— But I ______, because Xiao Wang went there, too.

     上可九天揽月，下可五洋捉鳖。这句诗相信很多人都听过，如今            。今天凌晨，嫦娥五号起了一个大早，一飞冲天去月球出趟差，这次的看点是是去了还要回得来，不仅能回来，还要带上月球的土特产，也就是挖土带回来。这任务可不简单，如果成功实现，那将是中国在探月征程中迈出的一大步。仔细观察中国探月工程的logo标志，你会发现那上面有两个清晰的脚印。其实．我国这么多年的探月之路就是一步一个脚印踏实走过来的，我们也有幸见证中国航天科技前行的每一步。

乌江项王庙

严遂成

云旗庙貌拜行人，功罪千秋问鬼神。

剑舞鸿门能赦汉，船沉巨鹿^①竟亡秦。

范增一去无谋主，韩信^②原来是逐臣。

江上楚歌最哀怨，招魂^③不独为灵均^④ ．

【注释】①巨鹿：项羽曾率各路义军在巨鹿大破秦军。 ②韩信：刘邦开国大将。投奔项羽，未得重用，转而投奔刘邦。 ③招魂：《楚辞》中有《招魂》诗，据传是宋玉为屈原而作。 ④灵均：屈原字灵均。

站在山谷的边缘，看到山谷不深，虽有裸露的岩石，但没有悬崖峭壁奇石异峰 ， （甲）也没有雪浪翻卷飞瀑轰鸣。从谷底到谷顶，从眼前向纵深，绿是山谷的主旋律。那浓浓的绿、淡淡的绿，是树，是草，是野花的茎和叶。它们高低起伏，随着山谷而绵延。绿色的中间开着许多异样的花，有白色的老鸦瓣、照山白、（乙）红色或紫色的马兰花、益母草、锦地罗……这些花，五颜六色，千姿百态，散落在山谷里，阳光一照，仿佛①__________；微风一吹，又像②__________。

我陶醉于山谷里，欣赏着这里的每一朵花。

当走到山谷的底部，谷底的涓涓细流淙淙作响，浸湿了我的鞋子，我竟全然不知——（丙）我被小溪边上的一棵蒲公英吸引住了。它开了许多金黄色的花，绿油油的叶子，直挺挺的花茎，坚韧而苍劲。它的根像藤蔓深埋在小溪边的岩缝里。它那张开的小花瓣微微颤动，好像在和我说话：（丁）欢迎你，老朋友!

①我国现行法律中有一些关于制止浪费行为的规定。②比如，宪法明确规定，国家厉行节约，反对浪费；农业法也规定，国家提倡节约粮食。③去年制定的民法典规定， 民事主体从事民事活动，应当有利于节约资源、保护生态环境。④但从中也不难看出，这些规定比较分散，系统性、针对性还不够强，缺乏必要的惩戒机制和约束措施。

⑤法律“长牙齿”才能发挥应有的效用。⑥立法遏制餐饮浪费，需要对餐饮浪费行为作出明确规定，建立制止餐饮浪费行为的长效机制。⑦比如，明确职能部门、餐饮经营者、消费者等各方的责任，着眼于设计事前防范、事中监督、事后惩罚并重的工作程序。⑧通过立法来规范人们的行为，可以让节约逐渐成为人们的生活习惯，实现从“要我做”到“我要做”的转变。

赠阙下裴舍人

[唐]钱起

二月黄莺飞上林，春城紫禁晓阴阴。

长乐钟声花外尽，龙池^①柳色雨中深。

阳和^②不散穷途恨，霄汉长怀捧日心。

献赋十年犹未遇，羞将白发对华簪③。

（注）①龙池：唐玄宗登位前王邸中的一个小湖，后王邸改为兴庆宫，玄宗常在此听政，日常起居也多在此。②阳和：指二月仲春，与开头二月相应。③华簪：古人戴帽，为使帽子固定，便用簪子连帽穿结于发髻上。有装饰的簪，就是华簪，是达官贵人的冠饰。

赵广汉字子郁，涿郡蠡吾人也。少为郡吏、州从事，以廉洁通敏下士为名。举茂材 ， 平准令。察廉为阳翟令。以治行尤异，迁京辅都尉，守京兆尹。会昭帝崩，而新丰杜建为京兆橡，护作平陵方上^①。建素来侠，宾客为奸利，广汉闻之，先风告。建不改，于是收案致法。中贵人豪长者为请无不至，终无所听。宗族宾客谋欲篡取，广汉尽知其计议主名起居，使吏告曰：“若计如此，且并灭家。”令敦吏将建弃市，莫敢近者。京师称之。是时，昌邑王征即位，行淫乱，大将军霍光与群臣共废王，尊立宣帝。广汉以与议定策，赐爵关內候。迁颍川太守。郡大姓原褚宗族横恣，宾客犯为盗贼，前二千石莫能禽制。广汉既至数月，诛原、褚首恶，郡中震栗。广汉为人强力，天性精于吏职。见吏民，或夜不寝至旦。尤善为钩距，以得事情。钩距者，设欲知马贾，则先问狗，已问羊，又问牛，然后及马，参伍其贾，以类相准，则知马之贵贱不失实矣。唯广汉至精能行之他人效者莫能及郡中盗贼闾里轻侠其根株窟穴所在及吏受取请求铢两之奸皆知之。长安少年数人会穷里空舍谋共劫人，坐语未讫，广汉使吏捕治具服。富人苏回为郎，二人劫之。有顷，广汉将吏到家，自立庭下，使长安丞龚奢叩堂户晓贼，曰：“京兆尹赵君谢两卿，无得杀质，此宿卫臣也。释质，束手，得善相遇，幸逄赦令，或时解脱。”二人惊愕，又素闻广汉名，即开户出，下堂叩头，广汉跪谢曰：“幸全活郎， 甚厚！”送狱，敕吏谨遇，给酒肉。至冬当出死，豫为调棺，给敛葬具，告语之，皆曰：“死无所恨！”初，大将军霍光秉政，广汉事光。及光薨后，广汉心知上微指，发长安吏自将，与俱至光子博陆侯禹第，直突入其门，搜索私屠酤，椎破卢罂，斧斩其门关而去。地节三年，司直萧望之劾奏：“广 汉摧辱大臣，欲以劫持奉公，逆节伤化，不道。”宣帝恶之。下广汉廷尉狱，广汉竟坐要斩。广汉虽坐法诛，为京兆尹廉明，威制豪强，小民得职。百姓追思，歌之至今。

[注]①平陵方上：平陵，汉昭帝陵墓。方上，陵墓的方顶。

(选自《汉书·赵尹韩张两王传》，有删减)

据舟山晚报报道：浙江省舟山市各级各类中小学及幼儿园均在圣诞节前收到市教育局的通知，要求“不在校园内举行任何与圣诞有关的活动”。

《人民日报》微博：湖南多名大学生身穿传统中国服饰，手举“抵制圣诞”“中国人不过外国节”的牌子举行抵制圣诞节的街头抗议活动。

如果你是舟山市教育局领导或湖南大学生抗议活动的组织者，面对媒体采访为什么这样做时，你会如何回答？请选择其中一个身份作答。

    The term “formal learning” refers to all learning which takes place in the classroom regardless of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies(思想意识). “Informal learning”, on the other hand, is used to refer to learning which takes place outside the classroom.

    These definitions(定义) provide the basic difference between the two models of learning. Formal learning is separated from daily life and may actually promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those obtained form practical daily life. A characteristic feature of formal learning is the centrality of activities which can prepare for the changes of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by its nature, consist of these challenges.

    In doing this, language plays an important role as a major channel for information exchange.  The language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by middle-class families than that used by working-class families. Middle class children thus find it easier to gain the language of the classroom than their working-class classmates.

Informal learning, in contrast, occurs in the setting to which it relates, making learning immediately relevant (相关的). In this context, language does not occupy such an important role: the child's experience of learning is more direct, involving sight, touch, taste, and smell senses that are not used in the classroom. Whereas formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is gained as a natural part of child's socialization. Adults or older children who are proficient (熟练的) in skill or activity provide—sometimes unintentionally (无意义地)—target models of behavior in the course of everyday activity.

    Informal learning, therefore, can take place at any time and place. The motivation of learner provides another important difference between the two models of learning. The formal learner is generally motivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status, and possible financial reward. The informal learner, however, tends to be motivated by successful completion of the task itself and the partial knowledge of adult status.

    Given that learning systems develop as a response to the social and economic contexts in which they are firmly, it is understandable that modern, high urbanized (城市化) societies have concentrated almost specially on the establishment of formal education systems. What these societies have failed to recognize are the ways in which formal learning inhibits the child's multi-sensory acquisition of practical skills. The failure to provide a child with a direct education may in part account for many of the social problems which trouble our societies.

按要求作答。不少于700字。将题目抄在答题卡上。

文化意义上的“认同”，是指“认为跟自己有共同之处而感到亲切”。真诚而又深沉的文化认同，能够真正打动人心，催人奋进……

请以“文化认同”为题，写一篇议论文，谈谈你的思考。

要求：观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。

    材料一

    流经中国九省区的黄河，是中华民族的母亲河，它滋养的土地创造出了璀璨的黄河文化，铸就了中华民族的根和魂。

    黄河文化作为一种大河文化，是一种具有黄河地理特点的旱地农耕文化，有着明显的地域特色。它起源早，成熟快。黄河流域拥有适宜的气候、肥沃的土壤，先民们很早就创造了辉煌灿烂的农业文化。在距今7500年左右的河北磁山和河南裴李岗文化遗址中都发现了大量炭化的粟类，家畜、家禽的化石以及石斧等生产工具。殷商时中国的蚕丝纺织已达到较高水平，卜辞中屡次出现桑、丝、帛等字。河南安阳殷墟出土的甲骨文的造字方法、单字数量和笔画工整程度都表明其为一种较为成熟的文字系统，因此汉字的起源应该很早。文字的产生使黄河文化迅速成熟。现在，有些历史悠久的黄河文化遗址、文献遭到了破坏损毁，黄河文化中的优秀内核也遭到破坏和侵蚀，推进黄河文化遗产的系统保护刻不容缓。

    黄河文化的另一特征是政治色彩鲜明，这与黄河流域旱地农业的特点有关。旱地农业必须以水利设施为基础。人们共同关心、治理与他们的生存休戚相关的水利问题，从而养成了关心社会问题的文化心理。另外，治水斗争和水利灌溉事业也需要形成集中的社会权力，从而促成了国家的产生。儒家学说就是在这种关心政治的文化心理下逐渐形成的。孔子几乎把一切问题都看作是政治问题。在他看来，孝顺父母、友爱兄弟即是一个政治问题，读书学习也是为了参与政治。政治问题在人们的一切社会生活、精神生活中占有最重要、最突出的位置。这就是黄河文化、儒家精神最重要的特色，其中熔铸了中华民族的精神风范、价值理念和民族心理。

    黄河文化绵延发展数千年，虽不断遭受外部文化的入侵，但始终保持其道统，显示出强大的同化能力。黄河文化以它博大的胸怀，吸纳周边多种原始文化，形成了文明国家。中国对外的经济联系、文化交流、政治外交也主要兴起和发展于黄河流域。早在汉朝，中央政权就曾派遣张骞等人出使西域，开辟从长安经甘肃、新疆，到中亚、西亚，并连接地中海各国的陆上通道，建立起中原王朝与西亚和欧洲的政治、贸易等联系。这条通道也成为古代中国与西方所有政治经济文化往来的主要通道，即丝绸之路。千年来，丝绸之路上经济贸易往来频繁，对外文化交往极为活跃。在交流过程中，黄河文化不仅扩大了自身影响力，也不断从其他地域和民族文化中汲取营养，展示了多元一体、兼容并包的特点，在数千年的发展进程中历久弥新，至今仍保持着旺盛的创新动能和发展活力。

    （取材于牛建强等的相关文章）

    材料二

    黄河在造就中华民族伟大文明、灿烂文化的同时，也曾因频繁改道、泛滥，给两岸人民带来了深重灾难。治理黄河一直是中华民族安民兴邦的大事。

    黄土高原地区总土地面积64.06万km² ， 水土流失极为严重。历史上黄河下游河道决口改道频繁，“黄泛区”良田沙化，风沙弥漫，生态环境遭到极大破坏。新中国成立以来，在黄土高原坚持不懈地开展大规模的水土流失治理，实施了退耕还林还草等政策，使黄土高原的土壤侵蚀面积、强度减小，沙尘暴次数减少，自然生态得到有效修复，构建了西北地区重要的生态屏障，扭转了黄河下游决口改道的历史。70年来，黄河岁岁安澜。

    黄河治理面临的另一大难题是断流。黄河断流导致了严重的水环境污染、河口湿地萎缩和生物多样性衰减等重大生态环境问题。自1999年我国实施黄河干流水量统一调度等政策以来，黄河下游再没有发生过断流，沿黄湿地补水需求得以满足，河流湿地面积增加，河道基本生态功能恢复，黄河生命健康得以维护。

    此外，通过强化流域内节能减排、工业污染治理等措施，黄河水质恶化趋势得到遏制，黄河干流兰州、包头、潼关等重要河段水体水质明显好转，水体功能恢复，为水生生物的繁殖、栖息提供了支撑，为水生生态系统的修复提供了保障。

    黄河治理还有巨大的社会效益。黄河决口历史的扭转，避免了大量的人民群众伤亡和巨大的经济损失，避免了道路、生产生活设施以及引黄灌溉系统等遭受破坏，为黄河流域人民安居乐业提供了保障。黄河作为我国重要的供水水源，为山西、鄂尔多斯等国家重点能源基地提供水源保障，为保障国家能源安全做出了巨大贡献。黄土高原水土保持工程建设减少了入黄泥沙，不仅改善了生态环境，还增加了区域内耕地面积，促进了当地脱贫致富。引黄灌溉、引洪放淤等措施还有效利用了黄河水含沙量大的特点，放淤改土数十万公顷，形成了良田，为粮食连年增产提供了重要保障，不仅满足了流域内的需求，还供给流域外其他省区，为国家粮食安全做出了重要贡献。

    人民治理黄河70年取得了巨大而辉煌的成就。为谋求黄河长治久安，维持黄河健康生命，支撑流域及相关地区可持续发展，今后还需要继续加大黄河治理开发与保护力度，让黄河永远造福中华民族。

（取材于李文学的文章）

    There has been an outpouring of love for a 23-year-old disabled woman whose dog was killed in front of her while a groomer(美容师) tried to trim(修剪) its claws.

    Calls and e-mails came from as far away as the Upper Peninsula and Arizona as well as Oakland and Macomb counties, offering Laurie Crouch, who uses a wheelchair because of multiple sclerosis(硬化症), everything from dogs to money, such as that from Jason Daly of Roseville who said, “ I would like to buy her a new dog.”

    A story about the death of Crouch's pet, Gooch, was printed on the front page of Macomb Daily. Crouch said a man sat on the dog to trim its nails. Gooch died after one claw was trimmed.

    Crouch yelled at the groomer to stop when she saw Gooch was struggling to breathe, but she said she was ignored. “If I could have walked, I would have put my hands on her and pulled her off my dog and physically stopped her, but I can't do that.” Gooch was not a trained service animal, but naturally helped Crouch by picking up things for her.

    “This case is absolute animal abuse(虐待),” Larry Obrecht, division manager of the Oakland County Animal Shelter in Auburn Hills, said.

    People who read the story contacted Oakland Press to offer help. A message, from Rebecca Amett of Giggles N Wiggles Puppy Rescue, in Roseville, said, “We have puppies to donate … and want to help the young woman who lost her service dog.”

    “When Gooch was with me, I was happy,” Crouch said, “I think I can be happy again but no animal can replace Gooch. There's never going to be another Gooch out there but I think I will find a dog that can bring me joy again.”

— Did you go crazy? You ______________yourself.

    Eight years ago, when Kyle Amber was five years old, he came face-to-face with a huge problem: His brother, Ian, ten, was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病). Their parents, Laurie and Henry, were spending much of their1with him in hospital. Kyle often felt alone and 2

    What could a kindergartner do? Not much, it seemed.3, Kyle was determined. He looked around and saw lots of kids being4for cancer and decided he could help them by helping the hospital, which was trying to5money for bone-marrow(骨髓)transplant.

    But how? Since Kyle's grandfather was in the printing business, he6bring decorative cards for Kyle, who7with the idea of selling them8. He made a large sum of momey-$80-for the hospital. His next9was a candy sale at this school, Palmetto Elementary, and it has turned into an annual10.

    And then people in Miami read about his efforts and were inspired to11to donate more money and toys, and things just snowballed.

    Within a year Kyle's idea turned into an official fund-raising organization called Kids That Care Cancer Fund. Today it is one of the12organizations in the country run by kids and13kids. It's hard to estimate just14the group has collected, says Laurie, but it is more than $100,000. As the Mayor of Miami wrote to Kyle, “ Your efforts have made a remarkable15in the lives of many suffering from this disease.”

    Never once has Kyle thought of16, because the smiles of the kids are too important. “ Basically, the entire feeling that you get is very17,” he explains. Helping other kids has taught him to be less18. And there's another thing he learns for sure: “ There is19going to be a time when you're going to have a very hard barrier,” he says. “20you overcome that, you can do anything.”

 —            He seemed interested in my experience, but he didn^'t ask for references.

子曰：“参乎！吾道一以贯之。”曾子曰：“唯。”子出。门人问曰：“何谓也？”曾子曰：“夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。”

（《论语・里仁》）

“吾道一以贯之”中的“道”，指的是什么？曾子如何解释孔子所说的“道”？结合《论语》中的相关内容，谈谈你对孔子的“道”是怎么理解的。

答题中可参考以下各句中的部分内容：

①颜渊问仁。子曰：“克己复礼为仁。”（《论语・颜渊》）

②子曰：“……夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。”（《论语・雍也》）

③子贡问曰：“有一言而可以终生行之者乎？”子曰：“其恕乎。己所不欲，勿施于人。”（《论语・卫灵公》）

④樊迟问仁。子曰：“居处恭，执事敬，与人忠。虽之夷狄，不可弃也。”（《论语・子路》）