Parents, teachers and caregivers have long believed in the magic of storytelling to calm and comfort kids. Researchers working in pediatric (儿科) have now quantified the physiological and emotional benefits of a well- told tale.
"We know that narrative has the power to transport us to another world," says Brockington, who studies emotions and learning at Brazil's Federal University. He adds, "Earlier research suggested that stories help children process and regulate their emotions- but this was mostly conducted in a lab, with subjects answering questions while lying inside functional MRI machines. There's little research on physiological and psychological effects of storytelling in a more commonplace hospital setting."
So the investigators working in several Brazilian hospitals split a total of 81 patients aged 4 to 11 into two groups, matching them with storytellers who had a decade of hospital experience. In one group, the storyteller led each child in playing a riddle game. In the other, youngsters chose books and listened as the storyteller read them aloud. Before and after these sessions, the researchers took saliva (唾液) samples from each child, then asked them to report their pain levels and conducted a free association word quiz and analyzed samples.
Children in both groups benefited measurably from the interactions.
Those who heard stories also reported pain levels dropping almost twice as much as those in the riddle group, and they used more positive and light words to describe their hospital stay. The study demonstrates that playing games or simply interacting with someone can relax kids and improve their outlook but that hearing stories has an especially dramatic effect. "The researchers really tried to control the social interaction component of the storyteller, which I think was key," says Mar, a psychologist at York University.
It was not long before they the day-after-day training.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last weekend, after finish my homework, I wanted to relax me, so I went to thecinema to watch Journey to the West with my friends. We hoped to enjoy ourselves there. However, some of the people there makes me feel very unhappy.
When we arrived there, the movie been on for ten minutes. We found our seats quick and sat down. What's worse, a few guys were talking loudly or even shouting when they saw some excited pictures. Also, some people threw away plastic bag, paper and other rubbish on the floor, that made the floor very dirty.
As we know, the cinema is a public place where we can have a nice time. All of us are supposed to obey the rules in the public. Only in this way can we make public places more comfortable.
Several years ago, Masaru Ibuka, chairman of Sony, was at a company planning a meeting. Suddenly he had a brilliant idea. He stopped the meeting and asked everyone present what would happen if Sony removed the recording function and speaker and sold headphones with a tape player instead. Almost everyone thought he was crazy. Still, Ibuka kept thinking about his idea and worked at improving it. The result, of course, turned out to be the wildly successful Sony Walkman.
Good ideas often start with a seemingly silly question. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles (华夫饼干)for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber into his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman insisted and went on to form his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.
Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration .When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he had some paperwork that he needed to have delivered across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while, lost in thought. Why couldn't there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into a class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the idea in that class project and finally turned it into one of the first and most successful overnight mail service in the world — FedEx.
We know that each of these ideas led to a very successful product or service that has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often silly, Children aren't afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be if people never asked "silly" questions!
在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is really hot in summer in the city where I'm studying, and hard to find a cool place to prepare for final exams.
But I find that the (share) toilet in my dorm is pretty cool. It's quite clean as I don't even need to dress up to go there. I just read my book (sit) in the cool room without any disturbance (打扰). This is amazing.
I love this place a lot, not just because it's cool and clean,because I can read aloud to practice my (pronounce). There, my voice sounds really_(wonder) because there's a slight echo (回声) to it.
Once I(surprise) by the cry of one of my classmates who scared when he saw me there. He said unbelievingly, “You're studying in a toilet?”“Yes, that's right,” I replied. “I think it's the best place I can find. ” We both laughed.
Life is full of joy that's just waiting to be discovered. Even if we meet with troubles and _(difficulty) sometimes, we can always find a new way (overcome) them. We can always discover something we've never found before, and learn how to cherish (珍视) something we've never cherished.
In May this year, as part of our 150th anniversary, we asked readers aged between 18 and 25 to enter an essay competition. The task was to tell us, in no more than 1,000 words, what scientific advance they would most like to see in their lifetimes, and why it mattered to them.
The response was phenomenal: we received 661 entries. Some entrants hoped that science would make their lifetimes much longer than they can currently expect. Many looked forward to work that will end climate change. Others wanted to see advances in our understanding of human history, crop growth, space exploration, and medical technologies. The ideas were inspiring.
The winner is a compelling essay by Yasmin Ali, a PhD student at the University of Nottingham, UK. Ali submitted a piece on Beethoven, her brother's hearing loss and the science which she hoped would one day cure it. It stood out to the judges as a reminder of why many scientists do research: to make the world better tomorrow than it is today.
All essays were judged by a group of Nature editors. The top ten submissions were then ranked by three members of a separate judging group: Magdalena Skipper, editor-in-chief of Nature; Faith Osier, a researcher; and Jess Wade, a physicist. All submissions were kept anonymous throughout the process.
We also selected two runners-up(非冠军的获奖者).Physicist Robert Schittko at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, proposes that nuclear fusion(核聚变) could offer a solution to the climate crisis, in a piece that effortlessly mixes grand ambition with gentle humour. And chemist Matthew Zajac at the University of Chicago in Illinois wrote a powerful personal account of why he wants to see advances in the field of same-sex reproduction.
The results show that today's young scientists have a wealth of ideas, talent and conviction that research can transform their world. We look forward to seeing what they do next.
Recently, I experienced a wonderful lesson in how little things still mean a lot. My brother, mother and I live in Hawaii. Our farm is at least a dozen miles from even the most basic of services. Therefore, I take weekly trips to the shop to get supplies. About a month ago, I finished loading up the car and was about to leave, when a piece of paper on the ground caught my eye. I picked it up and read it carefully.
It was a receipt from the State Motor Vehicle Division, recording the owners payment of her Vehicles Registration fees. At first I thought that I could find the owner. So I waited there for about an hour. Although the receipt had been borne on the wind, where in the busy, crowded parking lot would I find the owner? I looked over the receipt for contact or any personal data, perhaps a license tag or telephone number. I checked the date, the fees paid, noted the name of the owner and pocketed the paper. I concluded that the best and easiest step to take was to put the receipt in an envelope and send it to the owner first the next morning.
By the end of the week, I received a beautiful "thank you" letter from a very grateful and happy woman containing a handwritten message and a gift card. In the letter, the woman explained how the wind snatched (夺去) her receipt from a pocket in her car's passenger door. She had searched everywhere for quite some time before giving up.
It felt great to know I had helped someone avoid a loss by doing something that at first glance(一瞥) seemed little and unimportant.
Growing up, I wanted to be just like my mom. She was kind. People always seemed to feel comfortable in her presence. For years, she was a volunteer in our community. I loved going to the local nursing home with her where she taught a ceramic(陶艺)class.
On one summer day, Mama told me to get changed and meet her at the car. I had planned to spend the day at the lake with friends. Why did she have to ruin everything? I imagined the cool lake water. Irritated, I climbed into the car and slammed the door shut. We sat in silence. I was too upset to make conversation.
“Tasha, would you like to know where we are going?” Mama asked calmly.
“No,” I said.
“We are going to volunteer at a children's shelter today. I have been there before and I think it would benefit you.” she explained.
When we reached the shelter, Mama rang the doorbell. Moments later, we were greeted by a woman. She led us to the front room where all of the children were playing. I noticed a baby whose body was scarred with iron marks. I was told it was because she wouldn't stop crying. The majority of the children had noticeable physical scars. Others hid their emotional wounds.
As I took in my surroundings, I felt a gentle tug on my shirt. I looked down to see a little girl looking up at me. “Hi! You want to play dolls with me?” she asked. I looked over at Mama for reinforcement. She smiled and nodded. I turned back and said, “Sure.” Her tiny hand reached up and held mine, as if to comfort me.
My mom taught me a valuable lesson that summer. I returned to the shelter with her several times. During those visits, some of the children shared their troubled pasts with me and I learned to be grateful for what I had. Today as I convey these values to my own child, I reflect back to that experience. It was a time that I will never forget.
Rose: Hi, Dave. Do you think the weather is fine today?
Dave: Yeah. And the air is also clearer than ever before.
Rose: En, the newspaper reports that the air is less and less (pollute) these days.
Dave: That's true. Fewer and fewer people (drive) cars to work since the government started the traffic control two months ago.
Rose: But the control is going to end in two weeks. What'll happen then? Are cars coming back to the road?
Dave: That's true, too, we all hope it will never end. On the hand, the traffic control has made things tough for people driving cars.
Rose: But it's worth the trouble. I believe clean air is most important thing.
Dave: However, many people don't think so. they can't drive cars, they'll even have (difficult) getting to work.
Rose: They can choose to take a bus the subway. And they can even ride a bicycle. There're many other ways to choose from, actually.
Dave: Some people think buses are too crowded and riding a bicycle seems very (tire)．
Rose: Anyway, it's still (well) than being trapped in a traffic jam under grey clouds and in dirty air.
1）自我介绍:
2）个人优势:
3）应聘目的。
注意：
1）词数80左右:
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Friendship has to be ________trust, as we all know.
A. found on B. believed in
C. founded on D. believed
People who are confident really seem to be naturally outstanding and just seem to do everything with more style than others. 16． It is a habit that everyone can develop in life. Try these simple tips to drill and build up your confidence:
Admit your shortcomings calmly.
Do not try to flee from them or cover them. Face them bravely. 17． Fight against them every day until the day when you could break away and conquer them.
Dress for self-confidence.
18． And therefore pay attention to your dress, display your unique physical advantages and exhibit your best image. In addition, on formal occasions such as a business conference or a wedding ceremony, elegant dressing contributes to building your confidence.
19．
You should break your routine that deals with the work passively(被动地). Concentrate your efforts immediately on overcoming it, because it will make your restless mind at ease and build your self-confidence.
Be positive.
Feel pity neither on yourself nor on others. If you are used to hating and accusing yourself, others would tend to do that and believe it. Instead, you should speak positively about yourself, your progress, and your bright future. 20．
A. Your appearance could put you into embarrassment or increase your confidence.
B. Then talk about them to a reliable mate, a friend or a family member.
C. Actually, true self-confidence is neither born nor acquired overnight.
D. Build your confident vocabulary.
E. By doing so, you would encourage your growth in a positive direction.
F. Don’t put off what you eventually have to do.
G. Don’t judge a person by appearance.
1．She took the car （未经许可）．
2．As a punishment, she （不被允许做）attend any school activities.
3．I hope to visit the church, （如果时间允许）．
4．Hikers need （野营许可证）for overnight stays in the park
假定英语课上英语老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Friday, we had a lesson and it was really unforgettable because it was the last lesson giving by our kind English teacher, Mr. Tang. When Mr. Tang slowly went into the classroom, we could see clear that it was hard for him to leave us thought he has taught us for only three months. We all listened attentively for every word he said. If only we had behaved like this before! The naughty boys who unusually did well that day. all of us had the common feeling that we wouldn’t let her go. As the saying goes, “Only when we lose something will we realize the value of it.” At last, the ball ring. Mr. Tang looked at us all affectionately but hoped that we would make progresses in our study. What unforgettable lesson!
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21.The passage is mainly written for ___________.
A. parents B. workers C. visitors D. students
22.On Monday student Li Mei has breakfast and lunch at school, she pays________.
A. $2.30 B. $1.50 C. $0.80 D. $ 3.00
23.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. You can’t fight or say any bad words at school.
B. Your parents should check in when they come to school.
C. You should wait in line when you have lunch at school.
D. You can leave the lunchroom doing nothing after your meal.
There was a poor woman.She was very sad,for she had nothing to eat,and her husband was__41_ and had to be buried.But she was so poor that she couldn't __42__to buy a coffin（棺材）.She cried and prayed to the good Lord to __43__ her.
Then，through the ___44_ window,a tiny little bird flew into the room.It was a canary（金丝雀）.It came in through the poor woman's ___45_，sat by the head of the dead man,and sang__46__.It was as if to say to the woman,“Don't be so sad.”
The poor woman took some bread crumbs（面包屑） in her hand.It jumped over to her hand and ate the crumbs.It was very ___47__.
Then there was a knock __48__ the door.The woman's neighbor ___49_.When she saw the little canary,she said,“This is __50_ the bird that was written about in the newspaper today.It has flown away from some people down the street.”
___51_ the poor woman went to the people with the little bird.They were very happy to see __52__ again.She told them it had __53__ in through her window,and she __54__ told them about her sad life.
The owners of the bird felt very __55__ for her,so they decided to do __56__ to help the poor woman.They __57__ a coffin for her dead husband,and said to the poor woman ___58_ she could come to their home every day and ___59__ with them.She was very happy,and thanked the good Lord for ___60_ the little canary to her.
41.A.ill B.lost C.dead D.sad
42.A.decide B.afford C.refuse D.wait
43.A.trust B.change C.help D.please
44.A.missing B.separated C.closed D.open
45.A.door B.chimney C.gate D.window
46.A.sadly B.tiredly C.beautifully D.directly
47.A.sweet B.strange C.difficult D.popular
48.A.in B.on C.off D.to
49.A.served B.joined C.entered D.moved
50.A.mainly B.largely C.partly D.surely
51.A.But B.So C.Because D.When
52.A.her B.him C.them D.it
53.A.flown B.escaped C.thrown D.passed
54.A.either B.neither C.also D.too
55.A.happy B.sorry C.sick D.proud
56.A.nothing B.something C.everything D.anything
57.A.borrowed B.lent C.bought D.sold
58.A.if B.why C.what D.that
59.A.eat B.talk C.play D.work
60.A.calling B.sending C.turning D.paying
