—I an environmental report over the last few days, which should be submitted to the boss tomorrow.
How to improve your sleep cycle
Try to sleep at the same time every day
Your body's internal clock will become accustomed to going to sleep and waking up at the same lime every day. Going to sleep at 10 pm and waking up at 6 am is a good method of getting enough sleep.
Get the right mattress（床垫）
Having the right bed and mattress is very important for getting a good sleep. Having an uncomfortable place to sleep at will cause you to wake up during the night. This will have a negative effect on your sleep cycle. These beds can be customized for what you need.
In the modem age, it is too easy to get distracted by technology. Many people have television. In their bedrooms and use their smart phones when they should be sleeping. If someone previously has difficulty in getting to sleep. It is likely that he will give up and watch a show instead. He tells himself that it will help him to get to sleep.
Exercise regularly
The afternoon or the evening is a pretty popular time for people to work out. It can sometimes be difficult if you have a full-time job, but things can usually be rearranged a bit.
A. Get rid of distractions B. Improve your sleep habit C. Actually, the opposite of this is true D. Sleep can make them happy and watching am help sleep E. Adjustable beds are something that you could consider F. Having a regular exercise pattern will improve the quality of sleep that you get G. Waking when the sun rises should leave you feeling nice and refreshed for the day ahead of you. |
Hamburgers, French fries, potato chips, popcorn, and pizza. There is no denying these foods are tasty. But often, it's the added salt that makes them so appealing. One result: U. S. kids are eating too much salty fare.
Table salt is about 40% sodium (钠). Our bodies need some sodium to work properly. But too much of it is not healthy.
A recent study by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) looked at the eating habits of 2,142 children between the ages of 6 and 18. It found that their average sodium intake was 3,256 milligrams per day. That equals nearly 1.5 teaspoons each day, which is 50% more than current guidelines recommend.
Zerleen Quader is the study's lead author. "Eating too much sodium now can set kids up for health problems later," she said.
Much of the sodium that kids eat comes from processed foods. But potato chips and other salty snacks aren't the only culprits. There are other sodium sources — like bread and cold cuts — adding to the salt overload.
All this added salt can raise blood pressure and, with it, the risk of a heart attack and other health problems. Today, 1 in 9 children has raised blood pressure. There's good news though. Lowering salt intake can lower blood pressure.
That, of course, is easier said than done. The more salty foods you eat, the more you develop a taste for them. The key to changing your diet is to start small. "Small changes in sodium in foods are not usually noticed," Quader says. Eventually, she adds, the effort will reset a kid's taste buds (味蕾) so the salt desires stop.
Need a little inspiration? Dietitian Bridget Murphy advises focusing on the immediate effects of a diet that is high in sodium. High blood pressure can make it difficult to be active. "Do you want to be able to think clearly and perform well in school?" she asks. "If you're an athlete, do you want to run faster?" If you answered yes to these questions, then it's time to shake the salt habit.
注意：
⒈续写部分的词数应为150左右；
⒉续写部分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
When I was in seventh grade, I was a candy striper （护士助手）at a local hospital in my town. I volunteered about 30 to 40 hours a week during the summer.
Most of the time I spent there was with Mr. Green. He never has any visitors, and nobody seemed to care about his condition. I spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him, helping with anything that needed to be done. He became a close friend of mine, even though he responded with only an occasional hold of my hand. Mr. Green was in a coma （昏迷）.
I left for a week for a vacation with my parents, and when I came back, Mr. Green was gone. I didn't have the courage to ask any of the nurses where he was, for fear they might tell me he had died. So with many questions unanswered, I continued to volunteer there through my eighthgrade year.
Several years later, when I was a junior in high school, I was at the gas station when I noticed a familiar face.
He began to tell me how, as he lay there comatose, he could hear me talking to him and could feel me holding his hand the whole time.
There're something you should pay attention to when you're in Thailand.
There's one thing for sure: Don't touch the head Thai people are very (friend). After all, it is known as the “Land of Smiles”, but like any other country there're some customs visitors should follow in case you offend (冒犯) someone unknowingly.
The head of a person or statue (雕像) in Thailand is regarded as most important part of the body. It (consider) rude to touch a stranger's head, as it would be in most countries around the world. It is also impolite to touch the head of a statue, (especial) a statue of the Buddha (佛). Certainly, close friends family members often touch each other's heads or hair, is not rude.
And, of course, another thing is very important: Know where your feet are. Visitors should try to avoid (point) their feet directly at another person or Buddha statue. It is also not proper to step over a person or a Buddha statue. other words, your feet should always be (low) than another person's head.
Buddhism plays a key role in the country's culture. Therefore (tourist) need to show respect towards the religion (宗教).
As computers become more popular in China, Chinese people are more and more depending on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters(汉字). But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes(笔画) of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.
Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more widely spread among university students. Almost all their homework and essays are typed on a computer.
All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer.
It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that's why computers are being used more and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers increasingly, problems appear.
'When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can't remember how to write a character, though I feel I'm familiar with it.'
'I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper.'
Many students don't feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and efficient to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite?
Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said, 'Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic (审美的)value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only keep their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer's feelings. Through one's handwriting, people can get to know one's thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.'
To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory（必修的）and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.
He noticed that he when he was walking in the street.
He found this treatment very his health.
The Arctic will soon be free from ice, experts say. The change is bound to take place, but the global warming and climate change are changing the earth’s landscape (地形) rapidly，causing panic worldwide.
Experts say that the Arctic sea ice is melting (融化) quite faster than expected and it can affect not just the region, but Earth in general. A scientist even says that next year, or maybe the year after that, the Arctic will be free of ice.
Peter Wadhams, a scientist, said that the melting trend led to his statement. “Most people expect this year will see a record low in the Arctic’s summer sea-ice cover. Next year or the year after that, I think it will be free of ice in summer and by that I mean the central Arctic will be ice-free,” Peter Wadhams, director of the Scott Polar Institute in Cambridge, said in an interview with the Guardian. “You will be able to cross over the North Pole by ship,” Peter Wadhams added. He strongly believes that although some pieces of ice will remain, the Arctic basin may be free of sea ice in the next two years starting in the summer of 2017.
Wadhams’ study says that melting sea ice will have a great influence on the planet since the sea ice is more capable of reflecting (反射) sunlight compared to water that can only reflect 10% of the sunlight. Once the sea ice melts, the water can only reflect a small amount of sunlight. This means that the Earth will receive and absorb more sunlight, making the planet even hotter.
The year 2016 has already broken records of the hottest temperature ever recorded and the trend doesn’t seem to show any decrease in global warming. “It doesn’t look like the ice is healing and growing back,” Tom Wagner, NASA’s manager for cryosphere (冰冻圈) research said in a statement.
Like Wadhams, scientists and researchers all over the world are lecturing around to educate people to help lighten global warming that has already changed the planet’s landscape.
32. What does the author think of global warming and climate change?
A. Indifferent B. Anxious C. Unbelievable D. Misunderstood
33. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. What experts say has caused worldwide fear and great anxiety.
B. The speed of the Arctic sea ice being melted is beyond expectation.
C. The melting of the Arctic sea ice only has a great effect on this region.
D. It’s impossible that the Arctic will be free from ice in one or two years.
34. Why would the Earth become even hotter if the sea ice melted? Because_____.
A. more water will cover the earth. B. there are more hours of daylight.
C. the water will reflect more sunlight. D. more heat would be taken in by the earth.
35. What is the passage mainly about?
A. According to some experts, the Arctic may be free from ice soon because of global warming and climate change.
B. The Arctic melting sea ice will affect the planet greatly.
C. The Arctic will be free from ice in two years.
D. Global warming are changing the earth’s landscape quickly.
At Dulles High school in Sugar Land, Texas, the roster(候选名单)for Advanced Chinese begins with Jason Chao and ends with Kathy Zhang. In between comes an unexpected name: Elizabeth Hoffman. Hoffman, now a 12th grader, began learning Chinese in the eighth grade, has spent a summer studying in Nanjing and plans to perfect her Mandarin next fall. When asked by her peers---why she is learning Chinese, she responds with a question: “why aren’t you?”
As China rushes toward superpower status, America’s schools and government officials are responding to Hoffman’s opinion. Earlier this year Eush Holt of New Jersey introduced legislation(立法)calling for increased money of programs for less commonly taught languages, “For reasons of economics, culture and security, we should have much better facilities(设备)with Chinese languages and dialects,” he said. The State Department has pointed out Chinese is becoming a “critical language”, but the most recent data show that only 24,000 students in Grade 7 to Grade 12 study Chinese.
Still, the number is growing. In Chicago public schools, enrollment in Chinese classes has skyrocketed from 5000 students in 2005 to nearly 35,000 students this year. In the Santa Clara County, California, enrollment has quadrupled during the same period. In 2007, when the College Board first introduces advanced-placement language exams in Chinese and Italian, 2,400 high school plan to offer AP Chinese---10 times the number of students that plan to offer AP Italian.
Much of the interest can be explained by China’s increasing competitiveness. “People are always trying to judge what languages are going to be useful for the future,” says Marty Abbot, the director of education at the National Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Stephanie Wong, a student At Monta Vista High School in Cupertino, California, chose Chinese so that she could speak with her grandfather. Wong also predicted that Chinese will be important if she becomes a doctor. 80 percent of people in her hometown are Asians.
12. What does the first paragraph mainly discuss?
A. Dulles High School offers a Chinese course
B. Elizabeth Hoffman takes the lead in learning Chinese
C. Elizabeth Hoffman suggests her school offer a Chinese course
D. Jason and Kathy are the top students at Dulles School
13. According to the text, Chinese is becoming a “critical language” because ______.
A. American government has pointed it out
B. Rush Holt introduced legislation calling for opening Chinese
C. many students in the world choose to learn Chinese
D. China rushes toward superpower status
14._______ arouses America’s schools interest in Chinese.
A. The fact that Chinese is becoming a “critical language”
B. The beautiful Chinese traditional culture
C. China’s increasing competitiveness in the world
D. The population of people speaking Chinese
15. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. if a language is useful for the future it may become a critical language
B. in America, more people speak Italian than Chinese
C. the number of enrollment in Chinese classes will be increasing forever
D. more money will be spent on facilities with Chinese languages
A.Keep an eye on your storage media.
B.Organization makes it easy to find your stuff later.
C.Write down where you have important files.
D. Would you care if this was deleted tomorrow?
E.Remember something is better than nothing.
F. Preserve your digital memories now, before it's too late.
How to Keep Your Digital Memorials Safe?
Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognize its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either aren't aware or don't think that all of it could be destroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people with it._________67____________.
Steps
1.Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick and drag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later. You should do more than this, but it's most important to take the most valuable, irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guard against hard drive failure, theft or loss.
2.Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are:How replaceable is this data? How good are you at assessing the value of items? _______68__________. For things like business accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thing should be your first priority.
3.Start making backups. __________69__________ Diminishing returns (效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it.
4.____________70______________If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.
IV Summary Writing
Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main file of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症) has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than l.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.
The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengers highlight the conflict between airlines' needs and basic passenger rights.
Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro, an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight was disturbed by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting in crew seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.
Many airlines have responded to the growing obesity by insisting passengers of size buy two seats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which has become known as a "fat tax"). At first glance, the fat tax issue sounds discriminatory (歧视的, but some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do, with the condition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.
In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their 50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn’t charged anything extra.
However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese people should be entitled to having certain rights protected.
“We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it violates the Air Carrier Access Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilities,” she says. “The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.”
Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009, and issued a ‘one-person, one-fare’ ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include ones who are ‘clinically obese’ and who cannot fit into a single seat.
She walked around the room with her nose in the air, pretending I didn’t ______.
A. live B. exist C. survive D. breathe
Depression can be a destructive illness, plaguing millions of people worldwide with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and fatigue. Despite numerous antidepressant drugs, as many as a third of patients don’t respond to medication. This has forced doctors to be more creative in finding different treatments for the condition.
In the past two decades, researchers have tied depression to a seemingly unrelated condition: inflammation(炎症), the body’s natural response to stress. It could rise from injury or inflection, or even emotional issues like an unhappy marriage or problems at work. Some amount of inflammation is generally beneficial, as it increases production of cytokines(致癌因子)，proteins that help us heal and protect us from the effects of overwork.
But excessive cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggests that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression.
Cytokines can reach the brain several ways: directly through the blood-brain barrier or indirectly by binding to nerve fibers elsewhere, which send signals to the brain to produce the inflammation molecules. In the brain, cytokines can disturb the production and release of several important signaling chemicals, including serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, which help control emotion, appetite, sleep, learning and memory. It’s though that a lack of serotonin activity in the brain causes depression; most antidepressants increase the activity. But cytokines also have been shown to activate stress hormone signaling in the brain, which man also serve to develop depression.
With all the evidence implicating inflammation in depression, doctors have been anxious to test anti-inflammatory drugs as a potential treatment. Four small studies published between 2006 and 2012 by research groups in Europe and Iran found that adults diagnosed with depression who took aspirin or another anti-inflammatory drug called Celecoxib, along with an antidepressant, got more relief from feelings of sadness, hopelessness, guilt and fatigue compared with those taking an antidepressant alone. However, Andrew Miller, a professor of psychiatry at Emory University, thought something was wrong in these small, limited studies. None of them looked at whether the participants had to have high levels of cytokines before they’d see a benefit from anti-inflammatory drugs. “Unfortunately, much of the field has fallen into the trap of viewing inflammation as the be-all, end-all,” Miller says. He and his colleagues wanted to see whether the effect of these drugs was limited to the depression patients with high cytokine levels, or if it helped all people diagnosed with depression.
56. Which of the following illustrated how depression is developed/
A. stress→overwork→inflammation→depression
B. infection→inflammation→cytokine→depression
C. cytokine→stress→ infection→depression
D. inflammation→ infection→stress→depression
57. We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. depression will be an incurable disease for a long time
B. aspirin can effectively help relieve people of many emotional problems
C. people who are hard –working are more subject to depression
D. we have a long way to go before depression can be satisfying treated
58. The underlined word “excessive” in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to “________”
A. intermediate B. mild C. overmuch D. appropriate
59. Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage?
( ①---⑤ represent Para 1—5 )
A. ①② B. ①② C. ① D. ①
∣ ∣ ／ ＼ ／ ＼
③ ③④ ②③ ④ ② ③
∣ ∣ ＼／ ＼／
④⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ④⑤
For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to ______(36) was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so ______(37) that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
______(38) eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea ______(39) you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5500 kilometers from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city, _______(40 by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast _______(41) of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world.
However, this was not easy. When they first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. _______(42) after her mother came to help her for the first few months ______(43) she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone ______(44) thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her _____ _____(45) their social system.
He was _______ after the long running.
A. tired of B tired with C. tired out D. tired from
