People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now. The tobacco which is used to make cigarettes was first grown in what is now part of the United States. Christopher Columbus, who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the dried leaves were transported to Europe . In the late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular.

Cigarette smoke contains at least two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco burns, damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate. Nicotine in large can kill a person by stopping a person’s breathing muscles. Smokers usually take in small amounts that the body can quickly break down.

Nicotine can make new smokers feel dizzy(头晕) or sick to their stomachs. The heart rate for young smokers increases 2 to 3 beats per minute. Nicotine also lowers skin temperature and reduces blood flow in the legs and feet. It plays an important role in increasing smokers’ risk of heart disease and stroke.

Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. Cigarette smoking was the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases.

60  Tobacco first appeared in_________.

A. Asia     B. Africa     C. Europe       D. America

61. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To tell us the bad effects caused by smoking cigarettes

B. To introduce the history of smoking

C. To let us know what the cigarettes are made from

D. To tell the readers that Columbus found the Indians smoking

62. The following effects are caused by Nicotine EXCEPT that________.

A. It can make new smokers feel dizzy or sick to their stomachs

B. It lowers skin temperature

C. It causes the heart to beat less fast

D. Nicotine will probably kill a person if a smoker takes in too much of it.

63. What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. Where did cigarettes come from?       B. The effect of smoking on your body.

C. How to smoke is healthy?             D. Who is the first smoker?

 A driver should  _________ the road when___________.

   A. concentrate on; drive      B. concentrate in; driving

   C. concentrate to; drove      D. concentrate on; driving

假设你叫李华，你所在的城市要为明年暑假招聘英语导游，你打算应聘。请根据下列提示，用英语准备一份面试稿。

1．爱好英语，口语熟练，经常与英国网友(net­pal)聊天；

2．性格随和，开朗乐观，善于与人沟通；

3．本地人，熟悉所在城市的历史与文化。

注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Hello!

My name is Li Hua. It’s a great honor to be here to have this interview for an English guide in the summer vacation.__________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Thank you.

________to work overtime that evening , I missed a wonderful film.
A. To ask     B.  Having been asked     C. Having asked    D. To be asked

 Personally I think it is the teacher, rather than the students, _____ to blame.

A. is                     B. are                 C. that is            D. who are     

You make decisions, year after year, never lasting for more than a few days ending up lost and in the same place you started. Allow me to suggest some tips that may help you stick to your decisions creating long– lasting positive change in your life.

Telling other people about your plan can help in many ways. First, it is always easier to stick to a decision when you have other people supporting you. Your friends are less likely to tempt you with whatever it is you are trying to control if they know that you made a decision about it. Telling other people about your decision is also helpful in that it keeps us to the pressure on you to try and stick to you plan of action.

Choose a measurable and specific decision. Instead of deciding to “look better” or “have a better relationship with so and so”, choose a more definable decision. Deciding to “eat a vegetable every day” or “go out for coffee once a week with John” is much easier to track and assess than a general decision to “be a better person”.

Build a reward system. Connected to the last tip of choosing a measurable and specific decision is that when you do accomplish this specific behavior you decided to do, give yourself small rewards along the process. For example, for every week of healthy eating treat yourself with something special.

Creative visual aids. A colleague of mine decided one year for his New Year’s decision to be more frugal. He decided to try and save money by lowering his monthly bills. So he posted a copy of his highest electric bill by his heater so that every time he wanted to raise the temperature he would see the high electric bill reminding him to be more cautious about his energy consumption.

11．Many people’s decisions can’t become reality because _________.

A.they don’t take them seriously at the beginning

B.they make them but can’t stick to them to the end

C.they meet much difficulty in the process

D.they lack support from their families

12．Why does the writer advise telling your plan to other people?

A.Because they will offer you support and pressure.

B.Because they may reward you along the process.

C.Because they will temp you when you want something.

D.Because you will need someone to offer some visual aids.

13．Which of the following is a specific decision?

A.To look better.

B.To behave better.

C.To be an honest person.

D.To go out for dinner with a friend once a week.

14．The underlined word “frugal” probably means __________.

15．The colleague posted his highest electric bill by his heater to _________.

A.remind himself not to use the heater

B.warn himself not to waste energy

C.remember the electric bill forever

D.remind himself that he is short of money

71    sea-level rise of 15 centimeters may not seem like    72   . However, that’s about three times greater    73    what’s been seen over many     74    (century). If sea levels continue    75   (rise), beach areas, low-lying islands, and waterfront properties could __76   (cover) by ocean water.    77   , plants and animals    78    live on or near glaciers or polar ice sheets may struggle to survive if their   79   (ice) environment changes    80   (drastic).

Why do we laugh? For years scientists have asked themselves this question. No animals laugh and smile – only human beings, so does laughing help us to live longer? The answer seems to be that smiling and laughing help us to become calm and less worried, preventing illness which are caused by stress. Laughing is really the best medicine.

Scientists in California asked a group of students to act five different feelings: happiness, sadness, anger, surprise and fear – just using their faces. Changes in their heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature were recorded. Most of the feelings they acted didn’t cause changes, but when the students smiled their heart rate and their blood pressure went down. That happened even though they were only acting! So even if we feel sad inside, smiling makes us feel better.

Now, what makes us laugh? The answer to the question is far from simple. Everyone likes jokes, but we don’t laugh at the same ones. It depends largely on how old we are. There’s a kind of jokes, for example, which children love but older people might not find funny.

31. In the passage, the writer seems to pay more attention to _______.

A. comparison between human beings and animals

B. how laughing and smiling are connected with health

C. the degree to which laughing and smiling are harmful

D. finding out if any research has been done about laughing

32. The passage tells us that smiling and laughing ______.

A. have nothing to do with heart rate

B. do no good when someone is sad

C. lower one’s blood pressure

D. lower the temperature of the body

33. In the first paragraph, the underlined word “stress” can be best explained as “_______”.

A. pressure and worry   B. work and duties

 C. happiness and sadness  D surprise and fear.

34. It is _______ to answer the question “What makes us laugh?”

A. really simple         B. a funny joke

C. an interesting matter       D. not easy at all

35. Why did the scientists in California ask students to act five different feelings? ______.

A. They wanted to test the changes of their blood pressure

B. They wanted to test the changes of their heart rate

C. They would like to record their body temperature

D. They tested the effect of laughing and smiling on health

    One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he   61   (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much    62    too little.”

    His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less,    63    not save a bit of money?”

    “That would be a very   64    (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.

    Nick’s guests,    65    had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt  66   a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect   67   the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”

    “But such a small thing couldn’t     68    (possible) destroy a village.”

    “In the beginning, there was only  69    very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always   70   (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.” 

Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

　　The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.

　　Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.

　　Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.

　　Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.

　　Personality isn’t destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.

51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.

　  A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span

　  B. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health

　  C. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life

　  D. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity

52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?

　  A. They have a good understanding of evolution.

　  B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.

　  C. They generally appear more resourceful.

　  D. They are more likely to get over hardship.

53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?

　  A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.

　  B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.

　  C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.

　  D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.

54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?

　  A. Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.

　　B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.

　　C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.

　　D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.

55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?

　　A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.

　　B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.

　　C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.

D. Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.

你校研究性学习小组最近就早餐问题进行了一次调查，其结果（见下图）令人担忧。请你根据调查结果写一篇英语短文，倡导营养早餐。

注意：1.所写内容要包括图中所提供的全部信息，并谈谈自己的看法；

      2. 词数100字左右。

参考词汇：营养不良 malnutrition

Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question_____ what the person says.

A. depended on           B. depending on          C. depends on     D. depend on

Liu Huan is a professor at the University of International Business and Economics. He is also a noted musician and popular singer in the Chinese mainland.

    Born on August 26, 1963 into a teacher’s family in Tianjin, Liu enrolled at the University of International Relations in Beijing in 1981, majoring in French literature. He was retained at the university as a faculty member after graduation in 1985. He won two first prizes in Beijing’s first-ever university English and French singing contests in 1985. He once lived in Shizuishan, a remote area in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in 1985-1986 with the purpose of promoting local education by teaching music. He was appointed a professor at the University of International Business and Economics to teach the history of western music in 1991, and has been working at the university for more than 20 years.

    As a professor, Liu is invited every year to colleges and universities in Beijing to teach music courses. As a famous musician, when asked if his classes differ from other teachers’, Liu simply said, “Nothing different. While standing on the platform, I am just a teacher. Everything outside has nothing to do with me at that moment. ”

    Since becoming a professional singer in 1985, Liu’s singing has been widely welcomed across the country. He won many national awards, including the Top 10 Film and TV Singers in the Country in 1988, in 1990 and in 1992. On Aug. 8, 2008, Liu sang “You and Me” with Sarah Brightman at the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games, the top of his singing career. In addition to singing, Liu Huan also creates original scores for film and TV. His works have been well received by both audiences and his peers in the industry.

Therefore, Liu was chosen to act as one of the four judges on “The Voice of China”, a surprisingly popular singing talent show which had aired on Zhejiang Satellite TV since July 13, 2012. At the same time, his fellow judges are Na Ying, Yang Kun, and Harlem Yu.

56. What does the underlined word “noted” in the first paragraph mean? (One word)

____________________________________________________________________________

57. What’s Liu Huan’s major in college? (No more than 5 words)

____________________________________________________________________________

58. Why did Liu Huan live in Shizuishan? (No more than 10 words)

____________________________________________________________________________

59. Why was he chosen to act as one of the four judges on “The Voice of China”? (No more than 20 words)

____________________________________________________________________________

60. How do you find Liu Huan? Give your reasons. (No more than 25 words)

____________________________________________________________________________

    假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

     增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

     删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

     修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

      注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

            2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

The winter holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about which to do during

the holiday. Some are in the favor of staying at home. They think it’s both conveniently and

comfortable. What’s more, we can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the

chance of get to know the outside world. However, others preferred to go out for traveling

since it can increase their knowledges and broaden their horizons. And they will spend more

money and meet some difficulties while traveling. On my opinion, it would be much better

stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my

parents with the housework.

假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想选修中文作为外语，为此写信征询你的意见。请按以下要求给Peter写封100词左右的回信。

1、鼓励他选修中文；

2、中文的魅力(两点)；

3、学好中文的意义（至少两点）。

注意：信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Peter,

     Nice to receive your letter, in which you sought for my advice on whether you should choose Chinese as a second language.                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                       Yours,

                                                                      Li Hua

We were all_______ by the ________leader.

A. inspiring;  inspired           B. inspired      inspiring; 

C. inspiring;  inspiring           D. inspired;      inspired

Even the most motivated (积极的，有上进心的) of us can feel unmotivated at times. Here are a few reasons why you have such a feeling.

It’s medical.

Check with your doctor to see if the reason for your laziness is medically caused. Perhaps you’re depressed or low on iron — there are plenty of medical conditions that can cause you to be too tired to be motivated.     36      

You’re comfortable. 

If your life is quite comfortable, you may lose motivation to push yourself to grow. Keep in mind that it’s always good to get out of your comfort zone because that’s the only way you can improve yourself.     37     You’ll find yourself getting used to it or even looking forward to the challenge after some time. 

Taking on too much.

If you set unrealistic expectations, you are setting yourself up for higher chances of failing, which can cause you to lose motivation.     38    

You’ve given up.

    39     It can be scary to put yourself out there again, but the greater the risk, the greater the rewards! If you’re extremely afraid of failure, take baby steps so you’ll feel more confident once you manage to score small achievements.

    40     

Maybe you have someone in your life who brings you down, perhaps out of their own insecurities or maybe because they can’t adjust to the idea of a different you. Try to explain your reasons for attempting a change to them and ask for their support. If they can’t accept it, perhaps it’s better to keep your distance until they come around.

Remember, the first step to overcome barriers is to figure out what’s blocking you. Once you come to a better understanding, it’ll be easier to get going and find your motivation again.

A. People around you.

B. Take an honest look at your reactions.

C. Do something you’re hesitant about every week.

D. Make sure your goals are actually achievable before setting them.

E. So try to decide whether a medical condition is the cause of it.

F. After so many failures, you may be unwilling to face challenges.

G. Feed off other people’s sympathy and maybe even depending on it

Scotland has long been characterized as a land of romance.It contains ruins of many ancient castles and abbeys，and there is an attractive beauty in its mountains，long deep valleys，and ribbon lakes.Each year those things attract a great number of tourists.

Numerous islands line the coast.In the north are two large groups，the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands.Close to the west coast are the Inner and Outer Hebrides groups，and the islands of Arran and Bute.

The land may be divided into three regions: the Highlands in the north，the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.

The Highlands are wild and picturesque(如画的)．A long valley called Glenmore crosses the Highlands from southwest to northeast.

In the south of the Highlands are the Grampian Mountains，highest in the British Isles.Ben Nevis，the highest peak，rises to 1,243 meters.Ben Lomond rises from the shore of Loch Lomond，Scotland's largest freshwater lake.

The Central Lowlands run from southwest to northeast and the greatest length is nearly 145 kilometers.The soil here is fertile，and there are four coalfields underlying the area.In the east is Edinburgh，Scotland's historic capital city，and in the west is Glasgow.Almost 90 percent of Scotland's population live in the Lowlands.

In the Southern Uplands，the hills are generally less than 600 meters high.Their rounded or flat tops are often capped with dark peat(泥炭)．Along the slopes are plants like grass and heather(石南花)．

32. According to the text，all the following things attract many tourists to

        Scotland EXCEPT ______.

    A．ruins of ancient castles and abbeys

    B．mountains and valleys

    C．various animals and plants

    D．ribbon lakes

33．From the passage we know that ________.

    A．Scotland's islands mainly lie in the north

    B．the Highlands have rich soil

    C．Ben Lomond is near Scotland's largest freshwater lake

    D．the Shetland Islands lie on the west coast of Scotland

34．Most Scottish people live in ________.

    A．the Highlands         B．the Central lowlands[KS5UKS5UKS5U]

    C．the Southern Uplands  D．the Orkney Islands

35．The author's aim of writing this passage is ________.

    A．to attract people to visit Scotland

    B．to describe the beautiful scenery of Scotland

    C．to show people the history of Scotland

    D．to introduce Scotland generally

      Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, and his achievement was even greater than only a few other great scientists have achieved. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and so on—but even ordinary man now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.
     By 1914 young Einstein had been world-famous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by World War I. 
    Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
    In the year following World War I honors were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble（恭顺的，谦逊的）manner. He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.
      In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honored in Germany until the rise Nazism（纳粹主义） when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.
16. The main idea of the first paragraph is ______.
   A. the difficulty of Einstein's thought to others
   B. the feeling of an American university president towards Einstein
   C. the difference between science and history
   D. the change in human thought produced by Einstein
17. It seems to the American university president that ______.
   A. Einstein achieved more than any other scientist in history
   B. everybody understands Einstein's scientific ideas
   C. the new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyone
   D. our ideas about the universe are different today from those in the past because of    

     Einstein
18. Between 1914 and 1918 Einstein ______.
   A. received world-wide praise 
   B. had no chances for study
   C. almost did nothing in his office
   D. still continued his scientific research
19. Einstein did his greatest work ______.
   A. when Nazism rose    B. when he was young
   C. during World War I    D. after he left Europe
20. From the passage we can know that _______.
   A. Germans usually have a high respect for science
   B. Einstein had other interests besides science
   C. Einstein was forced to work again in 1918
   D. Einstein led a quiet life during World War I

46.If you develop AIDS,your chances of __________ (survive) are very small.

47.When I was young, I didn’t know much about the harmful_______ (affect) of smoking.

48.Those advice might help you to stop and ___________ (strong) your determination.

49.It is three years _______ our new school was built up.

50.They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and ____________      (possess) as well as their activities and achievements.

51._______________ his effort, he failed.

52.We would have won if Jack __________________ (score) that goal.

53.It is in that small village __________ I was born that a new factory is being built.

54.I would rather you ___________ (tell) me the truth yesterday.

55.Sometimes I can use those scientific __________ (equip) freely.