In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies,“No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me.”
The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire bulidings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?
That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening.
Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.
Our Trip to the Great Wall
Each morning during fifteen- minute bath, I determined to cultivate a b+添加知识点ig, happy smile. I found out it had to be an honest-to-goodness smile from down deep 1 , an outward expression of happiness from within!
Let's see how the smile muscles 2 me during the day. I would think of the things I had to be 3 for, work up a big smile and then enter. It 4 people when I passed them on the street to give them a 5 smile. Give every living soul you meet the best smile you have 6 smiled in your life, and see how much better you feel and look. It's one of the best ways to 7 worrying, and start living. When I began to do this, I found I became more welcome everywhere.
Do you use Facebook, MySpace or Twitter? If so, then you are part of a social network. Social networking sites allow us to see our social connections.
When you create a profile (a description of somebody that gives useful information) on a social networking site, you open up a number of possible social connections. You can look up old friends, make new friends, and share music, photos and videos with them. You can also join groups according to your interests or hobbies, favourite TV shows or music.
Setting up a social networking account (账号) is simple. You just create and post a personal profile. For this you need a login name, password, and an e-mail account. Then you add some personal information such as name, age, sex, location, interests, etc. You can also add a photo of yourself. You can control who sees your profile. The next step is to look for new ones, and add them to your network. Then you can search your friends' connections for anyone else you'd like to add to your network.
Different social networking sites allow people to communicate in different ways. There are sites that allow you to enlarge your personal community such as Facebook. Then there are ones that include media (媒体) sharing, such as YouTube, where members upload and look at other people's pictures and videos. There are also ones that specialize in sharing music, such as Last FM, and finally, ones that allow bloggers to form online communities, such as Live Journal.
The latest trend (趋势) in social networking is to create your own independent social network. Companies do this to make their products sell well and people do it to create their own communities.
Students who date (约会) in middle school have significantly worse study skills, are four times more likely to drop out of school and report twice as much alcohol and tobacco use than their single classmates, according to new research from the University of Georgia.
"Romantic relationships are a symbol of adolescence (青春期), but very few studies have examined how adolescents are different in the development of these relationships." said Pamela Orpinas, study author and professor in the College of Public Health.
Orpinas followed a group of 624 students over a seven-year period from 6th to 12th grade. Each year, the group of students completed a survey indicating whether they had dated and reported the frequency of different behaviors, including the use of drugs and alcohol. Their teachers completed questionnaires (调查表) about the students' academic efforts. He found some students never or hardly ever reported dating from middle to high school, and these students had the best study skills according to their teachers. Other students dated infrequently in middle school but increased the frequency of dating in high school.
"At all points in time, teachers rated the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills and the students with the highest dating as having the worst study skills," according to the journal article. Study skills refer to behaviors that lead to academic success such as doing work for extra credit, being well organized, finishing homework, working hard and reading assigned chapters.
"Dating a classmate may have the same emotional complications of dating a co-worker," Orpinas said, "When the couple break up, they have to continue to see each other in class and perhaps witness the ex-partner dating someone else. It is reasonable to think this could be linked to depression and divert (转移) attention from studying."
"Dating should not be considered a ceremony of growth in middle school." Orpinas concluded.
Online purchases have soared during the Chinese New Year holiday.
It’s the dead of winter in Shanghai. Delivery man Liu Jia and his colleagues start the day when most of people are still asleep. Working at a distribution point of a shopping website in Shanghai, they promise to deliver products within three hours of an order being placed. “I buy most of my grocery online, especially the heavy items. It’s convenient and cheap compared to the supermarket in my neighborhood,” Customer Chen Hong said. Orders such as these have increased for the New Year, forcing Liu Jia to work around the clock. “The orders are usually rice, laundry detergent(洗涤剂), tissue paper and snacks, mostly food and articles for everyday use,” Liu Jia said.
According to an industry report, China’s B2C (Business to Customer) online sales are growing at an annual rate of 25 percent. Competition between online giants like Taobao and Jingdong is now fiercer than ever. “The essence of online shopping is that customers can buy products easily. So the competition is about: firstly, the range of products; secondly, the depth under each category of products; third, the price and user experience,” Pan Biao, vice president of YHD. com, said. E-commerce is one of China’s fastest growing sectors. It’s changed people’s buying habits, and even their living habits. And it’s had a huge impact on the retail industry. To make online shopping more convenient, major sites are investing heavily to build payment systems
and logistics(物流)networks.
On average, a retailer now can deliver goods to the majority of cities within 3 days, and to towns and more remote areas in the country within a week. “Competition will produce a number of good companies, making better products and services that customers need. In the field of E-commerce, we are leading the world in terms of products, services and industry development,” Liu Yinbin, associate professor with Dept of Information Management, Shanghai University, said. Experts also say customers are increasingly making their online purchases from mobile devices, opening up vast new opportunities and competition for retailers.
32. All of the following about Liu Jia are true EXCEPT that ________.
A. he works as an online store owner in Shanghai
B. he has to work around the clock to deliver so many products
C. he starts working when most of people are still asleep
D. he must deliver products within three hours of an order being placed
33. The possible meaning of the underlined word “essence” in Paragraph 3 is ________.
A. way B. advantage C. result D. influence
34. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Chen Hong buys most of her electronic products online.
B. Pan Biao encourages retailers to open up new chances.
C. China’s B2C online sales are growing at a rate of 25 percent.
D. Liu Yinbin thinks competition will help make better products and services.
35. Which of the following can be the best topic of the passage?
A. Customers like buying mobile devices.
B. Online shopping increases rapidly for Chinese New Year.
C. Most customers buy food and articles for everyday use.
D. Taobao and Jingdong are competing fiercely.
1.A.Look up the new words in the dictionary if necessary.
B.________the dictionary if necessary.
2.A.I can live in my house comfortably.
B.My house is comfortable________ ________ ________.
3.A.Because he hasn't completed the programme,he has to stay there for another two weeks.
B.________ ________ ________ the programme,he has to stay there for another two weeks.
4.A.—Tom is very weak and lazy.
—So it is with his wife.
B.—Tom is very weak and lazy.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________his wife.
5.A.So far,Shanghai Expo has received 50 million visitors.
B.________ ________ ________,Shanghai Expo has received 50 million visitors.
As a film star she was a success, but as a wife she was ________ failure, so their marriage ended in ________ failure.
A. /; / B. /; a C. a; a D. a; /
When you’ve finished school, don’t forget to come back to visit your school , ___?
A.do you B.have you C.will you D.won’t you
My father had returned from his business visit to London when I came in, rather late, to supper. I could tell at once that he and my mother had been discussing something. In that half-playful, half-serious way I knew so well, he said," How would you like to go to Eton?"
"You bet, "I cried quickly catching the joke. Everyone knew it was the most expensive, the most famous of schools. You had to be entered at birth, if not before. Besides, even at 12 or 13, I understood my father. He disliked any form of showing off. He always knew his proper station in life, which was in the middle of the middle class, our house was medium-sized; he had avoided joining Royal Liverpool Golf Club and went to a smaller one instead; though once he had got a second-hand Rolls-Royce at a remarkably low price, he felt embarrassed driving it, and quickly changed it for an Austin 1100.
This could only be his happy way of telling me that the whole boarding school idea was to be given up. Alas! I should also have remembered that he had a liking for being different from everyone else, if it did not conflict with his fear of drawing attention to himself.
It seemed that he had happened to be talking to Graham Brown of the London office, a very nice fellow, and Graham had a friend who had just entered his boy at the school, and while he was in that part of the world he thought he had better phone them. I remember my hands shaking with the puzzlement of my feelings. There was excitement, at the heart of great sadness.
"Oh, he doesn't want to go away," said my mother, "You shouldn't go on like this.” "It's up to him," said my father. "He can make up his own mind.”
21.The house the writer's family lived in was _______ .
A.the best they could afford
B.rather small
C.for showing off
D.right for their social position
22.His father sold his Roils-Royce because _______ .
A.it was too cheap
B.it was too old to work well
C.it was too expensive to possess
D.it made him feel uneasy
23.What was the writer's reaction to the idea of going to Eton?
A.He had mixed feelings. B.He didn't believe it.
C.He was delighted. D.He was very unhappy.
24.We can know from the passage that _______ .
A.Children who can go to Eton are very famous
B.Children can go to Eton if they will
C.It is very difficult for a child to get admitted by Eton
D.Children don't have the right to decide whether they will go to Eton