Parents say that honesty is the best policy, but they regularly lie to their children as a way of influencing their behavior and emotions, finds new research from the University of Toronto and the University of California.

    Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying, so Gail Heyman, professor of psychology at the University of California, Diem Luu, a former student of the University of California, and Kang Lee, professor at the University Toronto, set out to explore the under-researched phenomenon. They asked US participants in two related studies about parents lying to their children—either for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.

    In one of the studies, many parents reported they told their young children that bad things would happen if they didn't go to bed or eat what they were supposed to. Other parents reported inventing magical creatures. One explained, "We told our daughter that if she wrapped up all her pacifiers(橡皮奶嘴)like gifts, the fair would come and give them to the children who needed them."

    In the other study, the researchers surveyed college students' recollections about their parents' lying and obtained similar results: parents often lie to their children even as they tell them that lying is unacceptable.

The researchers refer to this practice as "parenting by lying"." We are surprised by how often parenting by lying takes place," said Lee. Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.

    "Children sometimes behave in ways that are disruptive or are likely to harm their long-term interests," said Heyman." It is common for them to try out a range of strategies, including lying, to stop them. However, parents should be concerned about the possible long-term negative consequences to children's beliefs about honesty."

房玄龄，齐州临淄人。幼警敏，贯综坟籍，善属文。年十八，举进士。吏部侍郎高孝基名知人，曰：“仆观人多矣，未有如此郎者，当为国器。”补隰城尉。顾中原方乱，慨然有忧天下志。会父疾，绵十旬，不解衣；及丧，勺饮不入口五日。太宗徇渭北，杖策上谒军门，一见如旧。公为秦王，即授府记室。征伐未尝不从，众争取怪珍，玄龄独收人物致幕府，与诸将密相申结，人人愿尽死力。王尝曰：“汉光武得邓禹，门人益亲。今我有玄龄，犹禹也。”居府出入十年，军符府檄，或驻马即办，文约理尽，初不著稿。太子即位，为中书令。第功班赏，与如晦、长孙无忌、尉迟恭、侯君集功第一，进爵邗国公，食邑千三百户。进尚书左仆射，更封魏。帝尝问：“创业、守文孰难？”玄龄曰：“方时草昧，群雄竞逐，攻破乃降，战胜乃克，创业则难。”魏徵曰：“既得天下，则安于骄逸。国繇此衰，则守文为难。”帝曰：“玄龄从我定天下，冒百死，遇一生，见创业之难。徵与我安天下，畏富贵则骄，骄则怠，怠则亡，见守文之不为易。”居宰相积十五年，自以权宠隆极，累表辞位，诏不听。帝遣使谓曰：“让，诚美德也。然国家相眷赖久，一日去良弼，如亡左右手。顾公筋力未衰，毋多让！”晚节多病，时帝幸玉华宫，诏玄龄居守，听卧治事。疾甚，帝命凿苑垣以便候问。薨，年七十一，谥曰文昭。玄龄当国夙夜勤强任公竭节不欲一物失所明达吏治议法处令务为宽平。治家有法度，常恐诸子骄侈，席势凌人，乃集古今家诫，书于屏风。

（《新唐书·房玄龄列传》，有删减）

①第二列中的a₁₂ ， a₂₂ ， a₃₂必成等比数列；

②第一列中的a₁₁ ， a₂₁ ， a₃₁不一定成等比数列；

③a₁₂+a₃₂≥a₂₁+a₂₃；④若9个数之和大于81，则 a₂₂＞9．

其中正确的个数为（　　）

—A (少数) of coins.

    The Verizon Innovative App Challenge gives kids a chance to create apps that can solve problems in their community.

    Do you want to make a difference in your community? The Verizon Innovative App Challenge can get you started. The first step is to think of a problem in your community. The next step is to create an app that can solve the problem.

    Groups of five to seven students in middle school or high school, led by a teacher, can enter the contest. First, teams compete on a local level. Teams that make it to the next round receive $5,000 for their schools. Finalists present their app ideas to judges in a live webinar (网络研讨会)．

    Next, the judges pick national winners. The top eight teams receive an additional $15,000 for their schools, and each team member receives a Samsung tablet. Plus, the winning teams get the chance to bring their app to life.

    A group of six girls from Los Fresnos, Texas, won the second annual Verizon Innovative App Challenge. They came up with the Hello Navi app concept, short for “hello navigation”. The app was designed to help visually­impaired (视力受损的) students navigate their school by using an internal compass and voice­over technology. Read more about the team in September 19, 2016 issue of TIME For Kids: Edition 3－4.

    Do you have an app idea that could help solve a local issue? The deadline to register is November 24, 2016. Find more information and register your team at www. verizonfoundation. org/appchallenge.

    Here are some tips from the Verizon Foundation to get you started：

•Get your team together for a brainstorming meeting. Write out all the ideas that come to mind.

• Don't ignore challenges. Think of the problems that exist in your community.

•Ask family, friends, and people in your community to share their thoughts about problems that they want to see solved.

    Dad was not only my best friend, but my compass (指南针). While he was alive, he1 me with his actions and advice. He taught me one important 2: “Believe in yourself.”

    If there was one phrase my dad 3liked to hear, it was “I can't.” He never got to finish high school and 4 two jobs to support his large family, 5 he never complained. Through education and years of hard work, my dad became an excellent journalist.

    When I was in high school, I had a 6time with math. He tried to help me, but I 7 struggled. So my math teacher suggested I meet with him at 7:00 each morning before school for 8 help. I told Dad, “That's9! I'm tired! I can't do that!” He replied, “You're doing it. I'll send you to school.” Every morning at 6:45, we'd leave the10. Despite (尽管) working 12 hours every day, Dad never once11 driving me to school.

    After months of12, I was facing the final exam. I was so13. On the day of the final, my dad hugged me and said, “Luke, 14yourself. You can do it.” His words made me realize I needed to trust in my15 and in the hours of work I'd 16. When I got my17 proudly, the first person I called was my father. He cried, “Yes! You deserved it!”

    Even now, whenever I18 that a task is too much for me, I think back to that exam. No matter how 19something is, if you're willing to work, you can succeed. I'm forever20 to Dad for that lesson.

和赵昌父问讯新居之作

辛弃疾

草堂经始上元初，四面溪山画不如。

畴昔人怜翁失马，只今自喜我知鱼。

苦无突兀千间庇，岂负辛勤一束书。

种木十年浑未办，此心留待百年余。