70多年前，科学家们就已经发现光幻视现象能被人为地引发：我们可以跳过视网膜的输入，直接给大脑的视觉中枢施与一次电刺激，在视觉空间的特定位置产生一个光点，让被试“看到”本不存在的视觉信号。不少学者为这一发现走上了开发视皮层假体的道路，希望直接通过刺激视觉皮层，恢复后天失明的盲人的视力。然而，自上世纪70年代第一代视觉假体诞生以来，（  ①  ）—外来电刺激产生的光幻视信号大多是非常单一且数量较少的“人工像素点”，这距离帮助丧失了视力的后天性眼盲人群回归正常生活还有相当一段距离。在这项新研究中，由 Pieter Roelfsema带领的荷兰神经学研究所的团队运用了更加稳定耐用的新技术，卓有成效地推动了视觉假体技术继续向前。他们研发出了由1024个电极组成的植入芯片，并将其植入到了两只视觉能力正常的猴子的视觉皮层中，他们的目标是，通过芯片中不同电极同时产生多个电刺激，能够在猴子的大脑中激活一个由多个光幻视（点）组成的可理解的图像。虽然这些“被试”们无法用言语表达自己究竟看到了什么，（ ②   ）并且成功地完成了任务。令盲人复明的希望，终将依靠科学的力量实现。

, penicillin is now in regular production.

①丙烷的分子式为：CH₃CH₂CH₃

②丙烯的结构简式为CH₃CHCH₂

③某有机物的名称是2，3二甲基戊烷

④    与C₈H₆互为同分异构体．

    While going through life with the pursuit of money on our mind, we're often told that money can't buy happiness. But what truth is there in the saying? Is there a relation between money and happiness? 

    Humans are very sensitive to change. When we get a rise, we really enjoy it. But some studies have shown that in North America, additional income beyond 75,000 dollars a year stops impacting day-to-day happiness. They often end up spending all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.

    So surely money can't really buy happiness. Well, recent studies suggest that the problem may actually be in the way that we spend money. Studies show that people who spend their money on others feel happier. As for the people who spend money on themselves, their happiness is unchanged.

    One experiment showed that instead of an organization writing a large check to a charity, dividing the amount up among employees, allowing them to contribute to a charity of their choice, increased their job satisfaction. Similarly, individuals that spend money on each other, as opposed to themselves, not only increase job satisfaction, but improve the team performance.

    Interestingly, the specific way money is spent on others isn't important. Spending something on others is the important aspect of increasing your happiness.

庖丁为文惠君解牛，手之所触，肩之所倚，足之所履，膝之所踦，砉然向然，奏刀騞然，莫不中音。合于《桑林》之舞，乃中《经首》之会。

文惠君曰：“嘻，善哉！技盖至此乎？”

庖丁释刀对曰：“臣之所好者，道也，进乎技矣。始臣之解牛之时，所见无非牛者。三年之后，未尝见全牛也。方今之时臣以神遇而不以目视官知止而神欲行。依乎天理，批大郤，导大窾，因其固然，技经肯綮之未尝 ， 而况大軱乎！良庖岁更刀，割也；族庖月更刀，折也。今臣之刀十九年矣，所解数千牛矣，而刀刃若新发于硎。彼节者有间，而刀刃者无厚；以无厚入有间，恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣，是以十九年而刀刃若新发于硎。虽然，每至于族，吾见其难为，怵然为戒，视为止，行为迟。动刀甚微，謋然已解，如土委地。提刀而立，为之四顾，为之踌躇满志 ， 善刀而藏之。”

文惠君曰：“善哉！吾闻庖丁之言，得养生焉。”

张立道，字显卿。年十七，以父任备宿卫。皇子忽哥赤封云南王，往镇其地，诏以立道为王府文学。云南元帅宝合丁专制岁久，有窃据之志，忌忽哥赤来为王，设宴置毒酒中。立道闻之趋入见守门者拒之是夕王薨宝合丁遂据王座使人讽王妃索王印立道潜结义士约共讨贼推一人走京师告变事颇露，宝合丁乃囚立道，将杀之。人匠提举张忠结壮士夜劫诸狱，出之，共亡至土蕃界，遇帝所遣御史大夫与告变人俱来。二人者遂与立道俱还，按宝合丁及王府官尝受赂者，皆伏诛。赐立道金五十两，以旌其忠，张忠等亦皆授官有差。中书以立道熟于云南，奏授大理等处巡行劝农使，佩金符。其地有昆明池，介碧鸡、金马之间，环五百余里，夏潦暴至，必冒城郭。立道求泉源所自出，役丁夫二千人治之，泄其水，得坏地万余顷，皆为良田。爨、僰之人虽知蚕桑，而未得其法，立道始教之饲养，收利十倍于旧，云南之人由是益富庶。除中庆路总管。先是云南未知尊孔子，祀王逸少为先师。立道首建孔子庙，置学舍，劝士人子弟以学，择蜀士之贤者，迎以为弟子师，岁时率诸生行释菜礼，人习礼让，风俗稍变矣。行省平章赛典赤表言于朝，有旨进官以褒之。命立道为临安广西道宣抚使。籍两江户二十五万有奇，以其籍归有司。迁临安广西道军民宣抚使。复创庙学于建水路，书清白之训于公廨，以警贪墨，风化大行。入朝，值权臣用事，遂退居散地。条陈十二策，皆切当之务，帝嘉纳焉。大德二年，立道遂以陕西行台侍御史拜云南行省参政。视事期月，卒于官。

（选自《元史·张立道传》，有删改）