高考试题
根据语境,按要求仿写句子,做到句式一致,语意衔接恰当。
(1)一个人学会关心自己,只能叫作成长; , 。(用上“才能”二字)
(2)信任是生命的感应,是被人信任的桥梁。但 , 。(用上“盲目”二字);而不肯信任别人,必被别人遗弃。
化合物I具有贝类足丝蛋白的功能,可广泛用于表面化学、生物医学、海洋工程、日化用品等领域。其合成路线如下:

回答下列问题:
(1)I中含氧官能团的名称为___________________。
(2)由B生成C的化学方程式为_______________________________。
(3)由E和F反应生成D的反应类型为_______,由G和H反应生成I的反应类型为______。
(4)仅以D为单体合成高分子化合物的化学方程式为_________________ 。
(5)X是I的同分异构体,能发生银镜反应,能与饱和碳酸氢钠溶液反应放出CO2,其核磁共振氢谱显示有4种不同化学环境的氢,峰面积比为6:2:1:1。写出两种符合要求的X的结构简式_________________ 。
(6)参照本题信息,试写出以1-丁烯为原料制取

的合成路线流程图(无机原料任选)__________ 。
合成路线流程图示例如下:
— The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.— Why? It’s_______ than the films I have ever seen.
A. far more interesting B. much less interesting
C. no more interesting D. any less interesting
下图是2018年上半年人民币对美元汇率走势图,由图可以推断出

①从A点到B点有利于中国企业对外投资
②从B点到C点美元升值趋势明显
③从C点到D点有利于美国居民到中国旅游
④从发展趋势看人民币升值已成必然
A. ①② B. ②④ C. ①③ D. ③④
新中国成立70多年来,中国不断加人对落后国家的发展援助,提供国际人道主义救援,积极参加联合国维和行动,在国际社会应对气候变化、恐怖主义、重大传染性疾病等全球性挑战中,中国没有缺席,也决不会缺席。这表明( )
A. 中国积极践行人类的命运共同体理念
B. 合作与竞争是国际关系最重要的形式
C. 中国是促进世界经济政治发展的决定力量
D. 维护国家间的共同利益是我国外交政策的出发点
(历史选修4:中外历史人物评说)
材料 在20世纪60年代,国家遭到严重的经济困难,国防尖端项目面临“上马”还是“下马”的危机,聂荣臻力主发展以导弹、原子弹为标志的尖端武器。在总体战略上,聂荣臻主张立足国情,将经济建设和国防建设两用的关键技术有机地结合在一起。在基本方针上,聂荣臻从国内外基本形势和国防科技的特点出发,提出了“自力更生为主”的方针。在指导科技攻关时,聂荣臻根据组织大兵团攻坚作战的成功经验,最大限度地调动有限财力、物力和优秀人才进行科技攻关。面对党内“左”倾思想和轻视知识、不信任知识分子的现象,聂荣臻积极调整科技政策和知识分子政策求科研机构中的所有党政干部都要做好科研工作和科研人员的“勤务员”,积极为科研工作者创造必需的工作、学习和生活条件。
——摘编自战琳琳《聂荣臻:新中国国防科技事业的奠基者》
(1)根据材料,概括聂荣臻的国防思想,并结合所学知识指出其形成的时代背景。
(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,简述聂荣臻对新中国国防建设的贡献。
水稻存在雄性不育基因:其中R(雄性可育)对r(雄性不育)为显性,是存在于细胞核中的一对等位基因;N(雄性可育)与S(雄性不育)是存在于细胞质中的基因;只有细胞质和细胞核中均为雄性不育基因时,个体才表现为雄性不育。下列有关叙述正确的是( )
A. R、r和N、S的遗传遵循基因的自由组合定律
B. 水稻种群中雄性可育植株共有6种基因型
C. 母本S(rr)与父本N(rr)的杂交后代均为雄性不育
D. 母本S(rr)与父本N(Rr)的杂交后代均为雄性可育
下面是某校友对校庆活动邀请函的回复片段,其中有五处词语使用不得体,请找出并作修改。
收到贵校的校庆邀请函,十分荣运!但我因事务繁忙,恐难屈驾光临校庆活动,敬请谅解!特随函馈赠近期出版的大作一册,以表敬意。谨祝母校生日快乐!
最新研究表明As2O3在医药领域有重要应用。某小组从工业废料中提取As2O3设计流程如下:

已知:H3AsO3为弱酸,热稳定性差。
(1)写出一条“碱浸”时提高浸取率的方法____;“碱浸”中H3AsO3转化成Na3AsO3的离子方程式为____。
(2)“氧化”时常在向混合液中通入O2时对体系加压,目的是____。
(3)“沉砷”过程中有如下反应:
①

<0
②

>0
沉砷率与温度关系如图。沉砷最佳温度为____,高于85℃时,沉砷率下降的原因是____。

(4)“还原”过程中获得H3 AsO3的化学反应方程式为____;“操作A”为:____、过滤;滤液Ⅱ的主要成分是____。
(5)若每步均完全反应,“氧化’’和“还原”时消耗相同条件下O2和SO2体积分别为xL、yL,则废水中n(H3AsO3):n(H3AsO4)=____(写出含x、y的计算式)。
阅读下面材料,根据自己的体验和感悟,写一篇文章。
世界那么精彩,值得我们去看看。我们去看世界,往往不是孤身一人,而是需要有所陪伴。有时需要带上物,有时需要带上人,有时需要带上一种心情或精神,有时需要带上……有所陪伴,你眼中的世界会更加精彩。
请结合你的心得和体验,在“带上 看世界”中的横线处填入一词,构成题目,写一篇文章。
要求:①除诗歌外,文体不限;②不得抄袭或套作;③不少于800字。
某市创新干部管理机制,一方面对不作为、乱作为的公职人员严肃问责,另一方面为因受诬告被问责的公职人员及时正名。这样做有利于公职人员
①勇于负责,敢于担当
②明确责任,审慎用权
③依法执政,科学决策
④扩大权力,提高效率
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ②④ D. ③④
2019年3月10日凌晨,我国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征二号乙运载火箭,成功将“中星6C”卫星发射升空。至此长征系列运载火箭完成第300次飞行任务。资料显示,长征火箭从第一次发射到第100次发射用了37年,从第100次发射到第200次发射用了7年,从第200次发射到第300次发射仅用1年多时间。长征系列运载火箭的发射历程表明
①实践推动人们不断进行新的探索和研究
②认识运动具有反复性无限性
③人的认识是在主客体相互作用中形成的
④实践具有社会历史性的特点
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers 41 about the small dog he had seen 42 alongside the road. He had 43 to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had 44 .
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45 dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove 46 . After a long and careful 47 . Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48 away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 . It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51 number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 52 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53 their dog.
Jeff had 54 in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched 55 for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who 56 enough to go to that kind of 57 ,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue 58 .
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59 to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be 60 to go that extra mile.”
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
46. A. home B. past C. back D. on
47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search
48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded
51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car
52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered
53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured
54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked
55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns
57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme
58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team
59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close
60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling
Mg / LiFePO4电池的电池反应为xMg2++2LiFePO4

xMg+2Li1-xFePO4+2xLi+,其装置示意图如下:

下列说法正确的是
A. 放电时,Li+被还原
B. 充电时,电能转变为化学能
C. 放电时,电路中每流过2mol电子,有1molMg2+迁移至正极区
D. 充电时,阳极上发生的电极反应为LiFePO4-xe-= Li1-xFePO4 + xLi+
下列函数中最小值为 4 的是
A.
B.
C.
D.
如图所示,把球夹在竖直墙壁 AC 和木板 BC 之间,不计摩擦.设球对墙壁的压力大小为 F1,对木板的压力大小为 F2,现将木板 BC 绕着 C 点缓慢转动,使木板与竖直墙壁的夹角由30°增大到60°过程中:

A. F1 减小、F2 增加
B. F1增加、F2 减小
C. F1、F2都增大
D. F1、F2都减小
Many Americans think of driverless cars as a futuristic technology that will revolutionize travel in cities and along state highways. But recent experiments are proving that autonomous vehicles also have the potential to improve the quality of life for millions of Americans underserved by traditional ways of transportation, such as the elderly and disabled, so long as lawmakers make smart policies that pave the way for innovation.
A retirement community in San Jose, Calif, which has been transformed by a small fleet (车队) of driverless taxis, shows the potential of self-driving cars to transform people’s lives. Built by a tech start-up called Voyage, the modified (被改进的) Ford Fusions are currently limited to a two-mile road, but residents are already having the benefits of these autonomous vehicles, which allow them to participate in social activities they would otherwise be unable to enjoy simply because they could not get to them.
When the trial run finally expands to 15 miles of road, these residents—whose average age is 76—will also have a convenient and reliable new way to appointments. As these cars continue to serve residents there, it is easy to understand why California is moving to simplify regulations for the industry.
In Michigan, forward-thinking policies have the potential to unlock other hidden benefits of autonomous vehicles, especially for those with physical disability. The Michigan Disability Rights Coalition has strongly advocated for the development of this technology, saying that it could give people with disabilities greater opportunities in the workforce and enable them to lead more fulfilling (满意的), independent lives.
Many recognize that autonomous vehicles will be the future of transportation, but it is too often overlooked that this future cannot arrive fast enough for millions of Americans who are forced to depend on others for day-to-day travel. The policymakers should follow the lead of places like California and Michigan, and pass rules and regulations to unlock these hidden benefits of driverless cars.
【1】What’s the attitude of most American people to the future of autonomous vehicles?
A. uncertain B. optimistic
C. indifferent D. doubtful
【2】What is the modified Ford Fusion?
A. A kind of autonomous vehicle. B. The name of a retirement community.
C. The collection of social activities. D. A two-mile road for self-driving cars.
【3】Examples are given in the third and fourth paragraphs to prove ________.
A. how driverless technology benefits the aged and disabled
B. why driverless cars are restricted in many states in America
C. what are preventing the development of the technology
D. when driverless cars can enter people’s life eventually
【4】What does the author attempt to inform us in the last paragraph?
A. The concept of autonomous vehicles has been widely recognized.
B. Regulations should go hand in hand with driverless technology.
C. The benefits of driverless cars have been fully unlocked.
D. The weak groups are often overlooked despite technology advances.
下图为我国某地所测得的等高线地形图。根据图中信息,完成下列小题。

【1】图中甲、乙、丙、丁四地中,最容易出现泥石流灾害的是( )
A. 甲 B. 乙
C. 丙 D. 丁
【2】上图中湖泊附近有一瀑布,瀑布落差32 米,图中湖泊湖面与图示区域最高点之间的相对高度最有可能为( )
A. 520 米 B. 514 米 C. 532 米 D. 540 米
补出下面空缺处。
(1)李白《蜀道难》一诗想象奇特,其中“①_____,②_____”两句写出了连峰之高、绝壁之险,衬托出蜀道之艰难。
(2)辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》中“③_____,④_____”两句采用虚实结合手法,表达了词人渴望保家卫国的心理。
(3)苏轼在《赤壁赋》中用“⑤_____,⑥____”两句写出了自己与神仙相交、与明月永存的理想。
阅读材料,完成下列问题。
移动支付就是用户使用移动终端(通常是手机)对所消费的商品与服务进行支付结算的一种方式。
材料一:当前,移动支付在中国有着庞大的“粉丝群”,人们“挥挥手机”就可以乘地铁、购物、交水电费、买门票、预定车票和酒店……手机支付,无需收钱找零,消费者和商家都感觉方便快捷,互惠互利。随着近几年的快速发展,中国已成为全球最大移动支付市场,2016年中国移动支付交易规模为38.6万亿元,约为美国的50倍。2017 年中国第三方移动支付规模预计将超 90万亿元。一批国内支付企业带着经验和技术随中国游客“出征”海外。目前,支付宝和微信已经覆盖了全球 50 多个国家和地区的数十万商户,支持十几种外币直接结算。在“无现金社会”的演进过程中,如果说西方国家定义了信用卡支付时代,那么中国将有可能定义全球移动支付时代。
材料二:尽管我国移动支付发展迅速,但目前仍面临许多亟待解决的问题和风险。部分消费者传统的消费观念和消费习惯制约了移动支付业务的推广和发展。我国在移动支付领域还没有形成完善的法律法规体系,支付方的权利和义务尚不明确,容易引发沉淀资金、洗钱等金融法律风险。移动支付涉及移动运营商、银行及第三方支付机构等多个行业,不同部门制定的行业政策和规范侧重不同,甚至会出现冲突,由此带来技术标准不统一、行业操作不规范、运营成本高等问题,造成企业资金投入大、盈利困难。移动支付交易双方也可能出现信用缺失,相互欺诈,消费者的安全意识淡薄而带来信用风险和操作风险。移动支付还面临交易被篡改,手机中毒,以及被黑客攻击等安全风险。
(1)结合材料一,从经济生活角度,分析说明移动支付快速发展带来的积极影响。
(2)结合材料二,从经济生活角度,分析如何解决和防范我国移动支付面临的问题和风险。