根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Make Friends

    Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.

    Associate with others.

    The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.

    Start a conversation.

    Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.   You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.

   

Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.

    Let it grow.

    It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.

    Enjoy your friendship.

    The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

A. Be cheerful.

B. Do things together.

C. Do not wait to be spoken to.

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.

F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

请对下面文字进行压缩，概括主要信息，不超过45个字。

新华社北京12月17日消息，12月17日凌晨，嫦娥五号返回器携带月球样品，采用半弹道跳跃方式再入返回，在内蒙古四子王旗预定区域安全着陆。历经23天，嫦娥五号闯过地月转移、近月制动、环月飞行、月面着陆、自动采样、月面起飞、月轨交会对接、再入返回等多个难关，成功携带月球祥品返回地球，完成了这次意义非凡的太空之旅。“嫦娥五号任务既是收官之作，更是奠基之作。”嫦娥五号任务新闻发言人、国家航天局探月与航天工程中心副主任裴照宇如此表示。

In society, some greedy businessmen hide from their r and only worry about money.

阅读下面一段文字，回答下列小题。

在中国古代小说中，《红楼梦》是一个空前绝后的小说艺术高峰。小说故事发生的典型环境——贾府是一个典型的贵族大家庭。作者对这个贵族家庭饮食起居各方面的生活细节都进行了真切细致的描写，表现了这个    的诗礼之家“    ”的没落过程。《红楼梦》不仅思想深邃，在艺术上也十分出色，这首先表现在作者善于刻画人物上。以王熙凤为例，她置身于贾府复杂的矛盾中，费尽心机，应付自如。在她的性格中，既有心狠手辣的一面，如用阴险狡诈的方法逼死尤二姐等；也有爽朗大度的一面，以其    赢得了老少尊卑的喜欢。作者借人物之口，说她是(    )。但就是这样一个精明干练的女人，也自有其艰难窘迫之处，她不仅曾遭到赵姨娘的暗算，更经常受婆婆邢夫人的气，在贾府    的衰落局面下，她以病体恃强支撑，终于在后40回中因心劳力拙而死去。博大精深的《红楼梦》，不仅堪称世界文学宝库中的一颗璀璨明珠，也达到了中国古代小说的顶峰。

在体积相同的两个密闭容器中分别充满C₂H₄、C₃H₆气体，当这两个容器内温度和气体密度相等时，下列说法正确的是（   ）

下面是美国学者埃德加·戴尔以语言学习为例提出的“学习金字塔”示意图，请根据图表概括“学习金字塔”的主要内容以及给你的启示。要求：语意简明，语句通顺。

 

阅读下面的文言文，完成各题。

姚泓，字元子，兴之长子也。孝友宽和而无经世之用，又多疾病，兴将以为嗣而疑焉。久之，乃立为太子。兴每征伐巡游，常留总后事。博学善谈论，尤好诗咏。时尚书王敏、右丞郭 播以刑政过宽，议欲峻制，泓曰：“人情挫辱，则壮厉之心生；政教烦苛，则苟免之行立。上 之化下，如风靡草。君等参赞朝化，弘昭政轨，不务仁恕之道，惟欲严法酷刑，岂是安上驭下 之理乎!”敏等遂止。泓受经于博士淳于岐。岐病，泓亲诣省疾，拜于床下，自是公侯见师傅皆拜焉。

兴之如平凉也冯翊人刘厥聚众数千据万年以叛泓遣镇军彭白狼率东宫禁兵讨之斩厥赦其余党诸将咸劝泓曰： “殿下神算电发，荡平丑逆，宜露布表言，广其首级 ， 以慰远近之情。” 泓曰： “主上委吾后事，使式遏寇逆.吾绥御失和，以长奸寇，方当引咎责躬，归罪行间 ， 安 敢过自矜诞，以重罪责乎!”其右仆射韦华闻而谓河南太守慕容筑曰：“皇太子实有恭惠之德， 社稷之福也。 ”其弟弼有夺嫡之谋，泓恩抚如初，未尝见于色。姚绍每为弼羽翼，泓亦推心宗事，弗以为嫌。及即位，任绍以兵权，绍亦感而归诚，卒守其忠烈。

泓下书，士卒死王事，赠以爵位，永复其家。将封宫臣十六人五等子男，姚赞谏曰： “东宫文武，自当有守忠之诚，未有赫然之效，何受封之多乎?”泓曰： “悬爵于朝，所以惩劝来效，标明盛德。元子遭家不造，与宫臣同此百忧，独享其福，得不愧于心乎!”赞默然。姚绍 曰： “陛下不忘报德，封之是也，古者敬其事，命之以始，可须来春，然后议之。”乃止。

(选自《晋书·卷一百十九·载记第十九》，有删改)

下面一则通知有五处不合书面语体的要求，请找出并修改。

通　知

为更好地照顾到全校师生的就餐需要，学校后勤部打算在暑假期间对餐卡充值系统进行升级。请广大师生于6月23日前与后勤部联系，退出卡中剩余的钱，并拿走新的餐卡。请大家相互转告，抓紧时间办理。

阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一

到现在全世界都在提核心素养框架，欧盟和美国的核心素养框架中包括了批判性思维，有效沟通和交流、团队协作和创造性，澳大利亚 Patrick Griffin团队研究提出未来的思维方式和工作方式包括创造性、批判性思维、学会学习、有效沟通和团队协作。由此来看，这些方面是大家公认的核心素养。但是，批判性思维是不是一种能力呢？最早，批判性思维被认为是一种能力，即个体是否具有批判性思维的技能。其实，早在1941年，美国著名教育心理学家 Robert Glaser就认为，批判性思维是态度、知识和技能的综合体。批判性思维不仅仅是我们传统理解的思考问题的技能。它还包括如下成分：首先是有没有开展批判性思维的倾向，是指意识到问题的存在，愿意接受支持真相的证据；第二是知识，思考什么东西必须有个具体的依托，不能抽象性地谈批判性思维；第三是有运用这方面的技能。只有第三个方面才是传统理解的批判性思维，即运用知识进行推断、识别假设、演绎、阐释、评估证据的过程。按照这个理解，只有把这三个方面合在一起才是批判性思维它不是能力，而应该是比能力更综合的概念。

美国哲学学会在1990年召集了46位不同学科领域的批判性思维研究专家，他们通过讨论达成如下共识：“我们将批判性思维理解为有目的的、自我调节的判断它导致的结果是诠释、分析、评估和推论，以及该判断所于的证据的、概念上的、方法的、标准的解释或语境考虑。”这听上去像是传统理解的批判性思维。但他们同时还说：“批判性思维者习惯上是好奇的、见多识广的，相信推理，思想开放灵活，能合理公正地做出评估，诚实地面对个人偏见。”这不是传统理解的内涵，而是倾向性、态度以及情境意识按照这个理解，培养一个人批判性思维，最关键的不是培养他如何去论证一个问题，而是培养好奇心，对问题追根底的倾向。

材料二

情境使得思维成为必要和得以可能。现在学校中大量操练的是脱离情境的、有固定解题套路的问题。这样的问题不会引发学生真正的思维，也就不会培养学生素养。其实，在日常生活中随时都需要思维。杜威在《我们如何思维》这本书中给出的一个具体案例，鲜明地体现了情境和思维的关系：“假如你在一条不规则的小路上步行。当道路平坦时，你什么也不想，因为你已经形成了习惯，能应付平坦的路，忽然，你发现路上有一条小沟。你想你一定能跳过去（这是假设和计划）；但是为了牢靠些，你得用眼睛仔细查看（此为观察），你发现小沟相当宽，而且小沟的另一边是滑溜溜的（此为事实和资料）。这时你就要想，在这条小沟的别处是否有比较窄的地方呢（此即观念）？你顺着小沟上下寻找（观察），看看有没有比较窄的地方（用观察来检验观念）。你没有发现任何好的地方，于是又另作一个新的计划。当你正在制定新计划时，你发现一根木头（又是事实）你自己寻思，能否把木头拖到小沟上边，架成一个小桥，横跨过去（是观念）。你判断这个观念有试验的价值，于是你把木头架在小沟上，在木头上走过去了（用行动检验和进一步证实观念）。”这就是大家熟悉的日常生活。这就是情境，里面给你提供了大量的观察、观念形成、反思、行动的机会和实践。课堂教学里要创设类似的真实情境，才能给孩子提供真实的思维场景。也只有这种情况下，才会培养学生获得事实，产生观念，建立事实、观念或问题之间的关联。这个关联是学生反思的结果。正是在这个过程中，才会发展思维，形成观念，孕育价值，学会人际交往的规则。素养的形成一定是这样的。

我们每天生活在各种各样的情境中。只有情境变得越来越复杂，由此形成的越来越灵活的素养才是我们想要的那种。素养是个体在面对复杂的、不确定的现实生活情境时，能够综合运用特定学习方式下所孕育出来的（跨）学科观念、思维模式和探究技能，结构化的（跨）学科知识和技能，世界观、人生观和价值观在内的动力系统，分析情境、提出问题、解决问题、交流结果过程中表现出来的综合性品质。这里的素养不仅仅是思维，还包括价值观念、方法、道德品质、责任心、人际互动等等。这些方面综合在一起的东西就是我们讲的素养。素养是在特定情境下，或者是经历了一系列不同的情境后，个体建立起来的。能够灵活运用这些东西和当下情境建立关联的那个东西。这样看，单纯教知识是不行的，单纯教观念也是不行的，一定要在情境里面。而且一个情境也不行，只经历一个情境不会让学生建立灵活的关联。小孩子一看电视里凡是牙齿长得不正的人，就认为是坏人，长大了才知道，牙齿长得不正的人，也可以是好人。素养指向的是要形成灵活的关联，否则会变成非黑即白的机械关联。按照这种理解，情境才是我们素养培养的载体。

（摘编自杨向东《关于核心素养的若干概念和命题的辨析》）

While working outdoors, Tom was ________ by the heat and fell to the ground, unconscious.

用N_A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列叙述正确的是（  ）

—Why were the girls so excited?

—Because their favorite star (致意) them just now.

The kind lady finally (原谅) him for what he had said to her.

三阶行列式第2行第1列元素的代数余子式为﹣10，则k= ．

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Trust has been regarded as the basis of any relationship, including friendship. No relationship can last long with a lack of trust. Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe. Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust someone. However, how do we know if our friends have faith in us?

    With whom will you share things that you don't want everyone to know? It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. While a few of your friend may be fiercely protective of their privacy and may not tell their secrets to anyone, those who do, surely find you trustworthy and reliable.

    Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most? It has to be either your parents or your friends. This is a shining example of trust. You only seek advice from people you hold in high regard and find dependable. The friends who trust you will never forget to include you in the important decisions of their life.

    Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship, and this is also true for friendship. While some people find it difficult to forgive and forget, your friends will never have problems moving on. It is because they trust you and believe that you will never cause any pain to them on purpose.

    There are times in life when you find yourself a lonely soldier. Your friends will never let you down and will strongly stand for you when you need encouragement. You can determine that they trust you and believe in your beliefs, if they side with you when you need them the most.

A. If your friends share their secrets, there's a good possibility that they have much faith in you. B. People can be extraordinarily jealous sometimes. C. Two people cannot have identical reaction to a situation and different opinions do exist. D. In fact, winning trust is, by far, the most challenging aspect of relationships. E. No matter how close you are to your friend, you cannot take that comfort level for granted. F. However, people who are fortunate to have been blessed with true friends are never alone in any battle. G. You know they will never pass on a wrong suggestion.

The agreement ensured a (平稳的) supply of oil.

The family with the aim of travelling by plane ________ more than four times what it was several years ago.

设N_A为阿伏加徳罗常数的值。下列有关叙述正确的是（    ）

阅读理解

    One of the most debated issues about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who don't drink tend to die sooner than those who do.The standard Alcoholics Anonymous explanation for this finding is this：many of those who give up alcohol are actually former hard­core drunks who had already brought health problems associated with drinking.

    But a new paper suggests that abstaining(戒除)from alcohol does tend to increase one's risk of dying，even when you leave former problem drinkers out.The most shocking part—abstainers'(禁酒者)mortality rates(死亡率)are higher than those of heavy drinkers.

    Moderate(适度的)drinking，which is defined as one to three drinks per day，is associated with the lowest mortality rates.Moderate alcohol use is thought to improve heart health，circulation and sociability，which can be important because people who are cut off don't have as many family members and friends who can notice and help treat health problems.

    But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life？It's true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes，since drinking can be expensive.And people of lower socioeconomic status have more life stressors(压力因素)．

    Though heavy drinking is associated with higher risk for many diseases，heavy drinkers are less likely to die than don't drink. One important reason is that alcohol strengthens social interactions，and social interactions are vital for maintaining mental and physical health.Nondrinkers show greater signs of depression.

    The authors of the new paper are careful to note that even if drinking is associated with a longer life，it can be dangerous：it can affect your memory severely and it can lead to falls and other troubles that can affect your life.There's also the dependency issue：if you become addicted to alcohol，you may spend a long time trying to get off the bottle.

下列各组中的两种气体的分子数一定相同的是（   ）