人物传记类 知识点题库

    Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost one year old, she returned with her family to England. Florence often helped her mother give out  food to the poor. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse. Her family was shocked because nursing was not a good job at that time. But Florence kept on her decision. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could.

    In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital and she was shocked. The condition in the hospital was poor and bad. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and mice were everywhere. Many people died before receiving help.

    The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in hospitals — until one day 500 unexpected patients arrived. They soon realized that Florence could give a hand. Florence made changes. She made sure the patients were washed and their wounds were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp(灯).

    When she returned home after the war, people raised money for her. Many of the people she had nursed had given away money. Finally she set up the Nightingale Training School in London.

    After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. Nursing became an honored（受尊敬的） job. All of this was because of the "lady with the lamp”.

    I first met an 8-year-old Katy on a rainy afternoon. I was a 1at a hospital. The clerk at he desk told me about Katy. She was there because she felt a lot of 2. The doctors found a problem at the base of her brain(大脑). I knew she was 3, even before she got better.

    When I entered Katy's room, she was not in her bed. 4 Katy did not feel well, she was playing with Tommy, a little boy. She had much 5sitting in the chair. But she played with Tommy because it made him 6.

    Katy was always smiling and never appeared to be in pain. She 7to just lie in bed. One day I found her painting a picture. Later, she gave it to one of the older patients. Another day she went outside to 8flowers for another sick little girl. Katy made 9smile.

    The doctors 10to solve the problem in Katy's brain. The operation was successfully! Katy was fine. She soon felt 11. Then she was able to 12the hospital a month later.

    I have worked as a nurse for a long time. I have met many patients. 13, I have never met another girl like Katy. Even after she got well, she still came to the hospital. She played different games with the young patients. She read many books the 14patients. Katy's kind heart helped her get better so 15. She is a hero to me and everyone else at the hospital.

Ma Yun became one of the richest men in China when his company Alibaba went on the stock market(上市) in 2014 with a value of $140 billion-the largest public offering in history. Here are some stories about him on the way to success. Ma made his first trip to the USA in 1995 and used the Internet for the first time. After searching for "beer", he saw that no results came up about China. Then he searched for "China" and still saw no results .He decided to set up a Chinese website-- the seed for Alibaba was sown (播种).

Ma said he was refused many times in his life. He failed the College Entrance Examination on in China three times and few companies offered him jobs, including one at KFC. And he was refused by the famous Harvard University 10 times.

It was difficult to learn English when Ma was a teenager because of limited resources. However, he found that he could learn English well by giving tourists free guides around his hometown Hangzhou. And he kept it for nine years. Ma said that tourists opened up a new world for him because everything they said and did was so different from what he had been taught at school and by his parents.

Ma's hero is Forest Gump who never gives up. When he made a speech about his success at Davos (达沃斯论坛) in 2015, Ma said, "Life is like a box of chocolates because you never know what you are going to get."

The People's Republic of China （PRC） is celebrating its 70th founding anniversary this year. Over the past decades（几十年）, many people have made great contributions to the country's development, helping it grow through their hard work. On Sept.17, ahead of National Day on Oct 1, eight people received the Medal of the Republic （共和国勋章）.

Here are four of the eight recipients （接受者） of the Medal of the Republic.

    Walt Whitman was a famous American poet (诗人). He was born1May 31, 1819, in Long Island. There were nine2in his family, and he was the second.3he was four years old, his family moved to Brooklyn because his family was too poor. His childhood was restless (不安宁的) and unhappy.4the age of 11, he left school. Then he began to5a job to help his family. As a young man, Whitman6a school teacher, a printer and a newspaper reporter. He was7years old when he published his first book of poetry (诗集) in 1855. He8it Leaves of Grass. It9only twelve poems. The new form of his poetry10many people. Whitman was poor and weak during the last years of his life. He died in 1892.

    Do you know the late leader of China, Deng Xiaoping? He was called the"chief architect of China's reform and opening-up (中国改革开放的总设计师)". August 22 is the 110 anniversary of his birth. President Xi Jinping held an important meeting for the event on August 20, 2014 in Beijing. Other senior leaders Li Keqiang, Zhang Dejiang, Yu Zhengsheng, Liu Yunshan, Wang Qishan and Zhang Gaoli also attended the meeting.

    Deng was born in 1904 in Sichuan Province. His father was a middle-level landowner (地主). His mother died early in Deng's life. He has three brothers and three sisters. Deng's first wife, Zhuo Lin, married him in 1939 in Yan'an. They had five children: three daughters and two sons.

    Deng was sent to private primary school at the age of five. In the summer of 1919, Deng Xiaoping graduated finished his school life in Chongqing. Then he went to France in the 1920s. His father strongly supported him, the night before going to France, Deng's father took his son aside and asked him what he hoped to learn there. Deng said the words he had learned from his teachers:" To learn knowledge and truth from the West in order to save China." He joined the Communist Party of China (中国) in 1924. Then he joined the army to save China. He died on February 19, 1997.

Once upon a time, there lived a teacher in a small town. He often taught his students in special ways. Once he sent four of his students to go to a small farm to see apple trees in different seasons. The first student went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the last in autumn.

After the four students came back, the teacher called them together. They pictured (描述) their feelings to the teacher. The first student said that there were no leaves on the trees. It made him very disappointed. The second student said his eyes were full of light green. It made him feel hopeful. The third one disagreed, "What are you talking about? How pretty the trees were! The sweet smell of the beautiful flowers spread (传播)here and there." The last one shook his head. He only saw a lot of apples on the beautiful trees.

The teacher smiled and told his students none of them were wrong. They each just saw one season. He continued, "The trees are not the same in different seasons. You can't judge (判断)a tree by only one season. Don' t let the regret（遗憾）of one season destroy(破坏) the beauty of the rest."

Everything has different sides in our life. Don't hurry to make a conclusion(结论)before seeing the whole of it.

Qian Xuesen was born in Hangzhou On December 11, 1911. After (graduate) from Shanghai Jiaotong University, he traveled to the United States for (far) study. There he received his Ph. D degrees in both aerospace and mathematics. Later, he became a teacher as well as a researcher who studied rocket and missile theories. Qian decided (return) to his country. The Americans tried to stop him from going back to China,he made it. People said he could have made much more money if he had stayed in the U.S. He(simple) laughed and replied, "My family name is Qian, but I don't like qian."

In 1956, Qian Xuesen set up the (one) research institute of rockets and missiles in China. From then on, he wascharge of developing China's missile, rocket and spacecraft research programs. He was the pioneer in these fields and (honor) as "the Father of China's Missiles" Qian is the(proud) of the Chinese nation.

Qian Xuesen(pass) away in 2009, but his spirit still encourages Chinese youth today. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, "My career is in China, my success is in china and my destination is in China!"

My brother, Tom, is a school boy. He likes doing sports(运动). He 1 swim, play ping-pong, basketball and football. 2 is Tom's favorite sport. Messi is 3 favorite soccer Star. Tom wants to be a soccer player 4 him. Tom is now in the school soccer team(队). He plays soccer with his teammates after 5 every afternoon. When he goes to the bookstore, he always buys books about 6. At school, Tom's favorite 7 is P.E. His P.E. teacher, Mr. Green, is 8. Tom regards him as(把……当作) his best friend. At home, Tom likes watching sports games on TV. 9 does Tom like sports? That's because of my father. My father is good at soccer and basketball. When Tom was 10 two years old, my father began to teach him to play soccer.

Zhang Guimei, the headteacher of Huaping High School for Girls. The school, which was 1 by Zhang in 2008, was the first high school in the country to 2 free education for girls from poor families.

Anybody who knows Zhang's own 3will be more deeply moved by her. She has no 4 property（财产）, and has been living in the school. She has spent most of her 5 she received on her students. And, despite（尽管） having 6 health problems, for 12 years she has always taken morning classes together with the students. She has also covered 110,000 kilometers visiting her students' families over the years.

Thanks to her 7, about 40 percent of the school's graduates go to famous universities. More than 1,800 girls from poor families have entered universities. By helping the girls get higher education, she has 8 helped them enjoy more opportunities（机会） as a result.

Influenced by her, many of her students have chosen to teach in 9 areas, while some even went back to teach in her high school. Zhang Guimei will be long remembered and encourage more people to 10 her example. She is considered to be one of the greatest teachers in China.

Four women were awarded Nobel prize (诺贝尔奖) of 2020.

    Cindy comes from England. Her father works in a hospital and her mother teaches dance. When she was two, her parents bought her a small violin. Cindy's sister Virginia was sixteen at that time. She played the piano. After Cindy heard Virginia play something, she played it on her violin. Her great talent surprised her family. From the age of four, she played at a lot of concerts (音乐会) in England and America.

    Many teachers wanted to give Cindy lessons but when she was seven she met Mr. Miller. She was sure from the beginning (开始) that he was the right teacher for her. Mr. Miller's work takes him around the world and each year Cindy flies hundreds of kilometers to get to his classes. Cindy was only fourteen when she made her first CD, but she says she is just like other children." I have lots of friends and I love music. I want to be a great violinist (小提琴手), but I also make sure I have time for other things."

    Who is the greatest English writer? . His popular expressions, like "To be or not to be, that is a question.", and his stories such as Romeo and Juliet are almost famous in every corner of the world. William Shakespeare was born in a small town in England in 1564. . By 1594, he had become an important playwright in London.

    Whether comedies or tragedies, Shakespeare's plays always catch people's hearts. . In A Midsummer Night's Dream, fairies(仙女) play magical tricks on people lost in the woods. His tragedies, however, can be very dark. Macbeth tells the story about a man who becomes king by killing a lot of people.

     Shakespeare's works also have a big influence on the English language. .

    Of course, Shakespeare wrote his plays 400 years ago and his English was very different from that of today. . His plays have been translated into other languages and are performed more often. There are over 400 films and TV plays adapted from his works. Shakespeare is not of an age, but for all the time.

A. His comedies make a joke on human weakness and always have a happy ending

B. But it doesn't influence his popularity (流行程度)

C. He created about 1,700 English words, including everyday ones like "lonely" and "hurry"

D. When he was young, he moved to London and began to work as a playwright

E. The person should be William Shakespeare

Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17, he travelled across Europe and Asia along the Silk Road with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. Finally they arrived in Beijing. Although Marco was young, he was very clever and could speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to do many important tasks across the country. Marco was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.

There were inventions and developments in China which couldn't be found in Europe at that time. Marco was surprised to see Chinese people using paper money in the markets. In Europe, people didn't pay for goods with paper! He was also puzzled by the black stones people used to burn to produce heat. The black stones were coal, but Marco had never seen coal before!

In 1291, after 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco returned to Italy. He was now a very wealthy man. A writer wrote down all the stories that Marco told him in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best—selling books in Europe.

Although people enjoyed reading the book, many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fanatic to be true. But Marco always stood by his tales. Just before he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, " Was it all true?" And this was his answer, "I have only told a half what I saw!"

Bella was a young woman of great beauty, and even more beautiful when she was smiling and laughing. She fell in love with James and then married him. James was a painter who was already famous for his art. And he was always studying and working. The great love of his life was his work and his painting.

His beautiful young wife was playful, full of life and light and smiles, as loving as a child when they just got married. But later Bella began to worry and she didn't like anything about painting because it kept him away from her, hour after hour.

So it was a terrible thing for Bella when James said he wanted to paint a picture of her. But she agreed because she loved him and wanted to please him.

For many weeks she sat in a dark high room where the light from above fell onto the painting and onto her. Day after day，Bella sat in silence, not moving, not speaking. But she went on smiling and smiling because she saw that James loved his work so much.

James painted hour after hour, not speaking a word, thinking only of his work. People who saw the painting looked and said softly. "It is your finest work. Oh, you do love your wife dearly! We can see this in the painting. "

And it was true. But James did not look at Bella now. He went on working, thinking and dreaming only of the painting and never of his wife. Day by day Bella looked more and more unhappy, and finally lost her hope that her husband would have a look at her. Bella's face and body were now thin, but James did not see it. James took the warm colour from Bella's face, and painted it into the face in his painting - but he could not, he would not see it.

After many weeks, James finished the painting of Bella. One last touch of paint on the mouth, a last touch to the eye. He stood back and looked at the painting of Bella. How wonderful it was! He cried out with a loud voice, "This is LIFE itself She LIVES in this painting!". And he turned suddenly to look at the woman he loved. She was dead!

Last night I went to a concert of Chinese folk music with my Chinese friends. A piece of music named Erquan Yingyue (Moon Reflected on Second Spring) deeply moved me. It was one of the most (感人的)pieces of music I've ever heard. It sounded so sad that I almost cried along with it as I listened. Later I got to know the music was (写) by a folk musician Abing. Today it has become one of China's national (宝藏).

However, the road to his(成功) was not easy. His mother died when he was young. His father taught him to play many(音乐) instruments. By age 17, he was known for his talent in music. (不幸地)his father died. What was worse, he developed a serious illness and became blind. He had no choice but to perform on the streets to make money. His excellent skills made him popular (在……期间)his lifetime. He played and wrote many pieces of music. When we listen to his music, we can sense the beauty and (悲伤)in it. It makes us think about the wounds and pain we have (经历). For this reason, many people praise him as the musician who has greatly influenced erhu music. So it's really a pity that not many pieces of his music were(录制).

Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2, 000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution（贡献） to the education today.

Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which was in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.

Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from wealthy families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3, 000 students in his lifetime and traveled with his students from state to state.

Today, people still follow Confucius' lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. "When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them. "

He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. "All study but no thinking makes people puzzled （困惑的）. All thinking but no study makes people lazy. "

Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. "A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others." he said.

If only one person deserves (值得) the name of the greatest English writer of all time, that person should be William Shakespeare. His popular sayings, like "to be or not to be, that is a question", and his stories such as the tragedy (悲剧), Romance of Romeo and Juliet, are almost known in every corner of the world.

By 1594, Wlliam Shakespeare had become a key playwright of a popular acting company in the city. Whether comedy or tragedy, Shakespeare's plays catch people's hearts with-complicated (复杂的) characters and plots (情节) that reflect truths about human nature.

His comedies make fun of human's weakness and always have a happy ending. In A Midsummer Night s Dream ， fairies play mag1cal tricks on people lost in the woods. His tragedies, however, can be very dark. Macbeth tells the story about a Scottish man who becomes the king by killing all his enemies.

Shakespeare's works also have a big influence on the English language. He is a master of words. He coined about 1, 700 English words, including everyday ones like "lonely". "hurry" and "critical", according to the New York Post.

Of course, Shakespeare wrote 400 years ago and his English was very different from that of today. But it doesn't affect his popularity. His plays have been translated into every major language and are performed more often than any other playwright. There are over 400 films and TV dramas adapted (改编) from his work. Shakespeare is not for an age, but for all time.

In the state of Qin, there was a man called Shang Yang. He was a statesman（政治家）and worked out many reforms（改革）, like focusing（关注）on farming and giving rewards（奖励）

To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the capital of Qin. Many people came to see him.

Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly

It was a simple job and the reward was large. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought Shang was joking.

Hearing no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, "The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces. "

This offer was unbelievable. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang gave the man 50 gold pieces.

After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang did at the south gate. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang began carrying out his reforms, the people followed him. Under these great reforms unified all the states, becoming the first empire of China.

Credibility（诚信）is very important for everyone. It will help people believe what they say and respect them.