人物传记类 知识点题库

    Lao Tzu was a philosopher (哲学家） in ancient China. He  (work) as an archivist（档案保管员）in imperial library, which gave him the chance to read more and learn a great deal of knowledge. As a result he got a large  (number )of students and fans. And it is said that even the famous Chinese philosopher,Confucius, heard about Lao Tzu, and came to  (visit) him.

    Lao Tzu believed that the human life, like everything else in the world, is influenced by outside forces. He believed "simplicity"to be the key to  (true), encouraging people to watch and think  (careful)to understand the laws of nature.He also advised people to build up  (person )power, and use it for leading a good life with love.

    Here are several  ( amaze) /quotes (语录）of Lao Tzu. I believe you will learn a lot from them.

    When you accept  (you), the whole world accepts you.

    He who talks more is sooner tired.

    A journey of a thousand miles begin  one step.

    If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.

    Knowledge is a treasure,  practice is the key to it.

    To become learned, each day add something.

    Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born in 1835, in the state of Missouri. When he was four, his family moved to the town of Hannibal, Missouri. Hannibal was a port on the Missippi River, and Clemens loved to watch the big steamboats going up and down the river. He said that all the boys in his school had one ambition in life: to work on a steamboat!

    His father died when he was just 12 years old, and Clemens then went to work for a printer to help support his family. He travelled around, and worked in many different cities. But when he was 22, he achieved his ambition—he got a job working on a steamboat. He sailed up and down the wide Missippi River until the American Civil War began.

    He then moved around America, and tried several jobs. He was a soldier, and a silver miner. Then he started working as a writer for a newspaper. It was at that time that he decided to use a pen name for his stories, and he chose the name "Mark Twain".

    The name is interesting. It comes from his days on the steamboats. He used to throw a piece of rope into the river. There was a heavy weight on the end of the rope, and the rope had some marks on it. He used the rope to find how deep the river was. Then he shouted out, "Mark One" or "Mark Twain", meaning "Mark Two". Each mark was about two metres, so when he shouted "Mark Twain", it meant that the river was deep enough for the big boat.

    In 1865 Clemens wrote a story about a jumping frog. The story and the writer became famous. In 1867 he toured Europe. He married when he returned, and lived for most of the rest of his in Harfort, Connecticut. He wrote many books, including The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, which he wrote in 1876. He also gave many lectures, and became a very famous and popular man.

    Once two of his friends decided to write to him, but they had lost his address. So on the envelope they just wrote "Mark Twain, God knows where". Several weeks later, they received a replay from the writer. It just said, "He does!"

    Samuel Clemens died in 1910. He is considered to be one of America's most important writers.

Kato Lomb was born at an exciting time. It was 1909 in Budapest, and the world that she grew up in was going to see great changes.

After getting her degree in physics, she looked for the job everywhere, but failed. She saw little hope of getting a job in the scientific fields. So she decided to teach English. She just had to learn it first. In her language learning Kato started reading cheap but exciting novels, carrying a dictionary with her all the time.

Her way of language learning made sense --if the story is exciting enough, it can keep you going past what you don't understand. In the end, you can-pick up what you need from the context. The reading took her further than she could have imagined. After the end of the Second World War, she began a long and successful career of interpretation and translation. In fact she was one of the first professional simultaneous interpreters in the world. Simultaneous interpretation is a job much more difficult than translation as all the work happens in real time. Not stopping at English, she learned French, Russian, Polish, Chinese, Japanese and quite a few other languages that she used to work as a translator.

Kato believed that interest was the most important part of language leaning. Grammar could always come later if you were excited about learning and understanding new words in the language. No matter what language she was learning she always believed she could complete the task and could keep studying her whole life.

    Confucius (孔子) is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born on September 28,551BC (公元前) in the Kingdom of Lu, in today's Shandong Province. When he was young, he and his mother had a hard life. At the age of fifteen, he began to learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went on learning other subjects. When he was thirty, he became a teacher. He started his own school. He believed everyone should have a chance to get education whether (无论) they were rich or poor. He had about 3,000 students and many of them became famous.

    Chinese see Confucius as the greatest thinker and also the greatest teacher. His most important ideas are kindness and good manners. He said young people should take care of the old. People should stop thinking of themselves and work for others. His ideas are around in people's everyday life. Today people can still hear them, and they go far into east and south Asia.

Ming Wang, a young office worker, inherited a large sum of money after his parents died, but he wasn't happy at all. When his college friends were looking for their jobs, he didn't have to Ming decided to live a simple life like everyone else. He gave half of his money to charity to help poor children live a happy life. Today, he still wears cheap shoes, clothes and drives a small car, but he is very pleased.

Up to now, Ming has funded some children from poor countries all over the world. The money has been used for children's study, food, medicine and clothing. Ming receives a report each year on the children's progress. They can write to each other, but usually the children do not speak English.

Ming remembered that when he first heard about these children, he immediately decided to help them. "It was nothing special," he said, "I didn't know anything about their life until I went to these countries and met the children I am helping." Once Ming went to meet a little girl in Africa. He said that the meeting was very exciting. "When I met her, I felt very happy. And I saw that the money was used for a good cause. It brought me happiness. I want to do everything I can to go on helping those children."

Most people will rest and relax when they are old. They do not work. And most people are certainly not famous. But Grandma Moses is different. She started a new job at the age of 70.

This is her story. She was born in a poor farmer's family in 1860. Her parents named her Anna Mary Robertson. She married Thomas Moses in 1887. He was a farm worker.

In 1930, Anna Mary Moses was 70, and was a grandmother. She began to paint pictures. She drew paintings of country life. One day, her daughter took her paintings to a store in town. Her paintings were put in the window. A man from New York saw them and bought them. And he wanted more!

The man liked Grandma Moses's paintings. He wanted to help her. So he took her paintings to galleries (美术馆) in New York City. Otto Kallir had a famous gallery there. He liked the paintings. When it was 1940 and Grandma Moses' paintings were in Kallir's gallery. She was 80 years old.

Grandma Moses suddenly became famous. Everyone wanted her paintings. So she painted more and more. She won many prizes for her paintings. She became famous in the United States and Europe.

When she was 100 years old, the State of New York made her birthday "Grandma Moses' Day". After her 100th birthday, she painted 6 more paintings. She died at the age of 101 and a lot of people think she is amazing.

    George Stephenson was born in 1781 in a poor family. He had to start to work when he was only eight. When George was fourteen, he became his father's helper. He spent a lot of time learning about engines (发动机). And on holidays he often took one engine into pieces and studied each piece carefully. Soon he became a very good worker though (尽管) he could not read or write. He began to learn the English letters when he was seventeen years old. Every day after he did twelve hours' hard work, he walked a long way to have lessons from a young school teacher. On his eighteenth birthday, he wrote his own name for the first time in his life. George invented (发明) many things in his life. The train was the greatest one among them. Today when we take trains from one place to another, we'll think of this great man—George Stephenson.

    Zhang Peng is a good student. On weekdays, he gets up at six in the morning. He has breakfast at home. Then he reads English from 6:30 to 7:00. He goes to school at seven. He has four classes in the morning. He has lunch at school, but on Sundays, he has lunch at home with his family. He has 3 classes in the afternoon. He leaves school at 5:00 p.m. He often has supper (晚饭) at home. In the evening, he sometimes watches TV. Sometimes he does his homework. He goes to bed at ten o'clock every day.

The great Chinese composer(作曲家) had different names in different places. In China, he is remembered as Xian Xinghai, one of the greatest musicians. In Kazakhstan(哈萨克斯坦)，he was known as Huang Xun, a poor person with amazing talent.

Wherever he went, his music gave people courage and strength to fight against enemies during wartime. His Yellow River Cantata once encouraged millions of people. President Xi Jinping told the composer's story when he visited Kazakhstan in 2013.

When the war broke out in 1941, the composer was working in Moscow. He stopped working and tried to return home through Kazakhstan. But because of the war, he was left alone in the Kazakh city of Almaty. He was sitting on his suitcase with a violin in hand when Kazakh musician Baikadamov noticed him. Baikadamov spoke Kazakh and Russian,     ▲     the composer replied in English and French." But it was clear that the Chinese musician really needed help. So my father just took his hand and led him to us, " Baikadamov's daughter said. "From then on they became great friends. Together they overcame the wartime hardships and wrote a new chapter(篇章)in the history of music. "

Touched by the story, Chinese film-maker Shen Jian has turned it into a movie The Composer. We can learn more about the great composer in the movie.

George Gershwin's first song came out when he was just eighteen years old. During the next twenty years, until his death, he1more than five hundred songs.

Many of George Gershwin's songs were first written for musical2performed in theaters in New York City. These comedies, with plenty of3 ， were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.

Many songs that George Gershwin wrote for musical plays and movies have been as4as ever. Over the years, they have been sung and played in5__possible way—from jazz to country music.

George Gershwin6in 1937，just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty nine years old.7all over the world reported his death on8front pages. Everyone mourned(哀痛) the death of the man and all the music he had written. George Gershwin is still regarded as9of America's greatest composers (作曲家). His works are still performed by many singers and groups. They are10performed more often than any other serious American composer's.

Li Bai was a great poet(诗人) in ancient China. Here's a story of (he).

When Li Bai was young, he played a lot and didn't study hard. He enjoyed things such as (watch) little birds in the trees and (pick) fruits on the hills in his free time.

One day, he (see) an old woman by the river when he was playing there. The old woman was grinding an iron pestle(磨铁杵).

Li Bai asked, " are you grinding the iron pestle?" "I want to make it into a needle(针), "the old woman answered. Li Bai thought it was fun and said, "Let me have try." Then he took the iron pestle and started to grind it. He got tired after (work) for minutes. Then he said, " Oh, it's so difficult. I think you could never get it done. The old woman said, " it's not easy to make the pestle into a needle, I can do it if I keep working hard.

The old woman's (word) made Li Bai think a lot. He kept them in mind. From then on, he studied very hard, and in the end, he (become) a great poet.

It's a beautiful day for a walk in the woods. But as you turn around a bend (转弯处) and (raise) your head, you see a big face looking at you. A monster! Don't worry. It's not going (eat) you. It's a sculpture (雕像) by Danish artist Thomas Dambo. And it's made out of trash!

When Dambo was a boy, he enjoyed (build) things like tree houses. But Dambo had no money (buy) the materials he needed. So he would bike around his neighborhood looking for trash that he (recycle) for his" big projects".

That childhood hobby (have) now become a career(职业) for Dambo. Today, you can find Dambo's "trash" structures all over the world.

Dambo wants people (look) at trash differently. More importantly, he wants people to realize the importance of recycling. The artist (teach)children to build things from recycled materials. Now they can (make) birdhouses from old pieces of wood, carpets(地毯)from plastic bags, and lots more.

Next time you take out your trash can, take a closer look. Let your imagination run wild and see what treasures might (hide) in your trash!

    What's your favourite cartoon? It may be difficult for you(decide). But for the pianist Lang Lang, Tom and Jerry is the(good) one.

    When Lang Lang was two years old, he(see) Tom play the piano. It was the first time that he enjoyed(west) music and this experience encouraged him to learn to playpiano.

    His talent for playing the piano(take) him from Shenyang to the world. Lang Lang became a good piano student at three. Ever since, the boy has been doing better and better. In 1997, the 15-year-old boy studied at a famous American music college.

    Lang Lang's performances are energetic. He is well-known for making facial（面部的）expressions and moving around while(play) the piano.

    The waysuccess has never been easy. Lang Lang's father quit（放弃）his job to look after him,his mother stayed in Shenyang to make money. But Lang Lang thinkslucky and believes he should give something back. He has helped the children in poor areas a lot.

Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice had been his life goal. Dr Yuan searched for a way to produce more crops in the same(田地). In 1974, he became the first agricultural (先锋) in the world to grow rice. Now more than60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid rice.

Yuan Longping is one of (著名的) scientists in China. (然而),he considered himself a farmer and he was quite satisfied with his (简单的) life. He didn't care about being rich. He felt it gave him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his (爱好). He enjoyed listening to violin music, playing mahjong, (游泳) and reading. .

Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also meant very little to him. Indeed, he believed that a person with too much money had more rather than (更少的)troubles. He therefore gave (千) of yuan to support others in their research in agriculture.

Dr. Yuan's work for the Chinese people made him a hero in China. He (记得) by us Chinese people forever.

Born in Czechoslovakia(捷克斯洛伐克), 91-year-old Milan Kundera is one of  (famous) novelists around the world. This year, he has become the  (twenty) receiver of the France Kafka Prize, which was set up   (remember) another famous novelist Franz Kafka. The prize began to be presented in 2002. So far, 20 people  (win) the prize, and the other receivers include Chinese writer Yan Lianke. People who  (give) the prize will get 10,000 dollars and a bronze statue(雕塑) of Kafka.

As the son of concert pianist, Kundera studied music from a young age, then he gradually turn to writing, which has been his lifelong career. One of Kundera's popular (work) is The unbearable lightness of being. It first came out English and French in 1984. The next year, the Czech version(版本) of the work came out, but it was not allowed in Czechoslovakia 1989. The novel were enjoyed by the public, especially after it was made into a film.

Kundera's works are spoken highly of. He has made a great contribution to Czech culture.

Kitts is one of "Tomorrow's people"—people who have electronic body parts. She has an electronic arm. One year, Kitts lost her arm in a truck accident. She felt angry and sad. She couldn't accept it. But then she heard a piece of good news that a doctor could use her remaining nerves (神经) in her shoulder to fix an electronic arm.

Before long, the doctor decided to move Kitts's nerves to different areas of her top arm. For months, the nerves grew and moved deeper into their new homes gradually. After three months she started feeling a little painful. The doctor helped her a lot to reduce (减少) pains. A month later, her pains disappeared and she got her new electronic arm. An engineer worked with Kitts to connect the computer programs with her real movements more and more closely.

Today, Kitts's arm is great, but it's not yet perfect as normal people. She wants feelings in her hands. For example, she needs to feel whether something is smooth or not. She also needs feelings to do one of her favorite things—drinking coffee. One time at a coffee shop, she, together with her friends, wanted to drink coffee as they talked happily. However, her hand kept closing until it broke the coffee paper cup. "One day I'll be able to feel things with it, and clap my hands to the songs my kids are singing…" she said with hope and pride.

Mozart was a very important composer(作曲家). He was born in 1756 in Austria and died in 1791. At the age of three, he often had music lessons with his sister. His father took him to many different countries and he played music for lots of people, even he gave concerts in many cities.

There was a famous story about Mozart. When he was young, he can write music. But some people didn't believe a little boy could write such beautiful music. They asked him to stay in a room all by himself for a week and somebody watched the room all the time. In a week, he finished a new piece of music. After that, people believed that he could write beautiful music.

Mozart died when he was still a young man. During his short life he studied music, taught music, played music and wrote music. Even by working so hard, he couldn't make much money. Because he had little money, Mozart didn't live a rich life. So he often had to borrow money from his friends. But his music made him happy and for more than two hundred years his music has made other people happy as well.

78-year-old Li Zhenhai has been greening mountains for over 30 years. In all, he has completed the afforestation（植树造林）of more than 2,000 mu of land and has planted more than 600,000 trees. Over the years, he has donated young trees worth more than 4 million yuan. He was awarded the title of National Model of Greening and Afforestation in 2006, and received the National Green Gold Great Wall Medal in 2018.

Li was born in 1944 in Shandong province. In 1973, he came to Daur to visit relatives. To pass time, he collected mushrooms, fungus and hazelnuts and earned more than 300 yuan a week. That was what he used to earn in his hometown in a year. So he decided to stay there a live a better life.

In the following years, Li and his wife lived a quiet and comfortable life by farming. But a sudden rainstorm in 1980 washed away their land. Therefore, he decided to plant trees to make a living and protect the local environment.

Seeing he was strong-willed, his wife decided to go up into the mountains with him.

Life in the mountains was very hard. There was no electricity and mosquitoes were everywhere. There were no vegetable fields, so they had to pick wild vegetables to feed themselves. They had little for rest. Planting trees in spring is the hardest. Every morning, they had to move the young trees up to the mountain, and work for more than 10 hours every day.

What's worse, because of a lack of（缺乏）technology and planting experience, less than 10% of the young trees could survive in the first seven years. So Li began to read various forestry magazines. Their hard work attracted support from the local government including technology and money. Thanks to that, more than 95% of the pine trees could grow well.

They have also put their experience in planting trees in a guidebook to share with the villagers, to encourage others to take up afforestation.

And now Li Zhenhai's biggest wish is that everyone plants a few trees every year. He believes the desert will finally become an oasis by doing this.

Ready, set, jump

    For skydivers, the sky isn't the limit. It's just the beginning. Thousands of people try skydiving each year. Some only jump once, while others go on to experience life-long adventures, flying and turning over through the air.

    Skydiving is method of leaving an airplane and returning to the earth with the help of gravity, then slowing down by using parachute(降落伞). It may include more or less free-fall, a time during which the parachute has not been used and the body gradually accelerates(加速)to the highest speed.

    There are three choices for the beginners. However, before you try skydiving, a ground course on safety is required. The first method is accelerated free-fall. You jump out of the plane while being held by two coaches, one on either side. They hold onto you until you open your parachute. The second method is called static line. After jumping out, you will experience free-fall for a second or two. Then the weight of your body will pull the line tight, opening the parachute.

    Tandem(串联)is the most popular because it is the easiest. You and the coach are tied together, the coach behind, with you in front. You jump out of the plane together, and the coach takes care of opening the parachute.

    For each of these three methods, the coaches give instructions in the air with hand signals(信号)or radio. If you are eager to try something challenging and would love to feel the freedom of flying, skydiving might be an adventure for you. Who knows? With risk and excitement mixed together, skydiving might just change your life.