科普环保类 知识点题库

   Protecting (保护) wild animals is our duty. Because wild animals are important to us. They live with us on the earth together. If there are no animals on the earth, we will not live on, 1. So we should take good care2 them to help us live a healthy life.3some people still don’t realize the 4of protecting wild animals. They often kill wild animals for food or for money. Every day there are many wild animals being 5. So lots of wild animals have died out (灭绝). We can’t see them any more. Today the number of wild animals 6 becoming smaller and smaller. If we don’t protect them, they will all die out. If this goes on, there will be no animals left on the earth.7, more and more people have begun to do many things to help protect wild animals. They ask people 8 killing wild animals. They get people to know that protecting wild animals is one of the most important things. Now many countries have made 9 laws (法律) to protect wild animals.
   Now that (既然) wild animals are so important to man, we should do our 10to protect them and it means human beings can make friends with animals and get on well with them.

    We sometimes call the lion “the king of the jungle (丛林)"because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals. It can run faster than many animals and it can hunt (捕猎) the best. It is the highest animal in the 1 food chain (食物链).
    In the sea, the shark is one of the animals at the 2of the food chain. It can swim faster than most other sea animals, and it can use its big teeth to eat them.
    What is at the top of the world's food chain? 3 are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the 4  We could not run faster than cheetahs (猎豹),  so we 5 cars and now we can move the fastest. We could not 6 better than lions, so we invented guns (枪). Now we can hunt the best.
    People's inventions are clever, but they can be dangerous, too. For example, people invented7, and now they make the air and rivers dirty. This can make 8 changes. Dirty rivers kill fish.  Then bears cannot eat the fish and the bears die. If we kill one part of the food chain, 9 also die. Remember that we are a part of the food chain, so we are in danger too! If we protect animals, we are protecting 10! We should and we could do something for the world!

   Is your schoolbag too heavy? The e-schoolbag will help you. It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into 1 in Chinese middle schools soon.
   Heavy schoolbags have been a serious 2 for a long time. But the e-schoolbag will  3. An e-schoolbag is 4 lighter than a usual schoolbag. Perhaps, the e-schoolbag should be 5 an e-textbook. It is a small computer for students. It is as 6 as a usual book, 7 it can still have all the things for study, such as textbooks, exercise books and so on which can be made 8 chips(芯片) like stamps. The students can read the text page by page on the screen, take notes, or even send e-mails to their teachers. They only need to 9 the right chip into the e-schoolbag. Then they can use it.
   Some people say 10 e-textbooks can be easily broken, while others say it is not good for eyes. But only time will tell.

看图短文填空

   

China has the largest number of smokers in the world. Each year, about one million Chineseof smoking related illnesses. smoking is a bad habit, people still enjoy smoking. Why? Because some of them think it is a kind of fashion. Official statistics (统计) in 2011 showed that China 300 million smokers, with another 540 million people forced to breathe in.

    Chinapart in the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (《世界烟草控制框架公约》) in 2006. Governments at different levels have paid more money to tobacco control in the last few years. Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou have tobacco control rules. For example, Smoking in has not been allowed since January, 2011.

    Selling tobacco to less younger than 18 is not . The seller should ask the buyer to his or her ID card if he can not see old the buyer is.

    Smoking is harmful and it is not only bad for smokers themselves, butbad for non-smokers. For others andfor yourself, please give up .

根据短文理解，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案填空。

    Many years ago, people lived a hard life. They couldn't use modern machines, because there was 1 one at that time. Today people have a better life but there are new problems. One of biggest problems is it has 2 our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and affects our 3 water. We call it water pollution. Noise pollution makes us talk more 4 and become angry 5. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It affects all living things in the world. Machines and factories 6 our air every day. Sometimes the pollution is so 7 that it is like a blanket (毯子）covering a city. Many countries are making new laws to reduce pollution. We must clean 8  water before we 9 them into some place. We need to do many other things to protect our environment. We must put rubbish into dustbins 10 throwing them about. We can go to work by bus, on foot, or with friends in a car. If we do like that every day, our environment will be better.

完形填空

    We know the earth is a planet．There are seven other planets，and they go  1 the sun together．The eight planets and the sun are2 the solar system．The first planet，3   the sun，is Mercury(水星)．It is 58 miIlion  4  from the sun．Venus(金星)is the second planetfrom the sun，and  5 planet，the earth，is the third．It is from the sun,and 55  planet,the earth,is the third.It is 2,650 million kilometres from the sun．

    Jupiter(木星)，Saturn(土星)，Neptune(海王星)and Uranus(天王星)are all 6 than the earth，7 Venus，Mars and Mercury are smaller than the earth．

    Animals，trees and humans can only 8  on the earth，because the other planets in our solar system don't  9  air or water．Do any  10planets in   solar systems have life?We don't know about it．

阅读理解

A

    Last week, 36 students in Linyi, Shandong Province, wore beautiful clothes in a show. Their clothes were made of all kinds of waste things.

    The show gave the students a chance to make clothes with their own hands. It also helped them learn to make good use of waste things.

    "We hope to save energy. Our world is short of energy, so I don't want to throw old things away," said Xie Jing at Linyi Art School. Xie had more than 20 CDs from her family and friends. "Though the CDs are old, I look very cool in them!" she said.

    Wang Dandan, a student from the same school, looked like a farmer in her straw (稻草) coat and hat. She picked the straws from the fields and put them all together. "I want to show what people wore in the past," she said.

    Du Yue made clothes like astronauts' clothes. Her clothes were white. When she walked, she tried to be slow. It looked like she was walking on the Moon. "I wish that I could walk on the Moon!" she said.

任务型阅读。阅读下文并回答问题。

    National Eye Care Day on June 6th is a good chance for us to improve our eye health. What are common eye problems we have today? How can we protect our eyes? Read on to find out the answer.

    Eyes are important in our everyday life. We use them to read books, see colors and view the wonders of the world. But sometimes, we use them too much and it hurts them.

    In the past , nearsightedness（近视）was a common eye problem among children . This is mostly because of their bad eye habits, such as watching TV too long and reading books in bed .

    However , today's technology is changing the way we live . Children spend more time working and playing in front of computers , smart phones and iPads . US children spend more than 42 hours a week in front of electronic screens（电子屏幕）, US'ABC news reported .

    This has caused a new problem for our eyes : digital（数字的）eyestrain（眼疲劳）. People with digital eyestrain may get headaches , dry and red eyes , eye pain , watering and other eye problems .But don't worry . The following tips can help you protect your eyes . Try them out .

Screen advice :

⒈ When you are watching electronic screens , keep them at least 30 cm from your eyes . Try not to use your smart phone in direct sunlight .

⒉ Blink（眨眼）more often when you are looking at the screen . This can help to stop dry eyes .

⒊ Remember to take a 20-20-20 break : every 20 minutes , take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet ( about 6 meters ) away .

⒋ Spend less time in front of screens . One to two hours a day is OK for your eyes .

阅读下面材料, 从每题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    A major development to self-driving cars may change the way we will drive in the future. Google, the leading company in self-driving technology, has changed its develop plan. It had driverless cars built by car factories, but now it will start building its own cars.

    Google has started to build some kinds of experimental electric self- driving cars that look like a Smart car or Fiat 500. There is no steering wheel(方向盘), gas pedal or brake. The only things a human passenger controls are a red "e-stop" button (按钮) for fear stops and a start button. The car's only "friendly" face is designed to make it help people accept self-driving technology.

Google workers took part in a long experiment, in which they used self-driving cars for their usual travel to work. No accident happened, but Google's heads realized that depending on a human passenger to drive in an emergency(紧急情况) wouldn't work because they may be reading, working , or sleeping. Now the self-driving car drives by itself if the driver takes his hands off the wheel for over ten seconds.

Google recently announced that its cars had covered 700,000 miles of public roads, and they were now running in busy city streets. People who love self-driving cars say this will improve transport by making roads safer, cutting down accident, and making less pollution.

    Of course, there's no need to look for parking at a crowded shopping mall. Instead, users could let their self-driving cars drop them off to park itself. A mother who took a test ride said that having the car would allow her more time to catch up with her son. The cars could also allow people who might not be able to drive to enjoy the hand-free driving. And drunk driving? Not a problem. It is very likely that by 2020, driverless cars will be common. Do you believe so?

 

先通读下面短文，读懂大意，然后从后面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

    Can you get free plastic bags from supermarkets now? I'm afraid you can't. Things have changed.

    Free plastic bags can't be used at shops and supermarkets in China, and people have to pay for plastic bags. Because our country tried to make litter1.

    The Chinese once used about 3, 000, 000,000 plastic shopping bags a day. They are2to break, most of them can be used only once. And some people throw them away here and there, they have caused pollution for the environment. If they are burnt, they may cause bigger troubles. For example, they may cause illness for us. So the Chinese people3to bring their own bags for shopping. Some students come up with a good idea. They make the shopping bags by 4. They use old clothes to make cloth bags, and send them to their parents as presents. They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead. They think it is their5to protect the environment.

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

    Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful.

Fire can keep your house 1, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things 2 . Big fire can burn trees, houses, animals and people.

    Nobody knows how people began to use fire.  But there are 3interesting old stories about how a man or a woman started a fire. One is4 a man. The man 5 a very long time ago. He went up to the Sun and 6 fire down.

    Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴). Children sometimes 7 to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and 8 it can burn a house. A small fire can turn into a big fire very quickly. So you   9 be careful with matches.

    Be careful with fire, and it will 10 you. But if you aren't careful with fire, it may hurt you.

完形填空

    There was a small village near the mountain. There were a lot of trees in the mountain. People in the 1always got something from the mountain, such as animals and trees. When they wanted to 2a house, they cut down the trees. And they also killed the animals for 3. Trees were very 4in their daily life. They made tables, chairs 5beds by cutting down the trees. In addition, when they 6meals, they still used some trees for wood. However, they only cut down trees but 7planted new trees. So the trees were fewer and fewer and the animals were becoming 8as well.

    One summer, it rained 9in the village. The rain lasted for about a week. The soil and the stones on the mountain fell down and soon 10the whole village. They finally realized they couldn't only cut down trees but also needed to protect them.

阅读下面短文。从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。(共10小题，每小题1.5分)

    There was a small village near the mountain. There were a lot of trees in the mountain. People in the 1 always got something from it, such as animals and trees.  When they wanted to 2 a house, they cut down the trees. And they also killed the animals for 3 . Trees were very 4 in their daily life. They made tables, chairs 5   beds by cutting down the trees. In addition, when they 6 meals, they still used some trees for wood. However, they only cut down trees but 7planted new trees. So the trees were fewer and fewer; the animals were becoming 8 as well.

    One summer, it rained 9in the village. The rain lasted for about a week. The soil(土壤)and the stones on the mountain fell down and soon 10  the whole village. They finally knew they should not only cut down trees but also needed to protect them.

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

    As we know, life today has many problems. One of the biggest is 1, such as water pollution, air pollution, 2 pollution and so on. Water pollution makes our rivers and lakes 3. It kills fish and pollutes our drinking water. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. 4 bad for living things in the world. Noise pollution 5 us talk louder and become angry 6.

    The Earth is 7 home and we must save it. We can't 8 rubbish here and there. We should go to work and school 9 bus or with our friends in the same car. Everybody 10 save the Earth.

完形填空

    Hi, friends!1 me! I2Africa. And now I live in a zoo in the south of China. People always3 that animals are their friends, but they don't treat (对待) us as true friends.

    Every day, many people come here to4me. It seems (看起来) that I can make them very happy. But I don't like to live here,5I don't have many friends. And people think sometimes I am dangerous, so I have to be in the same6all day. It's boring for me. And in my hometown (家乡), people7many of my friends for their ivory. They are in great8. I don't want to live here. I want to go back to nature (大自然) and9 a happy life. Do you know who I am? I'm a(n)10.

    Please come and save us.

完形填空

    Each one of us shares this planet with about seven billion others. And we all need1. People and products need to move from city to city and country to country. However, we all know2most cars, motorcycles, boats and planes cause air pollution. They are also noisy. This is a serious problem in many cities.3inventors are coming up with creative ideas to try to reduce the air pollution and noise.

    In many cities around the world, motorcycles are very4. Now Vietnam has around 33 million motorcycles and China has almost 120 million, Motorcycles are a faster and cheaper way to get around a city than5. Yet air pollution is a growing problem. In large cities, people complain it is difficult to breathe. To solve these problems, a US company designed an environmentally friendly motorcycle. It uses electricity as fuel (燃料). As a result, there is6pollution. It's also quiet and fast. This makes it a good choice for getting around a city.

    The Italian city of Venice is a city with only a few roads. There are no cars in the city centre.7cars, water taxis and buses carry people along the city's canals. However, they cause pollution,8to the water. English engineers Dick and Jem designed a solar powered(太阳能的) water taxi. The water taxi can run for a day after being charged.

    Planes also cause air and noise pollution. Designing an environmentally-friendly airplane is a real9. Some airplane companies have10to solve the problems. Swiss engineers have gone one step further. They developed a solar airplane. This plane holds the world record for the longest solar powered flight—1, 541 kilometres from Arizona to Texas in America.

完形填空

    There have been many great inventions that change the way we live. The first great 1was one that is still very important today-the wheel. This made it easy for man 2heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that, there were 3inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800's the world started to change 4. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much anymore. In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made.      5them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These have all become a big part of our life today.

    The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909. Movies 6sound in 1926. The computer in 1928. And jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new 7was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. Of course new inventions continued to be made. Man began looking 8 ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took another. Since then other countries，including China and Japan,9their steps into space. In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. 10first walked on the moon. This was certainly just a beginning. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.

完形填空

    It does not always come easy to discover oneself. From a young age, I had a strong sense of whom I was to become, 1an accident made me redefine (重新定义) myself.

    To me, skating was above all. There was2else in this world that filled my heart with such joy. I spent twenty— four hours a week practicing my3. Having no social life or interests but skating, my devotion (挚爱) brought me first place medals in nearly every4.

    Unfortunately, in one show, I fell down and hurt myself5. After several X-rays and MRI (磁共振) scans, the6told me that I couldn't return to my sport any more. The pain in my back was hard to bear and even the7daily tasks became difficult.

    As my passion (激情) was8, I had little sense of whom I was to become. After eight months of suffering, something had to9. Instead of wasting my days sitting around painfully, I began to put my10into local community service projects. By volunteering11a swimming teacher and summer reading assistant for kids, I got an idea of whom I12to become. After a few months, I devoted time to my interest in the arts. Little by little, I13out of the shadow (阴影) and rebuilt my confidence.

    Sometimes, some14rocks block (阻碍) our way. We can choose to stay behind or try to climb over. My accident was a rock that15to stop me from reaching success. Today I'm a very confident and optimistic person.

完形填空。

    Old tires（轮胎）are no good for a car, right? But they can be good for another way of 1:walking!

    In Zimbabwe, people 2 throw away old tires. They use old tires to 3 sandals （凉鞋）. One of these people is Casper Mamutse.

    When Casper first saw Isaac wearing tire sandals, he thought they looked 4. He asked Isaac where he 5 them. Isaac said he made them himself. Casper 6 to buy a pair to make his friends laugh. But his friends didn't laugh. They wanted their own. So Casper asked Isaac to  7him to make tire sandals.

    Casper says, "The most 8 part of making sandals is to put a shoe sole（鞋底）on the tire and cuts out a sole with a 9. That needs power（力量）and skills. You also need to be 10, or you will cut your finger easily. "

    From one tire, Casper can make about four pairs of sandals for adults（成年人）or about six for children.

阅读短文，从每题 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。

    Your brain controls everything you do. It makes it1for you to think, learn, create and feel; to blink (眨眼) and breathe and for your heart to beat—this fantastic control center is your2 .

    Can this small grey organ (器官) , which   3 less than one and a half kilos, really do so much? Amazingly, your brain contains about 100 billion neurons (神经元) —it would 4you over 3,000 years to count them all. Believe it or not, the 5  in your brain never stops. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the world. And although one neuron6only a little electricity, all your neurons together can 7 enough electricity to supply a light bulb (灯泡).

    So exactly how fast does your brain work? Well, imagine this: A bee lands on your foot. Neurons in your skin send this information to your brain8a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses  9 neurons to send the message back to your foot to shake the bee off 10. These neurons can send this11at more than 320 kilometers per hour. No computer has your brain's unbelievable ability to deal with the amount of information coming from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.

    But how does your brain allow you12 things that you will use in the future?  The structure (结 构) of your brain changes every time you have a new13, remember or learn something. For example, riding a bike seems impossible at first, 14  soon you are able to do it. How? As you practice, your brain 15“bike riding” messages again  and again.  Soon, the actions are learned and you are able to ride a bike easily from then on.