科普环保类 知识点题库

 Many kids want to help keep the environment clean but don’t know where to start. 1 , even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here is how:

 Don't litter. Litter can  2our water and that could do harm to us and to wildlife.

 Recycle bottles, paper and plastic. This is a good3to develop and can really make a difference.

4 turn off lights and electronic devices（设备）when they are not being used.

 Use your 5or walk to nearby locations rather than riding in a car. Encourage your friends and family to 6the same.

 Don’t throw your old clothes or toys away. Give 7 to a local charity（慈善组织）or a friend that may need them.

8 wasting plastic bags by bringing your own reusable cloth bags to stores.

 If you see litter,  9  .

By following these tips and using them in your everyday life, you will make the world a 10 place. It's never too late to start, and what better time is there than right now?

The weather is closely related(联系) to our life. It is all around us all the time. It is an important part of our lives. We cannot control it, but it often controls how and 1 we live, what we do, what we wear and what we eat. Read this passage and learn 2 about the weather.

      What is the weather?

The weather is just the state of the atmosphere 3any time, such as temperature, wind, 4 ,sun,etc.

      What makes the weather change?

As we know, not every place on the earth gets the same amount of sunlight. Some places get 5 sunlight, so it's warmer in those places. However, some places get little 6 no sunlight in winter. Then those places have colder temperatures. These differences in temperature make the air and water7 around the earth. The movement helps to take the heat energy from the sun across the earth. So the 8 changes.

     What's the difference between weather and climate?

    Climate is a place's weather over a long time. The weather changes from day to day and  9 from hour to hour. It can be sunny in the morning and cold and wet in the afternoon. But the climate changes very   10over lots of years. 

    As we know, we all need a healthy environment. I wonder  1  we can work to reduce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)around us. Well, here 2  some ways to follow.

    ▲Only turn the water heater  3 when necessary, and the temperature controls to avoid overheating. Put a lid on a pan when boiling water.

    ▲When using the washing machine, be sure there's a full load and turn the temperature down  4  it's not really dirty.

    ▲Save energy by using efficient(节能的) light bulbs. They use about 5  the energy of normal bulbs and last 10 times as long.

    ▲Each week, choose one day when you don't eat meat. Meat uses up lots of energy because it  6 a long time to produce.

    ▲Food production eats up lots of energy. When you buy food, go local rather than imported(进口的), and get fresh vegetables  7 frozen(冷冻的).

    ▲Take showers rather than baths and reduce your shower time by two minutes. This  8 water and give you an extra two minutes in bed.

    ▲ Look for something reusable and recyclable, and remember  9  your reusable shopping bags!

We can do more things to recycle  10 we can reduce carbon dioxide in the air and we all have a strong and healthy body.

    Look at the koala! It is 1 lovely that I want to touch it. How much do you know about koalas, especially a baby koala? Let's look at it.

    A newborn koala is smaller than a peanut. For the first few months the baby 2 inside its mother's pouch(育儿袋), and drinks its mother's milk.

    By the age of 5 3, its eyes are open and it can look out 4 the pouch. It still stays there.

     About six months after the baby is born, it leaves its mother's pouch for the 5 time for a short time, but it hangs onto its mother's back.

    It is now about 500g. It comes in and out of the pouch. It keeps very close to its 6and returns to the pouch within a few minutes. Gradually the baby will stay out longer.

    By 12 months old, the baby wants to eat only eucalyptus(桉树) 7, no more its mother's milk. The mother koala begins teaching her baby which eucalyptus leaves are 8 to eat.

    A one-year-old koala can 9 on its own, 10 it doesn't often do that. Most young koalas stay with their mothers until they are two or three years old.

A. no longer    B. completely   C. compete    D. given up   E. encourage

   Though the sale of bottled water is still on the rise. Certain policy makers have taken steps to reduce it and  people to drink tap water. In September 2009, the Australian city of Bundanoon became the first city in the world to  stop bottled water from being sold in stores, building water fountains instead.

   Among the cities in America that have taken action are San Francisco and Seattle, which buy water for city use, and Chicago which adds a five-cent tax on each bottle. Several restaurants in those cities have also  bottled water for tap water. Other cities are also considering taking action.

    The lion is one of the most fierce (凶猛的) animals in the world. Lions can be 1 in Africa and India. Lions in Africa can live without water for about one month. Lions are also popular animals in the 2 . Almost every zoo around the world has a few lions.

    It is very 3 for people to tell male and female lions from each other. You can judge (判断) simply by their appearance. A male lion has mane while female lions do not have. Male lion 4 than female lions. A male lion usually weighs about 200 kilograms which is always heavier than a female lion. Both male and female lions have very 5 mouths. They can break the backs of other animals 6. Lions feed on other animals and one lion usually kills between ten and twenty large animals each year for 7 .

    It's unusual for lions to kill people. However, in 1898 two lions 8 and ate over one hundred people in Kenya before they were shot by a British man named P.J. Patterson. This 9 became the subject (主题) of a 1996 Hollywood movie called The Ghost and the Darkness. Now the Indian lions are endangered. It's really necessary for us to 10 the animals, or we won't see them again. Animals are our friends. It is our obligation to protect them.

    A lot of earthquakes happen in the world every year. Why do earthquakes happen? Scientists tell us the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates （板块）. The plates move very slowly. Sometimes they stop and don't move for a long time. When some of the earth's plates move suddenly, an earthquake happens.

    Many earthquakes happen under the sea. Sometimes they happen near mountains. In fact, earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth.

    During an earthquake, the shaking makes rocks rise suddenly and even break openly. Houses fall. People are killed or hurt. Sometimes whole villages or cities are destroyed.

    Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show "earthquake belts". In the areas in these belts, it's possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we can make houses strong enough to sand against earthquakes.

    In the future, scientists will be able to predict（预言） exactly when and where an earthquake will happen. They can tell us what to do and how to do as well.

    Elephants are the largest living animals on land. More than 5001 kinds of elephants were found on the earth over the last 55 million years. Only  2   kinds are still alive today: the African elephant and the Asian (or Indian) elephant. These elephants can only be found in  3   places. However, the older kinds lived in cold places a long time  4 . An example is the mammoth (猛犸象) — the largest hairy elephant.

    The mammoth was the largest living elephant, which was about seven tons. 5  the elephants today, mammoths had black or dark brown hairs 6 their bodies. All the mammoths had tusks (长牙).

    Scientists found most of the extinct (灭绝的) animals by 7  the fossils,  8  their bones and teeth that could be found. However, mammoths are quite different. During the Ice Age, mammoths died and were covered  9 in the ice. The ice kept them very well. So scientists could find the  10  body of the mammoth.

    Many people say that they have seen flying saucers（飞碟） in the sky. 1 can these things be?

    Some people think that they are spaceships from other planets. Doctors 2 that perhaps they are only a weakness of the eyes. It is possible that they are our own planes 3 very high. Or are they birds with the sun's light on them?

    But some people say that they have seen them 4. They have seen beings（人） get off them and walk around. They have 5 to those beings, sometimes in English. People have 6 photos of flying saucers and of these beings. We have seen the photos, but sometimes the people had to take them in a 7. Children have seen flying saucers, and even dogs have seen them. Perhaps we do not think that the 8 of children, or dogs are important. But school-teachers have 9 seen them and Air Force officers and 10 policemen. Must we not listen to these people?

    When you go out for a business trip or weekend, you have to 1 pack your mobile phone, laptop(手提电脑), MP3 player, camera and so on. It's wonderful for you to 2 no batteries, no chargers(充电器) and no wires.

    This is the future “wireless power”. That is 3 of passing on electricity through the air to laptops and other small electrical devices (装置) without the need of wires.  These new devices were4 the first trade products in Las Vegas at the International Consumer Electronics Show, the world's biggest trade 5 for small electrical devices.

    Experts believe this is just the 6. In a world without wires, you can use a laptop in cafes or airports 7 you put an “electricity hotspot” inside and no longer have to search for a charger form your bags. It is said that you will be able to 8 your devices in the room that has wireless power, and then they will get the power 9. If one room has wireless power, you would know that once you walk through the front door, your mobile phone starts charging up, even when it is still in your bag or pocket. You'd never need to 10 the right charger again.

    This kind of technology, named Power Bean, can turn electricity into a laser(激光), then pass it on as heat, across the room.

    It's very important that we all recycle.In nature,everything1 again.For example,when an animal dies,it becomes2 animal's food.Nothing is wasted.But humans have created things like plastic bags which can't be3 down by nature.Our4 kills animals and pollutes water and soil.5 we continue making too much rubbish,the problem will only get worse.If nature can't reuse the rubbish,we must recycle6 .We should clean up the rubbish we've made because nature can't.

    Recycling is also the right thing to do for another reason.The earth is rich in natural materials like water and trees,7 these materials are not endless (无尽的).We use up our natural materials8 faster than the earth is able to reproduce (再生) them.For example,each year we cut9 more than 6,000 square miles of forest.But it takes an average of 25 years for a new tree10 .

    Recycling can help us save the earth,so let's take action right now.

    We are lucky to live in a rich country where we have many things. However, some of us sometimes 1 some things.

    Electricity is one thing that we waste most. Lights, TVs, radios and other things are often kept on. We should turn them off when no one is using them. It 2 less than a second to do it. Anyhow, not wasting electricity 3 money, because we do not have to pay for the electricity we do not use.

    The second thing that we often waste is water. 4 water is precious (珍贵的) and important, so it shouldn't be wasted. It is only a(n) 5 matter of turning off a tap. I am sure everybody can do it 6 if he wants to.

    Another big waste is 7. My mother used to cook so much food that much of it was thrown away. I told her we had wasted so much food. She thought l was 8. And now she cooks only what we can 9 up.

    It is not right to be wasteful. I find there is a simple way of not wasting things. That is to use only what we need and not to 10 what we do not need. In this way, we can stop being wasteful.

    I like pandas very much. They are very 1. Many of them live in Sichuan, 2. Pandas are beautiful animals. They are white and 3. They have big bodies(身体), 4sometimes they can also be quick. Pandas like to eat bamboo 5. They also like to sleep.

    Sometimes pandas go to other countries(其他国家). People there6 like pandas very much.

    There are not many pandas in the world. Now people know they are 7danger. They hope to help pandas 8 a good life. My uncle works in a panda center. It's9to go to the center. I can 10 many cute pandas there.

    Electricity is very useful in our daily lives. It is said to be one of the greatest1 in human history. It lights our world, 2 our homes, cooks our food and gives us lots of happiness. Electricity brings brightness. Today, almost everyone around the world uses electricity in one way or another. It is 3 to imagine our life without it. When the power is off, schools, offices, shops and factories cannot 4 at all. Without electricity, our5 would be very difficult. In large cities, electricity lights the streets and buildings. It warms people and 6. People can heat food in microwaves. Electricity also cools our food in7. Electricity drives underground trains, works traffic lights and lifts the machines in factories. Radios, televisions and computers use electricity to bring entertainment（娱乐）and news to millions of 8 every day. In the countryside, electricity also helps a lot. In villages and on farms, electrical machines milk the cows. They also cool the milk and keep it 9for us to drink. In fact, electricity is used as much in villages as it is used in 10.

    Some day little cars may take the place of today's cars. If everyone 1 such a little car in the future, there will be less 2 in the air. There will be more parking places in the cities, and the street will be 3. Now the space for one car of the usual size can 4 more than one such little cars. Driving will be 5, because these little cars can go only 50 kilometres an 6. The future cars will be fine for going around the city, but they will not be 7 for going far away. The little cars 8 only two batteries, one battery for the motor, and the other for the horn (汽车喇叭) and the lights. If we still 9 the big cars along with the small ones; we will need to 10 two kinds of roads. That is, there will be some roads for the big fast cars and other roads for the smaller and slower ones.

    Saving the environment is actually quite simple, when you come to think about it. It does not have to be a problem. If you and everyone follow these tips, you are helping save the environment easily.

    Switch off the lights when you leave the room. By now you have probably wasted thousands of watts (瓦特) lightening your room 1 you weren't there. If you work on a home office, this habit is not only bad for the environment, but also for your pocket.

    Turn off the computer when possible. If you know that you will be 2 for four hours or more, turning it off could lead to large savings over the long run.

    Print only when necessary. Sure, reading on paper might be more comfortable, but you should avoid printing those two-line e-mails every time. Read it on the screen and print only necessary documents. Remember also to use 3 sides of the sheet.

    Use fluorescent lamps (荧光灯). The fluorescent lamps may 4 more in the stores, but within the time you use one, you should have already recovered the investment. A normal incandescent light bulb (白炽灯泡) lasts 750 hours but a fluorescent bulb will give off the same amount of light yet last for 7,500 to 10, 000 hours with 1/3 of the wattage.

    Use low-flush (冲洗) toilets. In your household, 40% of the pure water is flushed down the toilet. You can 5 this easy way at home; use small plastic bottles, filled with water or stones to displace (置换) the amount of water in toilets. This will make it a "low-flush toilet", or you can use a displacement bag in your tank, which might reduce 1-2 gallons per flush.

Orchids and the environment

    The orchid is a beautiful flower that can grow indoors or outdoors. There are over 25,000 different species of orchids, so it's one of the largest families of p in the world. Orchids can come in many different cas well, such as white, purple, pink, blue and yellow. There are several conditions that help orchids grow so well. Orchids need the right temperature, as well as the right amount of sunlight, soil, and water in order to l.

    F indoor orchids, it is much easier to control these conditions. For example, orchids usually need to be watered once a week, and you can control how much water you give to the plant. Also, many orchids grow best if they had indirect sunlight b direct sunlight will burn them. Indoor orchids can be placed near windows with curtains or blinds. This will protect them and give them the indirect sunlight they need.

    However, as to orchids that grow outdoors in the wild, global warming can become a threat. Unfortunately, global warming affects temperature, light and rain. All these factors will affect the way orchids live and grow. Most orchids will live c within a narrow temperature range of 18.3 to 23.8 degrees Celsius. Global warming can increase temperatures beyond the natural range for these flowers. Unfortunately, this can destroy orchids because they can't survive in hot, dry conditions. Second, air pollution can create acid rain. Acid rain is created when gases from fossil fuels combine with water in the air to form acids. When acid rain falls on plants and trees, it destroys the n balance of the soil and kills them.

    There are many ways for us to reduce (减少)waste. For1. we can reuse paper and plastic (塑料的) bags. We can also recycle (回收) newspapers, glass, and cans (易拉罐) to make new things. Here are some useful2 to reduce waste.

First, write on3 sides of paper.

    Many people write on only one side of their paper. Why not stop wasting the other side? Some students only use half the pages of their notebooks before4 new ones. Try to use up all the paper. People often give cards on birthdays or festivals. How about trying to5e—cards instead?

    Don't throw away your old batteries.

    Maybe you do not know that old batteries make the earth6. This is because they have poisonous(有毒的) parts in7. So, don't throw away batteries. Try to use rechargeable (充电的) batteries for your games and CD players.

    Give off(分发) all your unwanted clothes.

    Here are many poor families in China. You may8 your mother to give your unwanted clothes to the poor people. You will feel 9 that you are helping someone else. Also, you can ask if your friends or relatives (亲戚) want them10throwing them away.

    Air is all 1 us. It's around us 2 we walk and play. From we were born,(出生) air is 3 around us. When we sit down, it's around us. When we 4 to bed, air is also around us. We live in air.

    All living things 5 air. Living things can't live 6 air. We can go without food or water for 7 days, but we can't live without air. When we are working or running, we need 8 air. When we are asleep, we need air, 9.

    We live in air, but we can't 10 it. We can only 11 it. We can feel it when it is 12. Moving air is called wind. How can we make air 13? Here is one way. Hold an open book in your hands 14 front of your face. Close it 15. What can you feel? What you feel is the air.

    In recent years, with more and more cars on the road, flying robots are used to deliver(递送) mails. Flying robots can 1mails to people's houses without having to deal with heavy2.But they will spend too much time in returning. A research center is trying to improve its flying robots with the3of homing pigeons(信鸽).

    Homing pigeons are pigeons that are4trained to fly home from somewhere else. In tests, researchers5that homing pigeons were6efficient(高效的) than flying robots at returning to their home. So the research center is trying to use a flying robot, together with a7, to deliver mails. After the robot finishes its tasks, it can8the pigeon back in the shortest possible time.

    Although it will cost more money to9pigeons, the research center says that it can10time. And the time it saves will make up for the cost.