科普环保类 知识点题库

 Most of us have three meals a day .We take food for granted(想当然)。And we don’t think about it. 1  experts argue a food crisis(危机)is coming.This crisis is going to make us  2 the way we think about food.

 Food is in great need 3a growing of world population.By 1960,the population was three billion.It doubled to six billion by 1999.By 2050,this planet will need to  4 at least nine billion people.As a result,the food prices get higher and higher.

 So,what can a   5 ,crowed world do?One suggestion is to eat less meat.Meat uses more natural resources(资源)than grains(谷物) .It requires more  6  to produce one pound of meat than to produce one pound of grain. It also requires between 5 and 10 times more water than vegetables. So ,eating less meat will  7  more land for farming,and it will save water.

 To eat less meat,people will need to change their eating habits. That will not be easy. Americans, for example,have 8 loved meat.  In general, They eat twice as much meat as people in other countries.At the same time,in developing countries like China and Brazil,sales of meat have doubled in the last 20 years.   9  will double again by 2050.Growing need of meat wil continue to put pressure on natural resources.

 World  population is increasing,resources are becoming fewer,and food prices are rising.Therefore, we need to rethink what  we eat every day. For meat lovers, we don't  need to give up meat  10 .But we need to eat more grains and less meat.

   How did we help to save our earth this week? Let me tell you.
   First, my family tried to save electrcity (电). We never left the lights1 when leaving the room. We 2the TV when nobody was watching it. Mum only used cold water in the washing machine.
   Second, we started recycling (回收) this week. We tried to write on 3 of our paper, no just on one side. We also divided our rubbish into 4 bags for bottles, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them again as rubbish bags.
   Third, my family started to save 5 .We stopped 6long baths and had short showers (淋浴) 7. We washed toilet with used water. Mum and dad used less water to do the washing. My sister and I didn’t leave the tap (龙头) running when we brushed our teeth.
   At last, mum and dad began to save gas (汽油). Mum used to 8 us to school, but now my sister and I started riding our bikes to school. It's hard work 9 good exercise!                                                       
   This week dad and a few of the people in his company also started to go to work in one car and share the 10.  These are great ways to help protect our environment.

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     There are many ways for us to reduce(减少) waste. For 1, we can reduce paper and plastic bags. We can also recycle newspapers, glass, and cans(易拉罐) to make new things. Here are some useful ways to 2 waste.
     Write on 3 sides of paper
     Many people write on only one side of their paper. Why not stop wasting the other side? Some students only use half the pages of their 4 before getting new ones. Try to use up all the paper. People often give cards on birthdays or festivals. How about trying to 5 e-cards instead?
     Don't throw away your old batteries.
     Maybe you do not know that old batteries make the earth 6. This is because they have poisonous parts in them. So, don't throw away batteries. 7 them together. Try to use rechargeable(充电的) batteries for your games and CD players.
     Give off all your unwanted clothes
     There are many poor families in China. You may ask your mother to 8 your unwanted clothes. Then you can pass them on to those poor children. You will feel 9 that you are helping someone else. Also, you can understand 10 your friends or relatives(亲戚) want them before throwing them away.

     We know 1  about the universe(宇宙). It means the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars, and the space 2  them.
Most of the stars are much 3 than the moon, but they look smaller 4 they are far away from the earth. At night, the moon is high in the sky 5 a light. But the moon has 6 light of its own. The light of the moon comes from the sun. The sun gives us light, heat and life. And the plants, animals and men will die 7  the sun.
    The earth goes around itself 8  . When the part of the earth 9  to the sun, it is day. The 10  part of the earth is night.
The earth is our homeland. We should love it.

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    Everyone  1  that milk is white and that milk is important for children's growth and a healthy  2  for the adults.

    But now many European young people believe that it is not quite helpful to someone if he still  3  white milk, a children's favorite drink. So they  4  white milk at a certain age.

    In Switzerland, 5  , a new kind of milk has been  6  . It is no longer  7  . Will you believe that the “milk”  8  is brown is made from ordinary milk?

    That invention has  9  people's mind about milk. Now in Swiss restaurants people always ask for such a drink because it has no  10  of milk, although it still keeps the nutritious elements(营养成分).

通读全文，根据短文内容的理解，选择最佳答案填空。   

    We live in computer age(时代). People 1 scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do all kinds of work. But more than 30 years ago. 2 couldn't do much. They were very big and expensive. Very few people were 3 in them and knew how 4 them. Today computers are smaller and 5. But they can do a lot of work. Many people like to use them.

    Computers become very important because they can work 6 than people and make fewer mistakes. Computers can 7 people do a lot of work. Writers now use computers to 8. Teachers use them to help teaching. Students use them to 9. Computers can also remember what you 10 them. Computers are very useful and helpful. They are our friends. Do you want to have a computer?

阅读理解

    Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The program works because everyone's eyes are different. So in the future you won't have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank. You'll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are.

    The eye-recognition(眼睛识别) program has already been tested in shops and banks in the USA, Britain, Spain, Italy and Turkey. Soon this technology will take the place of(取代)all other ways of finding out who people are.

    Eye-recognition is a course of recognizing iris(虹膜), which includes the following steps. First, a kind of machine needs to collect different examples of one's iris from his eyes and store them. Second, when this person goes to the bank to take out of money, this machine will have iris feature extraction(采集).Then, this machine will compare the examples kept in it with iris feature extraction. Once the examples and the feature extraction are the same, this person will be identified, and he will take out of the money from the bank successfully.

    However, scientists are also working on other systems. Machines will soon be able to know you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell! We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or the mark made by your finger.

    Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes don't change as you get older, and don't get dirty like hands or fingers, and even twins have different eyes. So the eye-recognition program can be up to 94% correct, depending on how good the technology(科技)is. However, some other programs may only be 51% correct now. In Britain, it was found that 91% of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of eye-recognition.

    In the future your computer will be looking at you in the eye. So smile!

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    Four students are talking about the future after class.

    “In 2050, our life will be much1than it is now. The sky is bluer and water is clearer. We can2the fresh air every day. Humans and animals3the world peacefully. ” says Zhang Tao, full of hope.

    Wang Yan thinks that it is not a4to travel to the moon for a holiday. We eat healthy food every day. At that time, everyone will enjoy a5life.

    Li Yuan Yuan believes that people will have more free time because robots (机器人) will be very popular and will do many things6people. And we will build new7on other planets (星球). Maybe we can chat with each other in our new homes.

    Zhao Kai thinks that no animals will die out because of cloning (克隆). There will8no pollution (污染). The whole world will be one big9. As time10, we'll live a much easier and better life.

    Their teacher Mr. Chen tells them to work hard for their dreams and future. “Nothing is impossible. ” says Mr. Chen.

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    Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn't have modern machines.

    There was no modern medicine 1.

    Life today2new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and affects (影响) our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us 3 louder and get angry much easier. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It affects 4 living thing in the world.

    Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the pollution is5thick that it is like a quilt (被状物)over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog(烟雾).

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    When you hear the word "scientist", what do you think of it? Many people think scientists are people in clean white coats, working in labs( 实验室). Some scientists do work in labs. But there are 1 scientists working in woods and jungles(丛林).  These scientists are called " animal behaviour (行为) scientists", and they study animals as they live in nature. Why don't these scientists catch animals and study them in zoos? The 2 is in the word "behaviour". Animal behaviour scientists want to learn 3 animals behave in their wild homes. When animals live in cages or in zoos, they do not act 4 as they do in the wild. They may fight (打架) 5each other, or they may not eat, or they may not raise (抚养) their babies as they usually do. To see real animal behaviour, scientists must go to the places 6the animals live. So animal behavior scientists go into the jungles, the woods or the deserts. There, 7most important tools are their eyes and ears. They watch and listen to the animals very 8. They write down everything that happened in notebooks. Though they live near the animals, the scientists are careful not to frighten them. If the scientists are 9, the animals will pay no attention to them. Then the scientists can see how the animals really live.

    The animal behaviour scientists hope what they've learned about animal behaviour can provide clues(提供线索) 10people learn to live with animals together more happily.

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    In the years, I will be 24 years old. Our city will be a1living place then. There will be many tall buildings and trees. Many people will visit our2. Almost every family will have one or two solar(太阳能的)cars.

    People will3their cars to work every day. The libraries will have more computers, and people can 4books on them. The restaurants will have robot waiters to bring you 5. Schools will have more teachers from England to6you English. With the7of new transportation(交通方式), travel will be fast. You can only need two8to get to Africa! Machines and robots will do heavy and difficult jobs9we will have more time. What do you think? Do you think this idea about life10will come true?

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    In some science fiction films, people in the future have their own robots. These robots are just like humans. They help with the housework and do the most1 jobs.

    Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years, Scientists are now trying to make robots look like people and2 the same things as us. Japanese companies have already made robots walk and dance. This kind of robot will also be fun to watch.

    But robot scientist James White disagrees. He thinks that it will be3 for a robot to do the same things as a person. For example, it's easy for a child to4and know where he or she is. Mr White thinks that robots won't be able to do this. But other scientists disagree. They think that robots will be able to talk to people.525 to 50 years.

    Robot scientists are not just trying to make robots look like people. For example, there are already robots 6 in factories. These robots look more like huge arms. They do simple jobs over and over again. People don't like to do such jobs and will get bored, But robots will7 get bored.

    In the future, there will be more robots everywhere, and humans will have8 work to do. New robots will have many different9. Some will look like humans, and others might look like10 ， After an earthquake, a snake robot can help look for people under buildings. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago. We never know what will happen in the future!

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Some people think they have an answer 1 the problems of heavy traffic and pollution in large cities. Their answer is bicycle. In many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles 2. In New York, some bike riders have found a group 3 Bike for Better City. They say that if more people ride bikes, there will be fewer cars and less dirty air from cars.

    For years this group has been trying to get the government to help them. For example, they want the city to 4 special lanes (车道) for bikes on some of the main streets, because when bike riders must use 5 same lanes as cars, there may be accidents. Bike for a Better City feels 6 there were special lanes, more people would use bikes.

    But 7 bikes lanes have been painted. Not everyone thinks it's good. Taxi drivers don't like the idea. They say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the streets don't like it. They say if there is 8 traffic, they will have less business.

    The government has not decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, central park—the largest open space in New York is closed to cars and the roads may be used by 9. But Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and 10 working hard to get bike lanes in the city.

阅读下面短文，掌握大意, 然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    Do you know anything about the invention of the bar code(条形码)?

    A small food store owner found it was 1 to keep records of the product information. In 1948, he asked the Drexel Institute of Technology to solve this 2. Bernard Silver, a graduate student, was 3. He and his friend Norman Joseph Woodland 4 to work on it. 5, they invented their first working system.

    The system did work 6, but it was very expensive and 7 the system didn't work well. If the invention was to become 8 in stores, the problems had to be solved. Finally, Woodland solved 9.

    The patent (专利权) for the bar code system was 10 for by Silver and Woodland in 1949, but the patent was not given until 1952. 11 this patent was given, the system was still not popular 12 store owners.

    In 1970, a business named Logicon Inc. 13 the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (通用杂货产品识别码). Marsh Supermarket in Troy was the first store to 14 this bar code reading system. It has become very popular ever since, and now it's 15 in all types of stores all over the world.

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    At the beginning of this century, medical scientists made a interesting discovery(发现). We are bulk not just of flesh (肉)and blood but also of time. They were1to show that we all have a body clock inside us, which controls the2and fall of our body energies. It can 3us different from one day to the next.

    The idea of a body clock should not be too4because the lives of most living things are controlled by the 24-hour-night-and-day cycle. We feel 5 and fall asleep at night and become 6 and energetic during the day. Most people will have a bad feeling 24-hour cycle is 7. For example, people who are not used to working at night can find that luck  (缺少)of sleep causes them to 8 badly at work.

    Besides (除了) the daily cycle of sleeping and waking, we 9 have other cycle which lasts longer than one day. Most of us would 10 that we feel good on some days and not so good on others. Sometimes our ideas seem to be so active, and at other times they are not.

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    There are many ways for us to reduce waste. For 1, we can reuse paper and plastic bags. We can also recycle newspapers, glass, and cans to2 new things. Here are some 3 ways to reduce waste.

Write on 4 sides of paper.

    Many people write on only one side of their paper. Why not stop 5the other side? Some students only use half the pages of their notebooks before getting new ones. Try to use up all the paper. People often give cards on birthdays or festivals. How about trying to 6 e-cards instead?

Don't throw away your old batteries (电池).

    Maybe you do not know that old batteries make the earth dirty. This is 7  they have poisonous parts in them. So, don't throw away batteries. Keep them together. Try to use rechargeable (充电的) batteries for your games and CD players.

    Give off all your unwanted clothes.

    There are many poor families in China. You may ask your mother to 8 your unwanted(多余的) 9. Then you can pass them on to those poor children. You will feel 10that you are helping someone else. Also, you can understand if your friends or relatives (亲戚) want them before throwing them away.

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    Time is very important to us. When and by whom were the watches or clocks 1 Perhaps nobody knows. How could we tell time if there were no watches or clocks anywhere in the world?

    The2 was probably the world's first "clock", except in the far north, where the Eskimos live. There, it's dark most of the winter, and 3 most of the summer. But 4 most of the world, people have used the sun for day. 5 you don't have a clock that shows time, you still know that when the sun shines, it's day, and that when it's dark, it's night. The sun can not only tell you whether it's day or night but also tell you whether it's morning, noon, or afternoon. When the sun is almost directly overhead, it's6.

    People who live near the sea know time from the tides (潮汐). In the daytime, for about six hours, the water rises 7on the beach. The same thing 8again at night. There are two high tides and two tides every 9 hours.

    In some places in the world the wind comes up at about the same time every day or changes direction or stops 10. In these places the wind can be the clock.

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)

    In 2016, three scientists from France, Britain and the Netherlands won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. They made the world's smallest machines, which are m  thinner than hair.

    The invention will open a w  new world for us. Here's an example. When we get sick, we go to the hospital and have lots of tests. The doctor needs to find out w  we are sick. Thanks to the Nobel Prize winning research, doing that will be easier in the future. A doctor could put a tiny robot into our body. It could s  for the illness and send the medicine right there.

    And the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine was from Japan. He also looks at small things. He has found that cells can break down the old ones and use the useful parts to make new cells. or f  off viruses(病毒). How smart our body is！The Japanese scientist also gave some s  to the young people, "Not all can be successful in science, but it's important to rise to the challenge."

阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。

    Suppose you find a bright yellow bike on a street corner in the city. You hop on(跨上)it and 1. But wait—isn't this stealing? No, it isn't. 2 shouts, "Stop! Thief!" That is 3 this free ride is just fine with the city.

    You 4 find hundreds of free yellow bikes in some US cities. The idea began in Portland, Oregon, in 1994. People saw a need for 5 transportation, and they wanted to help 6 pollution. So, to get citizens(市民) 7 their cars and onto pollution-free bikes, they 8 the Yellow Bike Project.

    The 9 bikes are painted bright yellow and placed throughout the city. People can hop on the yellow bike and ride to run errands(短程差事), to work 10 to school. Then, they leave the bike for the 11 rider. There have been times when bikes have been stolen, but most people 12 the rules, because they think it is not wise to 13 the bike that's already free.

    Portland's 14 was quickly loved by a lot of people. Within two years of its starts, similar programs were 15in cities in six other states.

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    In some parts of the world, there are large deserts. There are no trees and 1 water there. Travellers must take food and2with them.

    The 3 animal that can walk through the desert is the camel. 4 can go without food and water for a long time, and besides(此外) he can carry heavy loads(负荷). People call the 5"the ship of the desert".

    The camel is very big. He has one or two humps(驼峰) on his back, short ears and a long 6.

    The camel's humps hold fat(脂肪), and his stomach holds water in twelve pockets. 7pocket has a mouth. The mouth closes, so the food and the water don't mix. When the camel 8 some water, he can get it out of the 9. The camel's food is 10 and leaves of trees.