高考试题
(2016·云南名校联考)如图所示,质量为m的木块A放在质量为M的三角形斜劈B上,现同时用大小为F1和F2、方向相反的水平力分别推木块A和斜劈B,它们均静止不动,则( )

A.F1、F2一定等大反向
B.木块A、斜劈B间一定存在摩擦力
C.斜劈B与地面间一定存在摩擦力
D.地面对斜劈B的支持力的大小一定等于(M+m)g
函数f(x)是定义在(0,+∞)上的单调函数,且对定义域内的任意x,均有f(f(x)-lnx-x3)=2,则f(e)=( )
A.

B.

C.

D.
阅读材料,完成下列要求。
材料一 中国是世界丝绸的故乡,据记载先秦时期丝绸生产已经兴起。从丝绸遗址分布看,黄河中下游、长江三角洲、川蜀盆地以及华南地区丝绸业出现比较早。由于历史等方面因素,丝绸生产首先在黄河中下游地区得到快速发展。随着纺织工具不断革新,在魏晋南北朝,丝织物品已经达到20多种。魏晋之后,丝绸生产重心逐渐向南转移。到宋朝,江南地区成为全国丝绸重要的产区。明清时期,江南一带出现丝绸专业市镇,丝绸也是对外贸易的重要输出商品,丝绸贸易成为我国和世界人民友好交往的纽带。
——摘编自朱新予《中国丝绸史》
材料二 17-18世纪,大量中国的丝绸运往欧洲,因其充满异国情调的图案,给他们带来了关于中华帝国的形象化的联想。加上入华传教士书信中透露的信息,以及来华经商商人的渲染,一股对中国丝绸的狂热爱好便席卷欧洲,从而形成了“中国风”。在18世纪因法国路易十五的提倡获得了突出的发展,并迅速传播。“中国风”主要体现在18世纪的法国,里昂、都尔等城市是这类丝绸织物的生产重镇。
——摘编自袁宣萍《17-18世纪欧洲丝绸中的“中国风”》
(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,概括中国古代丝绸业兴起与发展的特点和作用。
(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,说明17-18世纪欧洲丝绸业流行“中国风”的背景和影响。
已知等差数列

的公差不为零,且

,

,

成等比数列,则

( )
A.

B.

C.

D.
优秀文艺作品因时而兴,与时代同步伐。展现全面深化改革的纪录片《将改革进行到底》,引发全国观看热潮;讴歌塞罕坝精神的电视剧《最美的青春》,创下高收视率;小说《七层宝塔》关注新农村建设中的乡村伦理变迁与邻里道德守望,受到多方肯定……党的十八大以来,一系列为时代画像的文化文艺创作不断涌现。这对文艺创作的启示有
①博采众长,提供多种形式的文化产品
②把握时代脉搏,奏响时代主旋律
③坚持为人民服务,为社会主义服务
④赋予传统文化新内涵,弘扬民族精神
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. 【1】
Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. 【2】
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.
To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. 【3】
Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed.
"In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. 【4】 Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers.
"The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.
A. One reason that it’s urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.
B. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can’t see.
C. Blowing up older satellites with a missile may create thousands of smaller pieces!
D. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
E. When two objects in space collide, the two objects break into many smaller pieces.
F. Years of space exploration have left tons of “space junk” in orbit around the planet.
阅读下面的文言文,完成各题。
益柔字胜之。为人伉直尚气,喜论天下事。补荫至殿中丞。元昊叛上备边选将之策,杜衍宣抚河东益柔寓书言河外兵饷无法非易帅臣不可因条其可任者衍使还以学术政事荐知介丘县尹洙与刘沪争城水洛事,自泾原贬庆州。益柔讼之日:“水洛一障耳,不足以拒贼。沪裨将,洙为将军,以天子命呼之不至,戮之不为过;顾不敢专执之以听命,是洙不伸将军之职而上尊朝廷。”出为两浙、京东西转运使。上言:“今考课法区别长吏能否,必明有显状,显状必取其更置兴作大利。夫小政小善,积而不已,然后能成其大。取其大而遗其细,将竞利图功,恐虚名无实之风日起。愿参以唐四善,兼取行实,列为三等。”不行。熙宁元年,入判度支审院。诏百官转对,益柔言:“人君之难,莫大于辨邪正;邪正之辨,莫大于置相。相之忠邪,百官之贤否也。若唐高宗之李义甫,明皇之李林甫,德宗之卢杞,宪宗之皇甫镈,帝王之鉴也。高宗、德宗之昏蒙,固无足论;明皇、宪宗之聪明,乃蔽于二人如此。以二人之庸,犹足以致祸,况以文致其奸说者哉!”意盖指王安石也。益柔少力学,通群书,为文日数千言。尹洙见之日:“赡而不流,制而不窘,语淳而厉,气壮而长,未可量也。”时方以诗赋取士,益柔去不为。
范仲淹荐试馆职,以其不善词赋,乞试以策论,特听之。司马光尝语人日:“自吾为《资治通鉴》,人多欲求观读,未终一纸,已欠伸思睡。能阅之终篇者,惟王胜之耳。”其好学类此。
(节选自《宋史·列传第四十五》)
【1】下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是
A. 元昊叛/上备边选将之策,杜衍宣抚河东/益柔寓书言/河外兵饷无/法非易帅臣不可/因条其可任者衍/使还以学术政事/荐知介丘县/
B. 元昊叛/上备边选将之策/杜衍宣抚河东/益柔寓书言舸外兵饷无/法非易帅臣不可/因条其可任者/衍使还/以学术政事荐/知介丘县/
C. 元昊叛/上备边选将之策/杜衍宣抚河东/益柔寓书言舸外兵饷无法/非易帅臣不可/因条其可任者衍/使还以学术政事/荐知介丘县/
D. 元昊叛/上备边选将之策/杜衍宣抚河东/益柔寓书言舸外兵饷无法/非易帅臣不可/因条其可任者/衍使还/以学术政事荐/知介丘县/
【2】下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是
A. 补荫,是封建社会的一种选官制度,荫补官员与其它途径出身的官员共同构成了官僚队伍。
B. 转对指朝臣定期轮流向皇帝陈献个人对国事的意见,并回答皇帝的问题,通常每五天一对。
C. 明皇,是唐朝皇帝李隆基的庙号,与高宗一样都是皇帝死后在太庙被供奉时被称呼的名号。
D. 策论,古时指议论当前政治问题、向朝廷献策的文章,宋代以来常用作科举试士的项目之一。
【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是
A. 王益柔明辨是非,敢于直言。尹洙被贬庆州,王益柔为其辩护,认为刘沪有违君命虽杀之也不为过,但他也认为尹洙不该一味听命于朝廷而不敢行使将军之职。
B. 王益柔尽职尽责,奏除吏弊。他担任两浙、京东西转运使时,认为当时的官吏考核标准会产生诸多弊端,建言参照唐朝的四善制,依据实绩,分为三个等级。
C. 王益柔以史鉴今,心忧朝政。他认为人君之难莫大于分辨正邪,他列举前朝佞相蒙蔽朝政、制造祸端的史实,暗谏皇上应谨防当朝宰相王安石以奸说祸政。
D. 王益柔博览群书,致力于学。尹洙曾盛赞其文章;范仲淹举荐他时因其不善辞赋而请求以策论试之;司马光感叹能读完《资治通鉴》全篇的只有王益柔一人。
【4】把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)取其大而遗其细,将竞利图功,恐虚名无实之风日起。
(2)以二人之庸,犹足以致祸,况以文致其奸说者哉!
If you are not reading this on a screen then you hold in your hands one of humanity’s world-changing inventions. Yet that power has not been matched by fame: paper delights in self-modesty, pointing you to the words on its surface and so acting only as a stage for ideas and arguments that have changed history.
Without that stage, the written and printed word would have attracted only a small audience.All the alternatives to paper commonly used throughout our pre-digital history have been too rare, too heavy, too expensive or too inconvenient to deliver words to a wide number of people,let alone a mass readership
Paper has enabled writers to reach unprecedented(前所未有) numbers throughout history.Among them were the Buddhist missionary translators from South and Central Asia who brought their religion to China almost two thousand years ago. The paper age has its outstanding personalities: Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whose collected works when combined fill more than 200 volumes.
For many of us, it has only been the rise of digital media that has finally opened our eyes to papers striking existence everywhere. Of course, paper has found thousands of roles for itself,writing aside. Your bedside lamp glows through a paper cover and the cups in the office coffee machine are made from paper. It can be as common and practical as a bus ticket or it can be treasured and expensive as the carrier of the worlds best-loved painting.
It is clear that many predictions of paper's extinction have been premature-and greatly overstated. Much of the 400 million tons of paper produced annually is absolutely necessary to our way of life. The bigger question, of course, concerns the one role paper has had that has been transformative for the world. namely as the carrier of written or printed text. Already,it is leaving much of the difficult work of words to digital media, and many of its centuries-old roles have already been largely transferred to the screen. There is also a sense in which paper has itself become a subject, rather than simply a medium. This began to become clear in art several decades ago. as paper became not simply the backdrop (背景) for art but, in a few cases, the stuff of the art itself.
This doesn’t mean that papers uses as a vehicle for words will end, but it does signal a slowing down. More than that, it signals that paper's greatest virtues are no longer good enough.Those virtues enabled unprecedented periods of cultural expansiveness. just as they encouraged knowledge, beliefs and ideas to move further down the socio-cconomic ladder. Yet such transformative qualities are shared by paper's digital opponent(对手), and paper can no longer compete on speed of delivery, scale of information immediately available, or ease of access.
Paper's historic dynamism(活力)has received its first great challenge and, in many aspects,it appears to be losing Nostalgia(怀旧)simply dismisses paper to a museum piece. But there are reasons to think that the dynamism that paper has exhibited over some 20 centuries will not be transferred totally to digital media. There are a few practical reasons. Electric power is always needed for digital media, of course. More importantly, anything online can, potentially, be hacked into. Your own reading choices can be viewed from the other side of the world. Even what you write can be viewed and changed or deleted. But it is the ownership of knowledge that matters most. As Amazon recently reminded a kindle reader who had lost the text of a book he was reading. you do not "own" your books on Kindle, as you own a physical book. You simply have the right to access them.
The digital revolution certainly provides unprecedented access to knowledge. But it is access only. Text that you can hold, shelve and own, due to paper, will always have a magic all its own.
【1】Why does paper not have well-deserved fame?
A. Much information is available on a screen.
B. It takes great delight in being modest.
C. Only a small crowd enjoys the benefits of it.
D. It always guides readers to focus more on itself.
【2】The underlined part in Paragraph 4 implies that the digital media .
A. ignores the existence of paper
B. promotes the wide use of paper
C. replaces the functions of paper
D. helps us realize the roles of paper
【3】One reason why paper won' t come to an end is that .
A. it is being mass-produced
B. it is more than a medium
C. it has a centuries-old role
D. it is a well-known invention
【4】What’s the purpose of mentioning the best virtues of paper in Paragraph 6?
A. To show its fast development.
B. To prove its unchanged strength.
C. To indicate its loss of competitiveness.
D. To bring back its past brilliance.
【5】What is the biggest problem the digital media face?
A. It depends on electric power.
B. Personal privacy is easy to leak.
C. Users only have the right to use.
D. The joy of reading is hard to feel.
【6】What is the best title for the passage?
A. The History of Paper
B. The Power of Paper
C. The Development of Paper
D. The Application of Paper
当下特斯拉旗下的美国太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)正在研发一种新技术,实现火箭回收利用,效削减太空飞行成本,其中有一技术难题是回收时如何减缓对地的碰撞,为此设计师马斯克在返回火箭的底盘安装了4台电磁缓冲装置,其工作原理是利用电磁阻尼作用减缓火箭对地的冲击力。电磁阻尼作用可以借助如下模型讨论:如图所示,虚线框内为该电磁缓的结构示意图,其主要部件为缓冲滑块K和质量为m的缓冲箭体.在缓冲装置的底板上,沿竖直方向固定着两个光滑水平绝缘导轨PQ、MN.缓冲装置的底部,安装电磁铁(图中未画出),能产生垂直于导轨平面的匀强磁场,磁场的磁感应强度为B.导轨内的缓冲滑块K由高强度绝缘材料制成,滑块K上绕有闭合矩形线圈abcd,线圈的总电阻为R,匝数为n,ab边长为L.假设缓冲车以速度v0与地面碰撞后,滑块K立即停下,此后线圈与轨道的磁场作用力使火箭减速,从而实现缓冲,一切摩擦阻力不计,地球表面的重力加速度为g。
(1)求滑块K的线圈中最大感应电动势的大小;
(2)若缓冲车厢向前移动距离H后速度为零,则此过程中每个缓冲线圈中通过的电量和产生的焦耳热各是多少?
喷泉实验装置如图所示。应用下列各组气体—溶液,能出现喷泉现象的是

| 气体 | 溶液 |
A. | H2S | 稀盐酸 |
B. | HCl | 稀氨水 |
C. | NO | 稀H2SO4 |
D. | CO2 | 饱和NaHCO3溶液 |
A. A B. B C. C D. D
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A. They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.
C. I pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.
某家系中有甲、乙两种单基因遗传病(如图所示),分别由A和a、B和b两对等位基因控制。请回答相关问题:

(1)依据系谱图分析,乙病为________(显性、隐性)遗传病,在Ⅱ-5为________________________的条件下,可确定其致病基因位于X染色体上。在上述条件下,Ⅲ-8的基因型为__________________;
若Ⅲ-4与Ⅲ-5结婚,生育一个只患一种病孩子的概率为________________。
(2)人类疾病中的后天性疾病________(一定是、一定不是、不一定是)遗传病。________________的开展和研究,有助于人们认识人类基因的___________________________________及其
相互关系,有利于诊治和预防人类疾病。
阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
中国是茶的故乡,也是茶文化的发源地。中国茶的发现和利用已有四五千年历史,且长盛不衰,传遍全球。
茶是中华民族的举国之饮,中国人何时开始饮茶,人人言殊, 。《茶经》云:神农《食经》“茶茗久服,有力悦志”。陆羽《茶经》以为饮茶起于神农氏,然《食经》为伪书,尽人皆知, 。
俗话说,“三口为品”,这正是中国人对茶的品饮艺术极为朴素的认识。对于中国人来说品茶就是品味人生,( )。在这里,茶就像人们自身气象万千的人生经验。茶之“绿”,不仅是茶的本色,也是人类生命的本色。而茶之“苦”,不但是茶之真味,也是人生的真味。如此,茶才 ,回味不尽。中国人对品茶,强调的是切身的感悟与体验。前人于此常有 的描绘。现代文学家林语堂有茶的“三泡”之境说,认为茶在二泡时最妙。第一次冲泡时宛如一个十二三岁的幼女,而“二泡”时则如十六七岁之妙龄女郎,至“三泡”时已是少妇了。这正是对苏轼的名句“从来佳茗似佳人”极为传神的演绎。此外,中国人在品饮时,注重体味茶汤中完整的世界,即融茶之色、香、味、神、境于一体,融诸多复杂的心理过程为一体,于无形之中完成从生理享受到精神享受的过程。中国人对于一杯茶来说,也许就是完整的一个艺术世界。
1.依次填入文中横线上的成语,全都恰当的一组是( )
A.众说纷纭 难以置信 耐人寻味 炉火纯青
B.莫衷一是 不足为据 意味深长 出神入化
C.莫衷一是 难以置信 意味深长 炉火纯青
D.众说纷纭 不足为据 耐人寻味 出神入化
2.下列填入文中括号内的语句,衔接最恰当的一项是( )
A.茶里面既有色彩斑驳的大千世界,更有生活的酸甜苦辣
B.茶里面既有色彩斑驳的大千世界,又有酸甜苦辣的生活
C.茶里面既有生活的酸甜苦辣,更有大千世界的斑驳色彩
D.茶里面既有大千世界的斑驳色彩,又有生活的酸甜苦辣
3.文中画横线的句子有语病,下列修改最恰当的一项是( )
A.中国人对于一杯茶来说,也许就是一个完整的艺术世界。
B.对于中国人来说,也许一杯茶就是完整的一个艺术世界。
C.一杯茶对于中国人来说,也许就是一个艺术的完整世界。
D.一杯茶对于中国人来说,也许就是一个完整的艺术世界。
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question 【1】(suggest)that,for most students,it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 【2】 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 【3】 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源),Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 【4】(meaning)college experience.
2018年8月,小李采用银行按揭贷款的方式买了价格80万元的新房,首付现金30万元,然后在15年内付清银行贷款50万元及利息18万元。其中18万元利息、80万元房价、30万元首付金分别体现了货币的职能是
A. 贮藏手段、流通手段、价值尺度 B. 价值尺度、流通手段、支付手段
C. 支付手段、流通手段、贮藏手段 D. 支付手段、价值尺度、流通手段
苏格拉底在狱中说道,“死是他生存的目标。别人不大可能意识到,真正从事哲学的人所研究的没有别的,就是死而已。”由此可见,苏格拉底主张
A. 知识即美德
B. 捍卫思想的自由
C. 认识你自己
D. 人是万物的尺度
(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)Today, Mount Qomolangma's peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3,500 people have __1__ (successful) climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about __2__ (wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.
In fact, the dangerous __3__ (crowd) aren't the only problem. All those climbers need __4__ (bring) a lot of gear (设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the world's __5__ (tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is __6__ some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they __7__ (collect) over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for __8__ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They've changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited __9__ Nepal's capital. Part of the profit from sales __10__ (be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9.________ 10.________
下图示意我国某月多年平均阴雨区(局部),据此完成下列各题。

【1】该月控制长江中下游地区的天气系统主要是
A. 暖锋 B. 准静止锋 C. 气旋 D. 反气旋
【2】与甲城相比,乙城
A. 海拔高度更低 B. 气温年较差更大
C. 夏季均温更低 D. 年日照时数更多
已知复数

,则

( )
A. 0 B. 1 C.

D. 2