高考试题
已知函数

.
(1)当

时,求

的单调区间;
(2)当

时,关于

的不等式

在

上恒成立,求

的取值范围.
When I was a boy there were no smart phones. Computers were something you saw on STAR TREK(星际航行),and our television only got one channel clearly. Still, I was never bored. The fields, hills, and woodlands around my house were the nature ready-made playgrounds.
I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake and slowly walking around it. At the backside of it I was amazed to find an old, one-lane, dirt road that I had never seen before. I immediately set out to travel it. It was full of holes and muddy tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I walked on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear to turn around and head back home but I was stubborn and even a bit stupid, so I walked on.
The dirt road give way to a rock one and then a paved one, yet there was still neither a car nor a house in sight. My legs were getting tired. I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared. I didn’t want to end up trapped on this road in the dark of night, but I was sure it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
I was almost in tears when I turned one last curve(弯曲处) and saw something in the distance. It was a house that I recognized. My heart leapt up! I jumped up and down and laughed out loud. I knew the way home! It was still over a mile away but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time. I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner.
I remembered this recently when I saw a sign that said, “All roads lead Home.” This is true. In this life all roads no matter what their twists(弯曲) and turns are can lead us home again. They can lead us to our homes here on Earth. They can lead us to our homes in our heart, if we can insist.
【1】Why was the author never bored when he was a boy?
A. Because there was still a TV.
B. Because he liked hiking alone.
C. Because there were so many playgrounds built for him.
D. Because he had so many places around his house to play.
【2】What made the author decide to take the old road?
A. Seeing it before.
B. That it was a muddy road.
C. Trying a new and special experience.
D. That it had deep woods on both sides.
【3】How did the author feel when he saw a known house in the distance?
A. Excited. B. Frightened.
C. Touched. D. Desperate.
【4】Why did the author mention the sign?
A. To share a famous saying with readers.
B. To introduce what he wanted to say.
C. To explain the function of the sign.
D. To prove the significance of the sign.
阅读材料,完成下列要求
消费提质升级是我国经济平稳运行的“顶梁柱”、高质量发展的“助推器”,更是满足人民美好生活需要的直接体现,根据国家统计局数据,2018年1-9月社会消费品零售总额达到27.4万亿元,同比增长9.3%,其中服务消费比重为52.6%,较上年同期提高0.2个百分点。全国实物商品网上零售额同比增长27.7%,较上年同期提高3.5个百分点;全国乡村消费品零售额同比增长10.4%,高于全国增速、城镇增速1.2和1.3个百分点。最终消费支出对经济增长的贡献率达到78%,比上年同期提高了14个百分点。为激发居民消费潜力,让消费者“能消费”“愿消费”“敢消费”,党中央国务院印发了《关于完善促进消费体制机制进一步激发居民消费潜力的若干意见》提出要构建更加成熟的消费细分市场、健全质量标准和信用体系、营造安全放心消费环境——以更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要。
概括我国当前消费市场的特点并分析我国消费提质升级对企业发展的积极影响。
如图,自由下落的小球下落一段时间后,与弹簧接触,从它接触弹簧开始,到弹簧压缩到最短的过程中,以下说法正确的是:( )

A. 从接触弹簧到速度最大的过程是失重过程,
B. 从接触弹簧到加速度最大的过程是超重过程
C. 从接触弹簧到速度最大的过程加速度越来越大
D. 速度达到最大时加速度也达到最大
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of us love July because it's ________ month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance.
一伞兵从悬停在空中的直升飞机上由静止跳下,2s时开启降落伞,其跳伞过程中的

图象如图所示,根据图象可知该伞兵


A. 在

内做自由落体运动
B. 在

内加速度方向先向上后向下
C. 在

内先处于失重状态后处于超重状态
D. 在

内先匀加速再匀减速最终匀速直线运动
[化学——选修2:化学与技术]
聚合硫酸铁(PFS)是谁处理中重要的絮凝剂,下图是以回收废铁屑为原料制备PFS的一种工艺流程。

回答下列问题
(1)废铁屑主要为表面附有大量铁锈的铁,铁锈的主要成分为_________。粉碎过筛的目的是_______
(2)酸浸时最合适的酸是_____,写出铁锈与酸反应的离子方程式_____________________。
(3)反应釜中加入氧化剂的作用是_________,下列氧化剂中最合适的是____________(填标号)。
(4)聚合釜中溶液的pH必须控制在一定的范围内,pH偏小时Fe3+水解程度弱,pH偏大时则_______。
(5)相对于常压蒸发,减压蒸发的优点是______。
(6)盐基度B是衡量絮凝剂絮凝效果的重要指标,定义式为
(n为物质的量)。为测量样品的B值,取样品mg,准确加入过量盐酸,充分反应,再加入煮沸后冷却的蒸馏水,以酚酞为指示剂,用c
的标准NaOH溶液进行中和滴定(部分操作略去,已排除铁离子干扰)。到终点时消耗NaOH溶液V mL。按照上述步骤做空白对照试验,消耗NaOH溶液
,已知该样品中Fe的质量分数w,则B的表达式为__________
某电路板生产企业的水质情况及国家允许排放的污水标准如下表所示。为研究废水中Cu2+处理的最佳pH,取5份等量的废水,分别用30%的NaOH溶液调节pH至8.5、9、9.5、10、11,静置后,分析上层清液中铜元素的含量,实验结果如下图所示。

查阅资料,平衡I:Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3

[Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OH-;
平衡II:Cu(OH)2 + 2OH-

[Cu(OH-)4]2-
项目 | 废水水质 | 排放标准 |
pH | 1.0 | 6~9 |
Cu2+/ mg·L-1 | 72 | ≤0.5 |
NH4+/ mg·L-1 | 2632 | ≤15 |
下列说法不正确的是
A. 废水中Cu2+处理的最佳pH约为9
B. b~c段:随pH升高,Cu(OH)2的量增加,平衡I正向移动,铜元素含量上升
C. c~d段:随pH升高,c(OH-)增加,平衡I逆向移动,铜元素含量下降
D. d点以后,随c(OH-)增加,铜元素含量可能上升
实施乡村振兴必须建立健全党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障的现代乡村社会治理体系。上述论断包含的辩证法思想是
①系统具有有序性,乡村治理要坚持统筹考虑、优化组合
②系统具有客观性,乡村治理要发挥创新思维改造世界的作用
③系统具有整体性,乡村治理要注重整体、坚持综合的思维方式
④系统内部结构具有优化趋向,整体功能必然大于部分功能之和
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ②④ D. ③④
Babies’main food is rice cereal. But it is often poisoned. Studies have found that many brands contain measurable amounts of inorganic arsenic(无机砷),the most poisonous kind. It's not just nice: an August 2018 study tested 50 foods made for babies. including organic and nonorganic brands such as Gerber, Earths Best, and other popular labels, and found evidence of at least one dangerous heavy metal in every product. Fifteen of the 50 contained enough contaminants(污染物)to pose potential health risks to a child eating one serving or less a day.
Heavy metals can damage cognitive(认知的 )development in children, who are especially at risk because of their smaller size. Inorganic arsenic in drinking water has been found to lower the IQ scores of children by five to six ills. And as heavy metals accumulate in the body over time. they can raise the risk of cancer, diabetes and other physical conditions. Of course, finding you’re your favorite brand is contaminated is not a reason to panic. Low levels of exposure for short periods are unlikely to cause serious effects, but parents should focus on reducing the overall levels of these poisonous substances in their children's total diet to limit harm.
Heavy metals occur naturally on Earth and are present in soil and water. But pesticides(杀虫剂), mining and pollution increase their concentrations, and farming and food manufacturing processes can contribute even more.
Food makers are clearly of keeping baby food poison-free: roughly a third of the tested products did not contain worrisome metal levels. Some companies are already trying to look into the sources of contamination in their products and try to reduce them. More companies should follow. But the best chance of real change will come with laws. Currently there are no U. S rules on acceptable levels of heavy metals in baby foods.
The government and the food industry should unite to deal with the serious threat to our children.
【1】What did the August 2018 study find?
A. Fifteen of the 50 food brands contained contaminants
B. All organic food brands contained some inorganic arsenic.
C. Earth’s Best proved to be a poison-free baby food brand.
D. All tested products were contaminated with heavy metals.
【2】According to the second paragraph, inorganic arsenic in drinking water has a bad effect on children's_____
A. intelligence B. behavior C. sight D. emotion
【3】In the fourth paragraph, the writer indicates that_____
A. food storage is a major source of metal contamination in the food products
B. many food makers haven't taken enough safety steps to reduce metal levels
C. food makers should figure out the sources of contamination in their products
D. food companies must be banned from producing foods containing heavy metals
【4】According to the writer, which of the following is the vital step to make a real difference to the worrying situation?
A. Stepping up baby food tests. B. Listing harmful heavy metals
C. Making out relevant regulations D. Punishing food law breakers.
已知

分别是双曲线

:

的左、右顶点,

为

上一点,且

在第一象限.记直线

,

的斜率分别为

,

,当

取得最小值时,

的重心坐标为( )
A.

B.

C.

D.
图1表示玉米光合作用利用CO2合成(CH2O)的过程,玉米叶肉细胞通过“CO2泵”内的一些化学反应,将空气中的CO2泵入维管束鞘细胞,使维管束鞘细胞积累较高浓度的CO2,保证(CH2O)的合成顺利进行;图2表示光照强度对玉米光合速率的影响。回答下列问题:

(1)图1中过程①是 ,物质A是 ,过程②的进行还需要 等物质参与。
(2)如果在玉米叶肉细胞中注入某种抑制剂使“CO2泵”的活性降低,则在短时间内,维管束鞘细胞中C5的含量 。
(3)图2中当光照强度从20klx增加到25klx,玉米CO2吸收速率没有发生变化,这主要受到图1中过程 (填序号)的限制;当光照强度为15klx时,玉米每小时能固定 mL的CO2。
(4)研究发现晴朗的夏季中午光照增强,温度过高,叶片气孔开度下降,作为光合作用原料之一的 减少,而此时玉米光合作用速率基本不受影响,其原因是玉米 。
化学在生产和生活中有重要的应用。下列说法正确的是
A. 陶瓷坩埚和石英坩埚都是硅酸盐产品
B. 乙醇、过氧化氢、次氯酸钠等消毒液均可以将病毒氧化而达到消毒的目的
C. 新型材料聚酯纤维、光导纤维都属于有机高分子材料
D. 高分子吸水性树脂聚丙烯酸钠,不溶于水,可吸收其自身重量几百倍的水
X、Y、Z、M、G五种短周期元素原子序数依次增大。X、Z同主族,可形成离子化合物ZX;Y、M同主族,可形成MY2、MY3两种分子;Y、G的单质或两元素之间形成的化合物可作水消毒剂。下列叙述正确的是
A. 元素M的氧化物对应的水化物酸性比G的弱
B. 化合物Z2M、MY2中化学键的类型相同
C. ZX与水的反应属于氧化还原反应
D. 简单离子半径的大小顺序:X<Y<Z<M<G
“时间去哪里?能否找到它。时间,或许就在心里,就是渐渐懂得了什么是辛苦,什么是责任,什么才叫一个家……时间哪里都没去,就在原地等待着,等待着看一幕幕花开的芬芳,等待着懂得的人去做让它都感到幸福的事情。”这启示我们
①要正确把握好时间绝对运动和相对静止的辩证关系
②承认运动是物质固有的根本属性和唯一特性
③只有在时间静止的状态下我们才能感知亲情的可贵
④要善于在时间的相对静止中创造和把握当下的幸福
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
(中外历史人物评说)
材料 晏阳初(1890-1990年),近代中国著名平民教育家,被称作“世界平民教育之父”,被联合国聘为终生特别顾问。他的平民教育思想是具有中国特色的国民教育思想。20世纪20年代,他主持河北定县翟城村平民教育实验区的全面工作。开始工作时,实验区全面经费只有3600元,经晏阳初赴美募捐,资金困境得以改善,而人才的解决主要依靠晏阳初的人格魅力和引领作用。晏阳初要求博士们在衣食住行等日常生活方面,尽量“农民化”。在晏阳初指导下,洋博士们用在灯笼上写字的办法培养农民识字兴趣;在农药的配水比例上,技术人员掌握好“药”与“水”比例后,再用简单直观的方法告知农民,以药瓶瓶盖为单位进行配药,使老百姓很快就掌握了喷洒农药的技术。晏阳初倡导,平民教育运动不论男女、老幼、贫富、贵贱,皆有参加机会。平教会主编的《农民报》每期所登内容,农民投稿竟占一半。由洋博士主导的定县实验,由河北而湖南、四川,由中国而菲律宾、泰国、印度、委内瑞拉、哥斯达黎加。
——摘编自薛伟强《一场泥腿子与洋博士的完美邂逅》
(1)根据材料,概括定县平民教育的特点和取得成效的原因。
(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,分析晏阳初平民教育的影响。
近些年来,中国经济总量和发展水平不断提高同时,中国经济外部环境日益错综复杂。 2020 年 7 月 21 日,在企业家座谈会上强调,要逐步形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。构建双循环新发展格局应当( )
① 发挥内需潜力,更好联通和利用国内国际两个市场
② 建立独立的产业链供应链,有效应对外部经济波动
③ 立足自给自足,逐步降低经济的对外依存度
④ 强化开放合作,提升国内循环的效率和水平
A . ①③ B . ①④ C . ②③ D . ②④
《我在故宫修文物》这部纪录片里关于古代青铜器的修复引起了某研学小组的兴趣。“修旧如旧”是文物保护的主旨。
(1)查阅高中教材得知铜锈为Cu2(OH)2CO3,俗称铜绿,可溶于酸。铜绿在一定程度上可以提升青铜器的艺术价值。参与形成铜绿的物质有Cu和_______。
(2)继续查阅中国知网,了解到铜锈的成分非常复杂,主要成分有Cu2(OH)2CO3和Cu2(OH)3Cl。考古学家将铜锈分为无害锈和有害锈,结构如图所示:

Cu2(OH)2CO3和Cu2(OH)3Cl分别属于无害锈和有害锈,请解释原因_____________。
(3)文献显示有害锈的形成过程中会产生CuCl(白色不溶于水的固体),请结合下图回答:

① 过程Ⅰ的正极反应物是___________。
② 过程Ⅰ负极的电极反应式是_____________。
(4)青铜器的修复有以下三种方法:
ⅰ.柠檬酸浸法:将腐蚀文物直接放在2%-3%的柠檬酸溶液中浸泡除锈;
ⅱ.碳酸钠法:将腐蚀文物置于含Na2CO3的缓冲溶液中浸泡,使CuCl转化为难溶的Cu2(OH)2CO3;
ⅲ.BTA保护法:

请回答下列问题:
①写出碳酸钠法的离子方程式___________________。
②三种方法中,BTA保护法应用最为普遍,分析其可能的优点有___________。
A.在青铜器表面形成一层致密的透明保护膜
B.替换出锈层中的Cl-,能够高效的除去有害锈
C.和酸浸法相比,不破坏无害锈,可以保护青铜器的艺术价值,做到“修旧如旧”
某实验小组找到一段十几厘米长,用来做定值电阻的粗细均匀的导线,想要测定其电阻率,其操作步骤如下:
a.用螺旋测微器选取导线不同位置测量其直径

,求平均值并由此计算截面积S
b.用毫米刻度尺测出导线长度

c.选择仪器,设计电路,将导线连入,利用伏安法测电阻

d.根据电阻定律

计算电阻率
①上述操作中有一处明显失误,正确做法应为_____
②测量直径时,其中一次如图所示,其读数为_____


③若已知这段导体的电阻约为

,要尽量精确的测量其电阻值,已知电源电动势

,内阻可忽略不计,则除了需要导线、开关以外在以下备选器材中应选用的是_____.(只填字母代号)
A.电流表(量程

,内阻约

)
B.电流表(量程

,内阻约

)
C.电压表(量程

,内阻约

)
D.电压表(量程

,内阻约

)
E.滑动变阻器(

,允许最大电流

)
F.滑动变阻器(

,允许最大电流

)
④根据所选仪器,控制电路和测量电路应分别选择(_______)
A.限流 内接 B.限流 外接
C.分压 内接 D.分压 外接
One talk with Tom, I believe, ________ you will find he is outgoing.