阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。

 英国BBC一摄制组在南极拍摄帝企鹅《王朝》时，有约50只帝企鹅被困冰坑，历时两天无法走出困境，开始出现一些伤亡。摄制组经过深思熟虑，用铲子在冰坑周围斜坡上挖成楼梯状的沟槽，让帝企鹅成功走出冰坑。

 在自然纪录片行业中有一条“永不干涉”原则，即尊重大自然环境下发生的一切事情，工作人员不得对自然环境下的物种活动进行干预。摄制组的“间接干预” 自然有人反对，认为有违职业操守；但更多的观众表达了支持和赞美。

要求：综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题;不要套作，不得抄袭;不少于800字。

阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

流年

朱以撒

①早晨跑步回来，会绕一大圈，穿过一个露天的自由市场。每天清晨三四点钟，运货的车子随人到达，开始卸货、整理，只一会儿就满目青绿了。在送货上门的今日，有的人已不上商店。离这儿不远也有两个大超市，好几个便利店，原以为人们都奔那里去，其实不是。还是有很多人乐意到自由市场，尽管下雨了泥泞得很，水打湿了裤脚，兴致还是很高。

②道途几乎被人流塞满了，使得送货的车小心翼翼地进退。买菜的人四处观望，比较产品的形态和质量。这些菜都是清晨拔出的，闪动着露珠的光泽和汁水的莹润，萝卜根须上的泥屑，也证明它们离开土地未久，新鲜得令人称道。香葱那么细小，碧玉簪一般，葱管上还有少许白霜，没有人不带上一把。卖猪肉的此时正大刀阔斧地肢解，肉块在颤抖，闪动油亮的光泽。在海产品摊上，几十个盆子一字摆开。尤其是一些贝类，柔韧白晳的软体，此时从壳缝中伸出，似乎要融化于水。在一些人眼里，这样的市场是和土地连在一起的。人有认为它不如超市灯火通明排列有序，冬日有暖气，夏日有冷气，但它更像是生活中最基础的那部分，有过寻常日子的气息，在熙熙攘攘中，嘈杂声响中，这里维持着朴素的甚至有一些粗糙的时光。

③一些人总是会到某一个摊点买某一种产品，所谓老主顾。因为买和卖而相识、信任，买者不讨价，也不看秤，卖者绝不会诳熟、杀熟，从而维持一种简单持久而相互信任的关系。由于质量、分量的可信，他们会在每个清晨相逢。摊位是固定的，购买的人是流动的。一个摊位要让买者记住，肯定在上好质量的同时还要有自己的特色。譬如那几家卤味店，品种繁多，凡肉类蛋类豆制品皆可一卤了之，经过卤汁烹饪的鸭肝、鸡蛋、豆腐，冒着热气摆在盆子里，都呈现着古铜色的沉酣，卤汁把它们浓缩了，渗透到内部，使之有味且具有弹性。起始，买者不知哪一家风味独到，时日久了，就倾向于某一家，摊位上总是挤满了人。早市结束前，有的摊位已经卖得将尽，主人正悠闲地坐下来抽烟，而有的还一大半留存——这肯定是有缘由的，不是人的问题，就是物的问题。

④自由市场的自由，来自各自的营生。不管摊主，还是顾客，都乐在其中。一个人尽可以自夸产品，却不会妨害他人。和邻居的关系，密切得如同家人，相互照应着。自由也使人爱经营什么就经营什么，选择自己以为拿手的，而不趋风追求新异。摊位虽然固定，却可以摆出一些新意，使人路过，觉得主人的用心。

⑤大雨来临，每家一把巨伞撑开，正好遮盖了自己的所有产品。这里永远没有写字楼的办公味道。而泥土味、蔬笋味却常有，摊位上混浊不清的，如同他们腰间的围裙。一个人觉得这种谋生方式适宜自己，也就延此路数继续下来，不会想到更换，只是想如何做得更好，从而生活得更好。许多超市的出现，并没让他们感觉生存受到了挑战，在宇宙飞船的时代，路上还是有马车在行驶的。在一些人被超市吸引时，还有一些人依然和他们的自由市场同频。每个人都有自己的想法，人的情性从一些细小的分歧里就可以看出如此不同。生活方式是不是要随时代改变，或者随着人群的改变而改变，弃旧而迎新，我觉得还是要看是否自适。

⑥很明显的是，对于孩童来说，他们乐意前往超市，那里是一个敞亮洁净的乐园。任何物品都井然有序，就是一把葱、一袋土豆，都已去除根须、泥屑。而那大量的静止之物都已包装，纤尘不染，价格分明。整个购物过程全然无声也不必出声。这使孩童在超市里能够待比较长的时间，不会像在自由市场那般仓皇，闻不惯各种混杂的气味，还有泥泞中的烂菜帮子，让人难以抬脚。

⑦乡村离我们越发远了，只能在这样的一些市场里，看到远去乡村的一些影子，那些从土壤里拔出的青菜还带着土腥味未被清洗，搬运的人们挽着裤脚，手上都是泥泥水水。他们从郊外的田园来到城市，这些菜也在离开乡村的土地不久，从自由市场上被城里人买走，进入千家的烹调程序。生活每一天都在变，那是指速度，还有形态，但念头大抵是不变的、固定的。就像这自由市场，当每一天朝阳升起时，它依然以一种比较老旧的方式，吸引着与之相适应的人们。

（选自2019年1月11日《光明日报》）

____ with a new type of machine, the explorers went into a cave, hoping to find some buried treasure.

Many people believe that poverty is only a problem in rural areas. ________, it is also a problem in some urban areas.

___    the plan has been made, let's get down to     __   it out.

阅读下面作品，完成下面小题。

西洲何处

夏磊

在我喜欢的古代诗词里，《西洲曲》算是背得比较早的。年少时我家住在长江中间的南京八卦洲，头上是天，四面是水。“西洲在何处，两桨桥头渡。”每次念到这两句，就会想到江边上的那个渡口，并同时在脑海里遐想着渡口外边的世界和不知在何处的西洲。

后来，又读到温庭筠的“西州城外花千树，尽是羊昙①醉后春。”这才知道，原来古代真的有一座城池叫西州。西州城建于东晋，因为宰相谢安病重时途经西州门，他死后，羊昙不再出入西州门。有一天醉酒后不觉来到西州门，禁不住伏鞍痛哭。虽然诗里的西州城早已无从找寻，但这个名字却是再也忘不了了，并且它也像《西洲曲》里的西洲一样，虽然相隔不远，却只能在心里梦想着彼岸。

我其实也清楚，《西洲曲》里的西洲和温庭筠诗里的西州不是指的一个地方，但是我却情愿把它们拉近，我甚至相信渡口那边就是那个诗意的世界。

那年的三月，我们举家迁往江西，江水几个起伏就把我们的小船带到了江心，回望已是故乡的江北，渡口码头变得越来越小，最后模糊在了江雾之中，眼泪在这时已经淌进了脖领。我知道，我要去寻找我生命中的另一个西洲，“日暮伯劳飞，风吹乌桕树。”那里有乌桕，也有花千树吗？

人的一生就是从一个渡口到另一个渡口，从一个彼岸到另一个彼岸。渐渐地，我也过了总是在脑子里幻想西洲的年龄，生命中路过了几个渡口，也到达了几个彼岸，可我还是没能忘记从前的那点儿梦想。我不想放弃每一个彼岸，有谁来渡我过去呢？我此刻没有徘徊在自己的渡口，我想去其他的渡口看看。

那一次，我从武汉到长沙，走的路线大体上和屈原《涉江》里写的差不多。自从屈原“行吟泽畔”来到湘江岸边，后世文人在水边的喟叹抒怀就显得很小家子气了，没有谁可以直视“屈原问渡”的背影，也没有谁可以对他视而不见。那天屈原来到湘江边时，已是再次被流放了，“面色憔悴”“形容枯槁”，他在水边踯躅 ， 实际是到了思想和生命的一个渡口。飘然而至的渔父是一位高人隐士，也是一个“摆渡人”。只是屈原终于没有听渔父的话，没有到对岸去看看。他往故国方向走了一段，传来了亡国消息，遂万念俱灰，选择了投江，激起了千年波澜，中国的所有河流也跟着激荡起来。

屈原投江以后的一百多年，贾谊也遭贬来到了长沙的这个渡口，他在水边写了篇赋，投到江水之中。在这篇赋里，贾谊用许多比喻来称颂屈原。然而又取了一条折中的路子，他一时感叹“呜呼哀哉，逢时不祥”，一时又说“何必怀此都也”，总之是说，对岸还是要去的，办法总归是有的。

任何对屈原的评论都是多余的。他不是儒家，也不是道家，他只是诗人，诗人眼前的路没有阡陌没有迂回，除了往前还是往前，渔父的道家处世方略是说服不了他的。屈原追随先贤彭咸②而去，他没有渡到什么地方，却走到了天下人的心里。

我没有遇见生命中的“渔父”。我在早些年曾多次投宿在富春江边上的桐庐，在“鱼梁渡头”停留过。读过郁达夫的《钓台的春昼》，就想着寻访这个故地。一是因为它每每勾起我对老家渡口的怀念，还有就是我那时的工作压力很大，带着一百多人的团队惨淡经营，正是需要释放压力、探索出路的时候。

郁达夫是在上海“接到了警告，仓皇离去”，回到老家富阳而来到了这个渡口的。在一位洗米少妇的指点下寻到这夜渡，高喊两三声，船就来了。到了对岸，黑黢黢的桐君观却呈现了极好的景致，尤其是这里的秀和静，使得他想就在这里结庐读书，颐养天年。像严子陵③一样，管他什么高官厚禄、浮名虚誉。但他终于还是回到上海，加入了“中国民权保障同盟”，后来又参加了文化界爱国救亡活动。于是我们少了一个隐者，却多了一个战士。就是这样的能吟出“曾因酒醉鞭名马，生怕情多累美人”的江南名士，在去新加坡做抗战宣传时，写下了“抗战到底，一定胜利”这样的壮语。

江对面的严子陵不知道那天晚上这里发生了什么，他还在安享范仲淹送给他的“先生之风，山高水长”。而我们知道了郁达夫的选择，也无须太多的评价。郁飞先生说过，他父亲不是什么圣人，只是一个文人。但是我想，我们也可以把“山高水长”送给郁达夫。他就是一个作家，他永远知道自己在做什么，他忠于自己的选择。他本可以效仿严子陵，在江边寻一处钓台“结庐读书，颐养天年”，而他最终成为了一名烈士。富春江边的那个渡口没有留住他，一江春水在送走他的同时，永远记住了他。

站在富春江边看江水东去，我忽然想，渡口其实就在人的心里。追随自己的内心就无所谓此岸彼岸。于是，还是禁不住想起我的西洲了。

我喜欢《西洲曲》，在我看来，不论是“登楼扶瑶琴”，还是“采莲南塘秋”，西洲是一个可以托付梦想，托付思念，可以托付爱的地方。我梦想着人生的每一个渡口都是用爱来摆渡的，而到达的也是爱的彼岸。

（取材于夏磊同名散文）

注释：①羊昙：东晋名士，谢安的外甥，擅长唱乐，谢安十分欣赏他。②彭咸：商朝末年贤大夫，因为向纣王进谏不被采纳而投江。③严子陵：东汉高士，拒征召而归隐富春江衅，耕钓以终。

There are signs _________ restauraunts are becoming more popular with families.

_______ abroad for a tour can be a great honor for an ordinary person like me.

—I cannot afford the big house on my salary.

—Me neither. You see, the housing prices in Suzhou r high among those big cities in China.

下面文段有四处语病，请指出其序号并做修改，使语言表达准确流畅。

①制造业是国民经济的基础产业，②在经济发展中不可替代地发挥重要作用，③随着第四次工业革命的到来，使智能化成为制造业转型的基本方向。④发达国家致力于运用工业化和信息化深度融合的优势保持制造业的领跑地位。⑤近年来，我国制造业突飞猛进，⑥实现了产出规模世界第一的瞩目成绩，⑦但是，随着国际竞争的日益加剧，我国制造业存在大而不强、核心技术匮乏等问题严峻，⑧制造业大国地位仍然承受巨大冲击。

任务型阅读
    In a society such as the United states or Canada, which has many national, religious, and cultural differences, people highly value individualism—the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize information. Instead, they work individually and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.
    In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history, and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in much of the Orient reflects society's belief in group goals and purposed rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teaching methods are often very formal. The teacher lectures, and the students listen. There is not much discussion. Instead, the students recite rules or information that they have memorized.
    There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of education. For example, one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control. There is, however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.
    The advantage of the educational system in North American, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is , however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven't memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have..

	Students in the US and	Students in China, Japan and Korean
What do they value?		goals and purposes
Ways of study	working individually	listen to the teachers
	forming their own  ideas and opinions	memorizing and
	a lot of discussion in the classroom	not much discussion
	Learning to think for themselves	learning much more math and by the end of high
		studying more hours each day and more days each year
	good for a society that values ideas.	good for a society valuing and self-control
disadvantages	students haven't memorized many basic rules and facts when before	Information is forgotten easily

阅读下面这首唐诗，完成下列小题。

示弟

许浑

自尔出门去，泪痕长满衣。

家贫为客早，路远得书稀。

文字何人赏，烟波几日归。

秋风正摇落，孤雁又南飞。

阅读理解

    When I left my bag on a train, I lost my most precious possession, a small framed photograph of my great grandparents, Emily and Gordon Baker. The frame was made of silver, with an elegant flower design in one corner. The photograph was taken in March 1939 0n their wedding day. Emily looked very happy, and Gordon looked rather a larmed.  A few months later, he was killed in action in North Africa. I received the photograph when my aunt Mabel died.

    I'm a student at Edinburgh University and I live in an old Edwardian house.  At the end of last term, I packed a large bag and a small bag and set off for London, where I was planning to catch the Eurostar train to Paris. Minutes after getting off the train at Kings Cross Station, I realized that I'd left the small bag in the overhead luggage rack. I ran back to the train, but it had already left the platform. www..com

    This all happened several months ago, and I had become resigned to the loss of my most precious possession. then last week, something extraordinary happened. I logged onto the site ~ eBay and looked for a silver photo frame and I found it ! The photo of my great grandparents was on eBay !

    I called the person who was advertising it.   He was a little suspicious(怀疑 )  at first, and told me that he had bought it from a stall at an antique market. After we talked for a while, he asked if there was any way I could prove it was mine. All I could think of was that the photo was taken in March 1939. He opened the frame and made sure that this date was written by hand on the back of the photograph.

    “It's definitely yours. " he said.  "Come and get it ! "

仿照下面的示例，利用所给材料续写三句话，要求内容贴切，句式与所给内容相同。

示例：孟子、黄宗羲，著书立说，立潮头发先声，一代哲人具有鲜明的民本思想。

材料：

爱国精神      科技成就      文学贡献

屈原  林则徐  白居易  沈括  杨靖宇  袁隆平

遭贬谪吟歌赋  战沙场驱敌寇  埋头干创新见

探物究理      抵御外侮      感怀时事

Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ___ there won't be much work.

阅读理解

    In the 1600's when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States, they came across the ancestors of the modern-day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the basket makers, the Ancient ones, had lived in the area for at least 2000 years. They were an advanced agricultura people who used irrigation to help grow their drops.

    The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of earth and wood. Anasazi houses were originally built underground and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A. D., the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into multistoried complexes, which the Spanish called villages. Separate underground rooms in these villages—known as kivas or holy places—were set aside for religious ceremonies. Each kiva had a fireplace and a hole that was believed to lead to the underworld. The largest villages had five stories and more than 800 rooms.

    The Anasazi family was ruled by women. The sacred objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother or son. Women owned the rooms in the village and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to the men who, in contrast to most other Native American groups, planted them. The women made baskets and pottery; the men wove cloth and made jewelry.

    Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land arguments and religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neithboring villages and directed the men in commnity building projects. The political and social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for outer groups to conquer them.

下面文段有四处语病，请指出其序号并做修改，使语言表达准确流畅。

①“厉行节约、反对浪费”需从制度上遏制餐饮浪费现象不再出现，②并将其纳入法治轨道来治理。③具体而言，一是要进一步完善立法，④充分发挥法律的规范和引导作用；⑤二是针对餐饮浪费行为规定相应的处罚措施；⑥三是要加强对餐饮经营者的法律监管，⑦禁止设置最低消费额，建立节俭消费提示，⑧营造良好的餐饮消费环境；⑨四是要加强餐饮行业规范建设，⑩充分发挥餐饮行业协会在餐饮管理上的作用，⑪制定相应的餐饮企业管理、餐饮消费、餐厨垃圾处理等标准。

When         Beijing Opera masks, people usually use white to highlight        is bad in human nature.

阅读下面的文言文，完成下列小题。

郭崇韬，代州雁门人也，为河东教练使。庄宗即位，拜崇韬兵部尚书、枢密使。庄宗已郊 ， 遂立刘氏为皇后。崇韬累表自陈，请依唐旧制，还枢密使于内臣，而并辞镇阳。优诏不允。崇韬又曰：“臣从陛下军朝城，定计破梁，陛下抚臣背而约曰：‘事了，与卿一镇。’今天下一家，俊贤并进，臣惫矣，愿乞身如约。”庄宗召崇韬谓曰：“朝城之约，许卿一镇，不许卿去。欲舍朕，安之乎？”崇韬因建天下利害二十五事，施行之。明年征蜀，议择大将。时明宗为总管，当行。而崇韬以谗见危，思立大功为自安之计，乃曰契丹为患北边非总管不可御魏王继岌国之储副而大功未立且亲王为元帅唐故事也庄宗曰：“继岌，小子，岂任大事？必为我择其副。”崇韬未及言，庄宗曰：“吾得之矣，无以易卿也。”乃以继岌为西南面行营都统，崇韬为招讨使，军政皆决崇韬。崇韬素嫉宦官，尝谓继岌曰：“王有破蜀功，师旋，必为太子，俟主上千秋万岁后，当尽去宦官，至于扇马，亦不可骑。”李从袭等见崇韬专任军事，心已不平，及闻此言，遂皆切齿，思有以图之。庄宗闻破蜀，遣宦官向延嗣劳军，崇韬不郊迎，延嗣大怒，因与从袭等共构之。延嗣还，上蜀簿，得兵三十万，马九千五百匹，兵器七百万，粮二百五十三万石，钱一百九十二万缗，金银二十二万两，珠玉犀象二万，文锦绫罗五十万匹。庄宗曰：“人言蜀天下之富国也，所得止于此邪？”延嗣因言蜀之宝货皆入崇韬，且诬其有异志，将危魏王。庄宗怒，遣宦官马彦珪至蜀，视崇韬去就。彦珪以告刘皇后，刘皇后教彦珪矫诏魏王杀之。崇韬有子五人，其二从死于蜀，余皆见杀。其破蜀所得，皆籍没。

明宗即位，诏许归葬，以其太原故宅赐其二孙。

（节选自《新五代史·唐臣传》，有删改）

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材料一　子曰：“躬自厚而薄责于人，则远怨矣。”

（《论语·卫灵公》）

材料二　见善，修然必以自存也；见不善，愀然必以自省也。善在身，介然必以自好也；不善在身，菑然必以自恶也。故非我而当者，吾师也；是我而当者，吾友也；谄谀我者，吾贼也。

（《荀子·修身》）