北斗卫星导航系统对于国家发展有着重要意义。其实，大到国家，小到个人，都需要构建一个功能完备的导航系统，来促进发展、帮助成长。

1）上面有关“导航系统”的文字引发了你怎样的联想和思考？请联系现实生活，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇议论文。

要求：论点明确，论据充实，论证合理；语言流畅，书写清晰。

2）请以“我的导航系统”为题，联系现实生活，展开联想或想象，写一篇记叙文。要求：思想健康；内容充实，有细节描写；语言流畅，书写清晰。

    Research shows that pets help reduce stress．Do you know why and how?

    For those who love animals,  it's virtually impossible to stay in a bad mood when a pair of loving puppy eyes meets yours, or when a super - soft cat rubs up against your head． Research supports the mood - enhancing benefits of pets．A recent study found that men with AIDS were less likely to suffer from depression if they owned a pet． According to a study, men with AIDS who had pets were only about 50 percent more likely to report symptoms of depression, compared to men with (AIDS who didn't have pets．）

    While ACE inhibiting drugs can generally reduce blood pressure, they aren't as effective on controlling spikes in blood pressure due to stress and tension．However, in a recent study, a group of patients who got dogs or cats were found to have lower blood pressure and haut rates than those having no pets．When they heard of the results, most of those in the non - pet group went out and got pets !

    Whether we walk our dogs because they need it, or are more likely to enjoy a walk when we have companionship, dog owners do spend more time walking than non - pet owners, at least if we live in an urban setting．Because exercise is good for stress management and overall health, owning a dog can be credited with increasing these benefits．

    When we're out walking, having a dog with us can make us more approachable and pave people a reason to stop and talk, thereby increasing the number of people we meet, giving us an pop corduroy to increase our net - work of friends and acquaintances, which also has great stress management benefits．

    Peels can be there for you in ways that people can't．They can offer love and companionship, and can also enjoy comfortable silence, keep secrets and are excellent companions．And they could be the best killer to loneliness．In fact, research shows that nursing home residents reported less loneliness when visited by dogs than when they spent time with other people !  All these benefits can reduce the amount of stress people experience in response to feelings of social isolation and lack of social support from people．

注意：1.  对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2.  词数150  左右。  开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3.  作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。

    Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.           

侯夷门^①集志铭

（清）袁枚

余自沭移知江宁，客贺曰：“江宁有侯丞，槃槃大才，佐公，公必喜。”问其名，故予狎也。余壬子乡试，见有野而古者，危冠高履，口侯音，目睒睒斜视，如深山怪松，磊砢自异。识者曰：“此天台侯嘉络也。”予窃已奇之。与订交，廓落无町畦，益相爱。号夷门子，字元经。诗文迅疾，始于笔染，终于纸尽，挥霍睥睨，瞬息百变。每裹袖泼墨，数十人环而拥之。丞抽思乙乙，十指雨下，字迹旁行斜上，如长河坚冰，风裂成文，莫知条理，而天趣可爱。又如成相佹诗，穷劫野曲，可解不解，而俶诡独绝。

先受知于督学帅公，贡于乡，连试不售，出为主簿，调江宁丞。曹进曾退，温温无所试。既不得志于时，愈自纵。

一日大醉，登报恩寺殿，摩古佛罗汉数百尊，各赠诗万余言，书其顶，箕坐大呶。窗外风雨暴至，电光烛其手，益喜，奋笔不能休。且吐且书，取殿旁石臼戴头上，折旋舞如风。众僧疑为鬼神异物，不敢逼视，又疑病狂易，妄笑语昏乱。酒既醒，雷雨亦息。观其诗，奇字奥句，不能读也。举其臼，重千二百斤。运饷至京，以已所坐舆辇其妻秦氏，已策驴从之。妻免乳^②旅店中，丞徒步长吟数千里。判事喝笞数，辄睨抱牍吏：“决当否？”吏曰：“是 也。”丞大喜，号于众曰：“何如？”

镇江黄太守慕其才，招至署。未浃旬^③ ， 早起不见，觅之，赫然死厕旁。年五十二。其子某至自天台以柩归，卜葬毕，来问铭于余。余既奇君之才，而尤奇君之死，乃亦为奇语。遣抱磨者陷其石，以质君。

铭曰：文星炽炽，龙啮其系。拗怒坠地，无所吐气。以儒为戏，钦崎如是。执不律，如执鬼中，可以极无极，穷无穷。而卒不声于崖公。一笑去，泠然风；留委蛇，受机封。

（选自《小仓山房文集》）

（注）①侯嘉播（1698～1746年），字元经，号夷门，台州临海人，清代文人。②免乳：分娩。③浃旬：一旬，十天。

材料一：

人居环境泛指人类集聚或居住的生存环境，特别是指建筑、城市、风景园林等人为建成的环境。人居环境建设就是对人类居住环境的合理性设计，以包括乡村、集镇、城市等在内的以人为中心的人类聚居活动与以生存环境为中心的生物圈相联系，加以研究进行的规划。是对建筑学、城市规划学、景观建筑学的综合应用。其实，二战以后，人居环境建设这样的概念是提出了，但是它远没有到普及或者被人们广泛接受或者认可的程度。对于人居环境的追求和思考，我国也是近几年才有的事。随着经济和生产力的发展，人们越发开始对居住环境有所要求，与此同时，人地矛盾的日益突出，也使得对人居环境的研究变得火热。

人居环境包括与居民相关的人文状况和物质建设的所有“软”“硬”环境。人居硬环境即人居物质环境，主要由居住条件、生态环境质量、基础设施与公共服务设施水平组成。人居软环境是居民在利用和发挥硬环境系统功能中形成的生活方式、舒适程度、交流沟通、社会秩序。安全和归属感等非物质形态事物的总和。人居硬环境是软环境的载体，而软环境的可居性是硬环境的价值取向。人居软环境与硬环境的协调程度是衡量人居环境优劣和环境效益、社会效益、经济效益统一程度的主要标态。居住区环境设计应该以人为本，这个人不是物理或者生物学意义上的人，而是一个社会的人，是处在特定文化环境中的人。

居住环境是与人类居住行为密切相关的生活空间环境，以人为本的设计理念也是居住环境设计的必然和根本。规划设计是居住区建设的灵魂，科学合理的规划设计是居住区开发建设的第一步。新时期的居住区设计应该是一个对人的行为包括生活方式等进行深入理性思考而获得的结果，应该为社会公众提供合理的人性的“建筑空间”，并赋予其现代精神、人性化、个性化的生活方式与价值。居住区在总体规划的空间构思上，要体现文化的、地区的设计理念，总体布局应能与自然环境和城市环境和谐统一，并具有相对的独立性；其整体空间应能突出街区的多样性与统一性，为个性化与多样化的创作留出一定空间。现今流行的自由灵活的布局以及体现现代风格的弧墙曲顶、简约明快的线条色彩都在迎合现代人的审美情趣，体现着“以人为本”的设计理念。

我国幅员辽阔，各地区在生态、经济、科技、社会、文化等方面差异较大，其城市发展建设各有特色，人居环境建设在城市中的应用要注意立足于各地区实际，选择合适的切入点，实事求是地发展地方城市规划体系，如此才可能得到较满意的结果。

（摘编自徐宝月《人居环境建设》）

材料二：

当前，关注人居环境已经成为国际社会的一个潮流，成为各国政府和全社会共同关注的焦点问题之一。一个好的人居环境，应当体现三个方面：

具备优良的生态条件。无论是室内环境还是室外环境（公共环境），都要达到生态结构健全、生态系统平衡、生态链条完整的要求。就室内环境来说，各项建筑规划设计的规范指标，例如节能、节水，以及通风、日照、温度、隔音等等的指标，实际都是必须达到的生态指标。就室外环境来说，首先要保证“原生环境”因素，例如土壤、岩石、水、空气等的清洁无染。原生环境解决好了，“次生环境”因素，例如植物、动物、微生物就有了生存的依托，就会保持蓬勃的、多样性的发展。

贯彻节约型社会的原则。节能、节水、节材、节地，综合利用资源，发展循环经济等等，既是生态问题，也是经济问题。无论零个档次的商品住宅，都要讲究经济性。居住环境的档次拉得太大，反差太大，会产生许多负面作用。新中国成立初期，国家就对建筑设计提出过“经济、适用、美观”的方针。其排列顺序首先是经济，第二是适用，第三是美观。这个排序不但是过去有指导意义，现在虽然经济发展了，生活水平提高了，但按照节约至社会、可持续发展的观念，我们仍需借鉴。

要传承乡土文化。一个好的人居环境必然要传承文脉和乡土文化，同时具有高度的环境艺术水平。不同地域、不同民族、不同时代的环境艺术的物质构成（包括技术、材料等）和精神需求（包括心理、伦理和审美各个层次的需求）是不同的。就建筑造型而言，巴山蜀水之间的“吊脚楼”民居就与黄土高原地区的窑洞式住宅和拱券住宅、北京的四合院住宅、江南地区的粉墙黛瓦马头墙住宅以及福建、广东、广西的客家土楼住宅大相异趣。因此，我们要把各地的建筑文化艺术优秀传统很好地加以继承发扬。目前城市住宅造型出现了某种千城一面的“趋同”现象，这正是要通过提倡环境艺术来加以解决的问题。

（摘编自张元端《人居环境三要素缺一不可》）

    Kunta wondered why the white people had done this to him. Born a free man, he was now in chains. Heavy iron chains around his feet and hands were fixed to a metal bar that ran round the hall about ten centimeters off the ground. He was just able to lie down on the ground, but could not stand up.

    Kunta had been seized in the forest and then hit on the head with a hard object. When he woke up, his hands and feet had already been tied together. What shocked him most was that the men who carried him were black. He reasoned with them, and tried to persuade them to set him free. But they would not listen to him. When they came to the river, a white man was waiting in the boat for them. There was an argument about money, so it seemed, in a language that Kunta did not understand. Finally, Kunta was thrown into the bottom of the boat and covered with an old smelly cloth. The men took him in their boat to the castle on the coast where he was now held prisoner.

    Another thing which shocked Kunta was that women were held in the castle too. He could hear their crying, also children's voices. What was to become of them all, he wondered. For all his life, he had known that people suddenly disappeared from their villages. He had known that it was not safe to travel alone in the forest near the coast. But why did white people want to catch Africans and put them in chains? Would they be killed or even eaten? The situation seemed hopeless and he knew his life was in danger.

    Worse was to come. A few days later about 140 black people were taken and put on a tall sailing ship waiting off the coast. Once on the boat, they were taken below and their chains were fixed to two bars that ran the length of the ship. Their feet were fixed to one bar and their hands to another bar. Thus they lay on hard wooden boards, unable to stand up or move around.

    The sea journey lasted over sixty days and nights. They had rough weather and Kunta's back bled from rolling over on the hard wooden boards. Many of the men fell sick with fever. They sighed and cried out for more water, but food and water were only given out once a day. Once in a while sailors came down, Kunta thought, to carry sick men upstairs for treatment. When the ship finally arrived in a port, the wooden cover was opened wide and Kunta could see in daylight for the first time across the part of the ship where he had been chained. About a third of the people who had been chained up below at the beginning of the journey were missing.

萧伯纳说：一个理智的人应该改变自己去适应环境，只有那些不理智的人，才会想去改变环境适应自己，但历史是后一种人创造的。

作为新时代青年，应该改变自己去适应环境还是改变环境适应自己？请结合上述材料，写一篇文章，谈谈自己的看法。

【注意】①角度自选，立意自定，题目自拟。②明确文体，不得写成诗歌。③不得少于800字。④不得抄袭、套作。

—Yes，and what a pity！It will be a long time ________ we see each other again.

— It was on the very farm ___ we once worked.

    People do not analyze every problem they meet.Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a1problem.They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other times they begin to act without 2; they try to find a solution by trial and error.However, when all of these methods 3, the person with a problem has to start analyzing.There are six 4 in analyzing a problem.

    First the person must recognize that there is a problem.For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does.Sam must 5that there is a problem with his bicycle.

    Next the person must 6 the problem.Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work.For example, he must 7 the parts that are wrong.

    Now the person must look for 8that will make the problem clearer and lead to9  solutions.For example, suppose Sam 10 that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes.At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.

    After 11 the problem, the person should have 12 suggestions for a possible solution.Take Sam as an example 13, his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes, buy new brakes and change the old ones.

    In the end, one 14 seems to be the solution 15 the problem.Sometimes the16idea comes quite 17because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a 18way.Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake.He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19the brake.

    Finally the solution is 20.Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly.In short, he has solved the problem.

秋夕读书幽兴，献兵部李侍郎

岑参

年纪蹉跎四十强，自怜头白始为郎。雨滋苔藓侵阶绿，秋飒梧桐覆井黄。

惊蝉也解求高树，旅雁还应厌后行。览卷试穿邻舍壁，明灯何惜借余光？

（1）从诗歌题目中可得知，作者作诗的时间是，作诗的目的是。
（2）请结合诗歌内容，从抒情手法的角度简要赏析这首诗。

“苏轼的字好看吗？”倘或这样问你，你一定会诧异：如此著名的书法家，他的字还会不好看？但是你看，苏轼的字大多扁平，左重右轻，右上翘起，似乎摇摇欲坠，和一般人对汉字的审美南辕北辙。（甲）实际上，有人对苏轼的字做如此评价：石压蛤蟆。着实令人忍俊不禁。倒也贴切。评者乃苏轼好友黄庭坚。其实是苏轼先开的口：“鲁直（黄庭坚的字）近字虽清劲，而笔势有时太瘦，几如树梢挂蛇。”黄庭坚反唇相讥道：“公之字固不敢轻议，然间觉褊浅，亦甚似石压蛤蟆。”说罢两人大笑，均认为对方切中了自己的弊病。

此说源于王羲之的《笔势论》：“字之形势不宜伤长，长则似死蛇挂树；不宜伤短，短则似踏死蛤蟆。”由此看来，苏黄二人都是反“正道”而行之。（乙）苏轼不懂王羲之吗？绝非。故宫博物馆收藏的苏轼早年作品“治平帖”，是他三十几岁时所书。（丙）你能从中看到与王羲之、王献之神似的洒脱飘逸、细腻娟秀 ， 元代书法家赵孟頫赞誉其“字画风流韵胜”。