论述类文本阅读

阅读下面文字，完成各题。

①现如今，说起屏幕，人们已太过熟悉：无论是随身携带的手机等“小屏”，或是家中配备的电视、电脑等“中屏”，还是户外共享的影院银幕、展示投影等“大屏”，屏幕无处不在。它们样式纷繁、画质光鲜、功能各异，是人们视线的主导，深度参与大众日常生活。

②与此同时，“屏媒时代”也成为高频词，成为人们观察和讨论社会文化的一个重要视角。屏幕媒介又称为屏性媒介，是指利用现代数字成像技术与显示技术，为实现视像传载、信息交互等目的，被大众所广泛使用的现代化媒介。从1895年第一块电影屏幕的诞生，到如今“能上网、能拍摄、能看视频”的智能手机的普及，随着网络通信技术、数字媒体技术、高清显示技术不断发展，屏幕视觉化和交互化程度越来越高，功能日趋多元，不仅更加“好看”，也愈发“好用”。以可穿戴的移动小屏幕为主，联动各类屏幕进行交互，多终端设备共同运作，我们已经进入移动、多元、联动的“屏媒时代”。

③对于这种已不可或缺的媒介形式，人们既依赖于其便利，又不免产生担忧。屏幕越来越多，快速更迭，令人目不暇接，对人的自制力构成挑战，稍加放纵便会陷入无边的虚拟现实。近期，世界卫生组织提出建议：“电子屏幕使用应设置时限”，尤其是青少年群体更需注意。还有人指出：屏媒时代，传播内容多了，信息吸收效率却低了；互动功能强了，真情流露却少了。这让屏幕成为一些社会问题、“现代病”的“背锅侠”。针对屏幕问题的诸多争论，体现出人们在技术新旧更迭、时代变与不变中的种种思考。

④新媒介新技术会让我们的文化生活更好吗？答案是肯定的。通过屏幕，人们能看书、读图、欣赏音乐、观看影像，甚至体验交互。屏幕为各类文化内容提供更便捷的创作条件和更充分的展示空间。为抗击疫情，不少依赖实体环境的文艺活动受到限制，屏幕的普及在很大程度上缓解了这一问题。比如，在一系列数字化“云展览”中，人们不需踏出屋门，仅凭近在咫尺的屏幕便可体验观展，由此引发公众呼吁建设“虚拟公共艺术空间”。在与人工智能、大数据运算等技术相结合后，屏幕将由“设备”转型为更广义的“界面”，内容生产模式也随之革新。近期，如《全职高手》《穿越火线》等以虚拟生活为题材的文艺作品开始产生，也出现如“界面电影”“引擎电影”等新的艺术形式。由此可见，屏幕的发展是一种必然，随着科技进步， 媒介必将随之生长。

⑤发挥新媒介新技术的正向作用，关键在于“人”。屏媒时代对媒介素养提出更高考验，提升我们的媒介素养是必然选择。通过屏幕中介，虚拟世界与现实世界得以链接，虚拟生活同现实生活一起，成为现代人类生活不可割裂的一部分。从某种程度上来说，屏媒时代推动人类再次“进化”：视野更大、视线更远、视角更多元。但同时，我们也应该意识到：在屏幕背后的虚拟空间里，仅仅有着“真实的抽象”，屏幕是工具、载体，而不是实质。在充分利用屏幕便利性的同时，也要规避不利影响：既要从“我”做起，适当追求“极简主义”，不断学习恰当的运用方式，养成合理观看习惯，形成更加成熟的用屏模式；也要为他人着想，助力监管平台共同净化、精化屏幕内容，疏引优质精品，摒弃沉疴冗余，给真正有价值的文化内容以充分展示空间。

⑥不论未来屏幕如何发展，我们的生活不该被“像素”和“网速”捆绑，人与人之间的真实联结永远更值得追寻。在不断更迭的媒介变革中，只有不断锤炼和提升我们的媒介素养，才能真正发挥媒介作用，让技术造福生活。

(选自《人民日报》《“屏媒时代”更需提升媒介素养》)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

    Every student will (face) with the question when he or she (pass) the College Entrance Examinations: Should we choose a good major（专业） or a good university first?

    Some students preper to consider majors first so that they can learn they are interested in. It will also make possible for them to take their favourite jobs in the future. However, those who think (different) believe that the environment is important to one's (develop) and that graduates from leading universities are often more likely  (find) a good job.

    In my opinion, the best choice is a good major at a good university. If we cannot obtain , the first thing to consider is a good major, because no matter we study, we can still achieve a lot in certain field if we try our best.

阅读下面这首宋诗，完成下面小题。

王充道送水仙花五十支，欣然会心，为之作咏

黃庭坚

凌波仙子生尘袜，水上轻盈步微月。

是谁招此断肠魂，种作寒花寄愁绝。

含香体素欲倾城，山矾①是弟梅是兄。

坐对真成被花恼，出门一笑大江横。

【注释】①山矾，别名郑花、芸香、七里香，春桂，花小洁白玲珑，香气袭人，人们采摘郑花不惜借用矾石把服装染黄，黄庭坚因其名太俗，改为山矾。

阅读表达

    A life coach is somebody who helps you reach all kinds of personal and professional goals （目标） ．Each of us has the ability to be our own life coach．Here are some tips for you:

♦ Pay attention to your relationships with others

    Ask yourself the following questions: How do you deal with disagreements? When was the last time you showed your family members that you care for them? Your relationships with friends, family members and teachers show a lot about the kind of person you are.

♦ Face the fears about the future

    Now, imagine that one of your good friends told you that he or she was not strong enough to go back to school． We often give better advice than we are willing to take ourselves．Remember that even the most successful people were probably told that what they wanted to do was impossible, but they followed their dreams and succeed.

♦ Develop your talents

    If you want to reach your goals, you will have to spend more time developing the talents you already have, and uncovering any hidden talents that you haven't discovered yet．So you can take classes in subjects that you are interested in, even if you have no experience.

♦ Be thankful

    Take some time to be thankful for the things you do have．Remember positive memories. Think of the best day（s） you have had in the past month or year．Remember special parties, vacations and holidays．Appreciate the wonderful people you have in your life.

It is illegal to read other's private letter without p.

阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

我就等拆迁

伍中正

宋玉生的房子低、矮，逢雨必漏。他对自己的房子特别不满意，一心盼望着拆迁。那年，宋玉生30岁。

有天早上，宋玉生从门前的枫树上的高音喇叭里听到了一个让他振奋的消息。在离宋村三十里开外的地方要建一个大型变电站，那地方有十多户人家要搬迁，并且，那十多户人家的房子由政府统一修建后，再分给他们。也就是那天早上，宋玉生就萌生了一个希望，将来哪一天，自己的房子也能名正言顺地拆迁。

不到一年，变电站建好。宋玉生去看变电站。除了变电站，宋玉生最关心的是那些拆迁户。他跑到统一安置的住房一看，一栋栋房屋果真整齐漂亮。回来的路上，他就想，自己的房子有那么漂亮就好了。

好不容易到来的一次拆迁机会却与他擦肩而过。宋玉生那年40岁。

那一年，从葛洲坝输往广州的高压线路经过宋村。测量线路时，宋玉生拉着一位测量员问，路线经过不经过他的房屋？他那破屋碍事不碍事？测量员说，还说不准，要等整个线路的测量数据都计算好再定。

等吧。宋玉生不再犹豫。

后来，宋村有3户人家的房屋需要拆迁。那3户人家的房子由政府出钱修建，3幢房子建好，在丽日蓝天下格外漂亮。

宋玉生开始埋怨：那条线路怎么就不经过自己的房屋？

50岁那年，宋玉生的身体再没有以前健康，时常咳嗽，还伴随头晕。可是一听到要拆迁的消息，他就会强打精神。

那一年，县里要在宋村修建一个农药厂。整个村里，再没有比宋玉生更兴奋的。宋玉生逢人便说，只要项目一开工，自己就可以拆迁，就可以享受到政府修建的好房子。他经常出现在人堆里，开口闭口就是拆迁。

这个项目让宋玉生兴奋了一年。那一年，宋玉生的咳嗽和头晕仿佛减轻了很多。

一年后，农药厂的建设没有一点儿动静。

后来他才明白，建农药厂是县长的想法，没经过科学论证。有专家提出，在宋村坚决不能修建农药厂，专家还列出了不能建厂的8条理由。

宋玉生的病情慢慢加重。他的房子越来越破败。

村主任宋家宝每次见到宋玉生就说，玉生老爹，村里愿意出钱翻修你的房子，房子拆迁，说不定等上好多年呢。

宋玉生说，不翻修，我就等拆迁，愿意等。

60岁那年，宋玉生大病了一场。宋家宝领着村医去看宋玉生。村医拿出听诊器搁在宋玉生胸口，还摸着宋玉生的手，辨别着他的脉象。

听完看完，村医给了宋玉生一些药，叮嘱他怎么吃。

临走，宋家宝说，今年，宋村将引来市里的公墓建设项目，需要宋村几座山，说不定，你的房屋将被拆迁。

真的！宋家宝肯定。

不久，宋玉生用颤抖的手在房屋拆迁协议上签了字。

签完字的那天晚上，宋玉生一阵猛咳，一口气没接上来，就走了。那年他61岁。

宋玉生走的时候，手里紧紧抓着那份拆迁协议。宋家宝说。

宋家宝在村委会上提议，一直单过的宋玉生用不着分房子了。他的钱，放在宋村的账户上，往后，谁家的孩子考上大学，拿出一部分作为学费。

宋家宝的建议很好，村干部都答应，村民也答应。

2011年春，宋家宝讲了同族人宋玉生的故事。我一直没有怀疑这个故事的真实。

按辈分，宋玉生，我应该叫他叔。

后来，我才知道，我的命运跟宋玉生紧紧地连在一起。我还知道，村里其他孩子的命运还将与他连在一起。

我就是拿着宋村，也就是宋玉生的钱念完大学的。这是一个老人等了半辈子却没有享用的房屋拆迁费用。

大学毕业，我选择留在宋村小学。每次上课，我对孩子们说，只要你们用心学习，考上大学，村里就会有一个人为你们提供学费。那个人是谁，我没有告诉孩子们，孩子们也没有问。

每年清明，我都领着宋村小学的孩子们在宋玉生的坟头放上一挂长长的鞭炮，撒上纸钱。

空旷的天空下，宁静山野中，那一挂鞭炮清脆激越的声音，传播得很远，很远。

（选自《小小说选刊》2017年第12期，有删改）

I was driving when suddenly the rain poured down which was                  by thunder and lightning.

An ant was drinking by a small river when it fell in.It made ______ efforts to reach the side，but made no progress at all.

阅读理解

    I was always blamed for watching too much cartoons. As I have said goodbye to my teenage, I shift to watching more movies to prove that I was a grown-up. Surprisingly, I found that movies have something in common with cartoons. They are unrealistic.

    Sometimes movies give people hope, including the hope of justice, the hope of tomorrow and almost everything else. A great number of people were once touched by certain movies. From time to time, movies try to deliver some decisive ideas to the audience. In this way, movies do cheer up many people to go on with their lives.

    It seems that there is a set formula in movies. We usually see the hero or heroine in the movies suffer a lot in the opening. Gradually and likely, the destination of them always comes to a turning point. So they have to struggle or make some important choices. Then the movie ends up with a happy finale. Or at least the hero finally manages to face his poor life with great courage somehow. However, when audience watch movies in the cinema, most of them just follow the story. Few of them may ask, “Will it happen in the real life？”

    Movies are also imitating the real life. Thus a movie, just like a novel, can never be the same as the real life. The setting of a movie is so ideal that we could hardly find it out in reality. The moviemakers just try their best to persuade the audience to believe the story is true. In a word, it is all just make-believe.

    For quite a long time, I think that the adults' world is realistic in the opposite way of the children's cartoon. However, the movies from the adult world turn out to be a made-up thing. At the very moment, I suddenly realize that movies are somewhat of the adult's fairy tales or cartoons.

    To sum up, other than false comfort such as movies and tales, we are more in need of the maturity of mind, so that we can face our lives bravely and correctly.

假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人们过重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival）。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：

1）.出发及返回时间；

2）.活动：包饺子、表演节目等。

注意：

1）.词数100左右；

2）.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3）.结语已为你写好

Dear Lucy,

    ……

Looking forward to your replay .

Yours，

Li Hua

N_A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列关于0.2 mol·L^－1 K₂SO₄溶液的说法正确的是(   )

选词填空

同温同压下，等物质的量的 和 相比较，下列叙述正确的是（   ）

N_A为阿伏加德罗常数的值．下列说法正确的是（ ）

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

2019年12月17日，央视《新闻直播间》播出题为“冬日爱心早餐 为环卫工人送温暖”的新闻。被报道者是宁波市北仑城区一家酒吧的老板娘黄小琴，她在冬天最冷的一个月为环卫工人免费提供早餐，被当地人亲切地称为“宁波好人”。

事迹被报道后，有网友评论，酒吧是专门为城市的中高档消费者提供消闲娱乐的场所，并非一家专做馒头大饼的早餐店，黄小琴夫妇是不是在沽名钓誉，或者为自己的酒吧“打广告”。

有社会学者认为，黄小琴夫妇对环卫工人的善举，不仅在为环卫工人送温暖，而且告诫大家要尊重、关爱环卫工人；他们对环卫工人的善举，暖的是社会大家庭。

要求：结合材料的内容和问题，选好角度，表明你的态度，阐明你的观点；不要套作，不得抄袭；不能泄露个人信息。

写出下列物质的结构式

①CH₄　 　②NH₃   　    ③Cl₂　 　．

线性方程组 的增广矩阵为（    ）

阅读理解

    A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another.

    I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and…I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction(互动). With email and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mum has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.  

    As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated(自动化), the alienation index(疏远指数) goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated.

    I am not against modern technology. I own a cell phone, an ATM card, a voice mail system, and an email account. Giving them up isn't wise…they're a great help to us. It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy.

    More and more. I find myself hiding behind email to do a job meant for conversation. Or being relieved that voice mail picked up because I didn't really have time to talk. The industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier…or at least facilitating my antisocial instincts.

    So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging with people who live near me, no cell phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home.

某期刊封面上有如下一个分子的球棍模型图。图中“棍”代表单键或双键或三键。不同颜色的球代表不同元素的原子，该模型图可代表一种（   ）

下列说法正确的是