Many of us may be eating food containing GM（转基因的) ingredients without realizing it. Are GM foods safe for people? Can they help solve the poverty problem? They have been the subjects of a hot debate.
  This debate is related to increasing challenges from rising climatic change, population growth, urbanization, and natural resource consumption. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, food production needs to increase by 60 percent by 2050 in order to feed 9 billion people. Scientists and policymakers are searching for effective ways to gain nutritious food, for today and future. Unlike previous agricultural methods (such as the Green Revolution), GM crops are to fight food safety and poverty challenges.
  The great expansion of GM crop varieties over the last two decades can be seen easily. The total area devoted to GM crops has increased 100 times from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 170 million hectares in 2012. Developing countries now grow more GM crops than developed countries (in terms of area), largely driven by Brazil’s rapid adoption of GM crops. China is home to about 4 percent of the total global area devoted to GM crops. Beans, corn, and cotton are main global GM crops, while China’s focus is on cotton, papaya, and poplar.
  Recently, a scientific study shows that GM crops are safe for people and the     environment. According to a 2010 report on the safety of GM crops by the EU, “the main conclusion to be drawn from the efforts of more than 130 research projects, covering a period of more than 25 years of research, and involving more than 500 research groups, is that biology methods, are not more risky than traditional planting technologies, for example.” Other international and national scientific bodies, such as the World Health Organization, have reached the same conclusion.

32. As for GM crops, what do people mainly focus on ?

A. Food production.        B. Food nutrition.      

C. Food safety.            D. Food variety.

33. What does Paragraph 3 talk about?

A. More GM crops in developing countries.

B. Less GM crops in developed countries.  

C. Rapid adoption of GM crops in Brazil.

D. The expansion of GM crop varieties of the world.

34. From a recent scientific study, we can infer that______.

A. traditional planting technologies are more risky

B. the safety of GM crops has been proved in many ways

C. the safety of GM crops was reported by the EU  in 2010

D. present GM crops are safe for people and the environment

35. What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM crops?

 A. Supportive.        B. Opposed.       

C. Unknown.        D. Indifferent.

 The idea has been widely accepted_________ man should live in harmony with nature.

   A. that       B. how         C. if           D. when

 We went through the report ________ but what disappointed us was that the detailed information we wanted wasn’t provided anywhere.

A. thoroughly  B. absolutely  C. entirely  D. completely

Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear.      __36__ We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don't feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.

Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale. Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide.    __37__

The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水银) inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts (收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube.    __38__

First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw (吸管) through the nail hole.     __39__

Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water lever easily.      __40__

As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.

A．We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.

B．Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.

C．Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.

D．The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.

E．They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.

F．Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把……粘住) them together.

G．People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.

While going through life with the pursuit of money on our mind, we're often told that money can't buy happiness. But what truth is there in the saying? Is there a relation between money and happiness?  36 

    Humans are very sensitive to change. When we get a rise, we really enjoy it. But some studies have shown that in North America, additional income beyond 75,000 dollars a year stops impacting day-to-day happiness.  37   They often end up spending all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.

    So surely money can't really buy happiness. Well, recent studies suggest that the problem may actually be in the way that we spend money.  38  Studies show that people who spend their money on others feel happier. As for the people who spend money on themselves, their happiness is unchanged.

      39  0ne experiment showed that instead of an organization writing a large check to a charity, dividing the amount up among employees, allowing them to contribute to a charity of their choice, increased their job satisfaction. Similarly, individuals that spend money on each other, as opposed to themselves, not only increase job satisfaction, but improve the team performance.

      40  Interestingly, the specific way money is spent on others isn't important. Spending something on others is the important aspect of increasing your happiness.

A. The same principle has been tested on teams and organizations as well.

B. Money has more effect on the vast majority of people in the long run.

C. Instead of buying things for yourself, try giving some of it to other people and see how you feel.

D. And if so, how can we use it to our advantage?

E. Almost everywhere we look in the world, we see that giving money to others is positively related to happiness,

F. And while you're saving up for these greatest experiences, don't forget the daily joys in life.

G. In fact, people who win a lottery often report becoming extremely unhappy.

假设你是李华，在国庆黄金周中，你班组织了一次郊游，途中你发现了许多同学的不文明的行为，比如乱扔垃圾，在建筑物上路途乱画，采摘花草，在公众场合大声喧哗等等。请你就这一现象写一篇英语短文，呼吁大家进行绿色、环保旅游。

注意：1. 词数100左右。2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

 As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to 　　　 the problem. 

A. handle       B. raise      C. face        D. present

Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.

On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.

Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.

No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.   

32. The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.

A. keep                   B.  build                    C. recreate                D. evaluate

33. According to the author, the teacher should _______.

A. free students from outside pressures

B. set the standards and rules on his own

C. be responsible for a well-organized class

D. focus more on instruction and evaluation

34. From the passage we can learn that ______.

A. rules cannot be changed once they’re formed

B. outside pressures can not cause tension among students

C. if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task

D. if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess

35. What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

A. To provide information for teaching.

B. To show the importance of teaching a class.

C. To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.

D. To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.

     生活中困难不可避免，面对困难需要信心。假如你是李华，尝试举例说明信心在学习、考试、生活等方面的作用，并就面对困难的态度谈谈你的看法。

注意：

(1)可适当加入发挥，以使行文连贯;

(2)词数：100左右。

______________________________________________________________________

For her, happiness ________ helping those in trouble.

A. consists of  B. consists in﹙在于﹚

C. makes up     D. lie in﹙在于﹚

假定英文课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。

修改：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

      2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I'd like to talking about my most memorable experience.It was trip to Australia I had three years before with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plant in my life.My mum worried a lot,so everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two week and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our performances there,we have much excitement.We spent on almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and swam in the blue sea.But warmly Australian nights were which I adored most of all.It was a time of joy.light .music and summer parties.

When I was a kid, most of my friends could stay home from school due to a stomachache or a fever but not me. I had to be lying in order to   31   home. My parents used to say that they were teaching me how to have a   32   work ethic (职业道德). I didn’t see the   33   until last week.

I was on the train and sat behind a young man who was   34   to his friend about his life. His dream in life was to make movies but he wouldn’t   35   it because he had no clue if he could make enough money and he didn’t want to   36   time because it probably would take months or years to make it   37  . He then admitted to thinking about becoming a(n)   38   because he thought he could easily make six figures within one year. His   39   agreed because as he put it, “I have no   40   to work long hours and not make much money. Besides, defending cases in court is good because you can make a lot of money and only work short hours.”

Many people these days don’t   41   that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of   42  , determination and time have   43   into it. It wasn’t due to some unbelievable   44  . Someone once told me that you may know   45   someone is an expert in his given field or not by how easy he makes it look. The   46   it looks, the more hours go into it.

There is no excuse for   47  . In the television show Fame, the dancer teacher told her students, “If you want fame, fame   48   and here’s how you start paying for it, in sweat.” Every time I watch that show, my dad would state how   49   she was because in order to   50   you have to work hard. He would go on and on about how bad it is to be lazy.

31. A. leave                B. stay             C. get              D. call

32. A. reliable             B. different            C. good             D. new

33. A. answer               B. evidence         C. result               D. connection

34. A. explaining           B. complaining      C. writing          D. lying

35. A. read             B. follow               C. appreciate           D. change

36. A. share                B. get              C. save             D. waste

37. A. big                  B. important            C. strong               D. proper

38. A. expert               B. artist               C. editor               D. lawyer

39. A. companion            B. teacher          C. parent               D. brother

40. A. choice               B. time             C. desire               D. chance

41. A. convey               B. ensure               C. show             D. realize

42. A. potential            B. pressure         C. effort               D. intelligence

43. A. put                  B. gone                 C. broken               D. reached

44. A. event                B. accident         C. story                D. speed

45. A. because              B. why              C. whether          D. when

46. A. easier               B. lighter              C. better              D. harder

47. A. sorrow               B. laziness         C. despair          D. envy

48. A. splits               B. arises               C. works                D. costs

49. A. natural              B. beautiful            C. right                D. kind

50. A. succeed              B. develop          C. finish               D. rest

 He convinced me ______ the difficulty of the work.

A. on            B. at             C. for           D. of

In the middle of April , if you walk through Jinghong,   61    capital of Xishuangbanna region in Yunnan Province ,    62   (chance) are that you’ll get very ,very wet. The Dai people will be celebrating their water-splashing festival from April 15 to 17, marking the new year for the Dai ethnic minority.

   Lonely Planet , one of the world’s    63      (large) travel brands , has described what happens:“ People race around the streets of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking （浸透）every person  64   sight with buckets of water. ”

    65      (tradition), water would be collected and poured only on family members as a symbolic way   66     (ensure) good luck in the coming year. Dai people believe that the wetter you get, the luckier you will be.

   Although water    67      (play) a vital role in the celebration, there is much more to the festival , especially during the first two days   68     water splashing is comparatively kept under control, according to Lonely Planet. People wear their best clothes , while older women in nearby villages   69      (dress) in special costumes. They gather with their families and visit Dai temple . There , they wash the statues of Buddha with water , a practice    70     (know) as “ Bathing the Buddha.”

Games in Class

       Playing computer games is getting serious. Washington teacher Tammie Schrader is so enthusiastic about computer games in education that she thinks they can be used to teach programming skills which will help students in college——starting in middle school.

       Canadian teacher Justin Holladay wrote a few simple games to help his students practice math skills, and when they caught on, he started his own company to create more of them.

       And the University of Washington’s Zoran Popovic got more than 4,000 Washington students to master their lessons this spring by playing a computer game for just a few hours.

       The growing availability of inexpensive tablet computers and a new generation of young teachers who grew up playing on computers have spurred (激发)interest in games for serious purposes.

       “Six or seven years ago, selling games to schools was forbidden,” said David Martz of Muzzy Lane Software, a Boston, US company that produces games for publishers such as McCraw-Hill. Now, he said, schools are interested in the promise of games—perhaps because gaming is so much more popular.

       Software and education companies have tried for many years to combine youngsters’ passion for computer games with educational progress, without much success.

       Popovic thinks the first effort to combine games with education fell flat because they were created by commercial companies. These companies were more interested in selling products than seeing students master a skill.

       Teachers say there are some pretty good games in the marketplace now.

       Holladay, the math teacher from Alberta, Canada, began moving paper-based math games to the iPad, building games that allowed students to compete with each other and giving them instant feedback(反馈) on their progress.

       The game reinforced(加强)the lessons he was teaching, and his students had fun playing, he said. “They were a lot more engaged.”

21. What factors have helped promote computer games in schools according to the article?

       a. The affordability of tablet computers.

b. The preferences of young teachers.

c. The advertisements of commercial companies.

d. Parents’ support.

e. Better games being produced.

A.a,b,c           B.a,c,d           C.a,b,e           D.b,d,e

22. What is Holladay’s attitude towards the idea of using computer games in class?

       A. It allows students to learn in a fun way.

B. It is not as helpful as people thought it would be.

C. It reduces the interaction between teachers and students.

D. It sounds good but it makes it inconvenient for teachers to get feedback from students.

23. The writer’s attitude towards the use of computer games for education is          .

       A. objective           B. negative             C. critical              D. supportive.

 —I was walking on the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.

—You can never be 　　　 careful in the street. 

A. very                B. too                   C. so                       D. much

Physical education plays a vital role in the students’ development and growth. According to recent medical studies, physical well-being of a student is directly related to his or her performance whether in class or in the office. 36

It’s a link to good health.

37 It’s only in physical educational classrooms that students learn the value of taking care of themselves through proper grooming, healthy eating and regular exercise.

38_

Many doctors today agree that obesity is a serious health risk. Without any form of diet management and control with the numerous processed food students intake every day, a student’s health can easily be at risk to many diseases. Physical education in school is a preventive measure to teach students the value of regular exercise.

It promotes academic learning.

Physical health allows students to function better in classrooms. A good cardiovascular system developed from regular exercise promotes excellent blood and oxygen circulation. 39 This circulation produces longer attention span during classes allowing longer concentration and absorption.

It builds self-trust.

Students who are active in physical activities are more confident with themselves according to most social school studies. It’s probably because of the self-discipline and dedication to excel in a sport that brings out the best in students. In school, the physical education program introduces these sport activities to students.  40

It promotes a physically active lifestyle.

The purpose of physical education is to instill in students, at an early age, the value of self-preservation and choosing a lifestyle that is good for both the mind and body.

A．The article will give you reasons to agree.

B．It is the best way to cure your illnesses.

C．The value of physical fitness can never be overstated.

D．It’s a preventive measure against disease.

E．They can make choices about which sport they get involved in.

F．Some students prefer to abandon such activities.

G.  This means more nutrients circulate throughout the body.

A lot of fresh students think attending university lectures is a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps  36  the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard,37  reading material and giving out  38  .The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and  39  what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture  40  notes which do not catch the main points and  41  become hard even for the 42 to understand.

Most institutions provide courses which 43 new students to develop the skills they need to be 44 listeners and note-takers. 45 these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which 46 learners to practice these skills 47 .In all cases it is important to 48 the problem  49 actually starting your studies.

It is important to 50 that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills 51 in college study. One way of 52 these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the 53 year. Another basic 54 is to find a study partner 55 it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.

36.A. extending             B. illustrating             C. performing       D. conducting

37.A. attributing           B. contributing             C. distributing         D. explaining

38.A. assignments           B. information          C. content          D. definition

39.A. suspects          B. understands          C. wonders          D. convinces

40.A. without           B. with                     C. on               D. except

41.A. what              B. those                    C. as               D. which

42.A. teachers          B. classmates               C. partners             D. students

43.A. prevent               B. require              C. assist               D. forbid

44.A. effective             B. passive              C. relative             D. expressive

45.A.Because            B. Though               C. Whether          D. If

46.A. enable                B. stimulate                C. advocate             D. prevent

47.A. independently         B. repeatedly               C. logically            D. generally

48.A. evaluate          B. acquire              C. handle           D. form

49.A. before                B. after                    C. while                D. for

50.A. predict               B. acknowledge          C. argue                D. ignore

51.A. to require            B. required                 C. requiring            D. are required

52.A. preventing            B. dealing              C. sustaining           D. overcoming

53.A. average           B. ordinary                 C. normal           D. academic

54.A. statement             B. strategy                 C. situation            D. suggestion

55.A.in that                B. for which                C. with whom        D. such as

I have forgotten______ you put the dictionary.

A. that it was there     B. where was it that

C. that where it was     D. where it was that

With hospitals and nursing homes tending to thousands of patients every year accidents can and do happen. These incidents whether they are through carelessness or otherwise, can leave patients feeling powerless. That’s not the case.

    “There is growing public awareness. People are feeling they have more rights and they have tools in hand to make a complaint,” said Ralph Montano, spokesman for the California Department of Public Health, which regulates hospitals and long-term care facilities in the state.

    That department received more than 6000 complaints about hospitals in 2007; in the most recent year statistics are available. The complaints can be about mixed-up lab results, medicine errors, foreign objects left in a patient during surgery or a host of other topic.

    Similarly, the California department of Aging received 43,000 nursing home complaints in 2014. Some said patient abuse or neglect of patients; others reported missing items. And some commented on the quality of the food.

    But finding the channels through them to put forward a complaint can be tiring and time consumption. Many consumers simply don’t bother, and some become lost in the system. Whether the complaint is against a hospital or a long-term care facility, the process is similar—and many people can help, including the facility’s staff, insurance company representatives and state regulators.

If you want to make a complaint while in the hospital, Patti Harvey, vice president of quality and patient care

services for Kaiser Permanente in Southern California, recommends talking with the bedside nurse. If that doesn’t work, you can talk with other people higher in the chain of command, up to the hospital administrator. If the problem isn’t still taken care of—say you disagree with your treatment plan or have a problem with your doctor—member service offices at each hospital can help address your concerns.

1. Why are there more complaints from patients?

  A. Because there are more departments to deal with complaints.

  B. Because in the hospital there are more accidents than before.

  C. Because it’s convenient for people to put forward complaints.

  D. Because hospitals have more and more rights.

2. Many consumers don’t make a complaint because __________.

A. complaints are bad for a long-term care facility

B. few accidents happen          

  C. many complaints are lost      

D. it takes time to make a complaint

3. The last paragraph mainly tells us _________.

A. to solve problems with the hospital quickly

  B. something about Patti Harvey

  C. how to make complaints in the hospital

  D. we should say we disagree with the treatment plan

4. Who can help if you complain against a hospital or a long-term care facility?

  A. Jack—a representative of an insurance company.

B. Peter—a medical officer from the government.

  C. Rudy—a headmaster of a medical university.

  D. Tom—a teacher of a medical school.