I’m 30 years old, and there are several things that life has taught me that I want to share with you．Here are the 4 lessons that life has taught me in the past 30 years．

1.Take care of your body

Life is “unfairly” biased（偏向的） towards people who “look good,” like it or not．So it’s important that you do all that is in your power to look your best．    36    You will live longer, and you will live happier, if you take care of your body; you may even get promoted faster on your job．Remember that your health is really your greatest wealth．

    2.    37  

    No one taught me to save when I was growing up; no one told me the importance of saving．Fortunately I was able to learn the value of saving through reading great books like “The Millionaire Next Door”．What I want to teach others is to save at least twenty percent of your income．If you are to be wealthy, you must not just earn a lot, you must save a lot．

    3.Think in the long term.

    In high school I was thinking about college, in college I was thinking about life after college．I’m designing my life and I’m making decisions today that will enable me to live the life I desire when I’m in my 40’s, 50’s and 60’s. You have to think in the long term; you have to see the “big picture．”    38   

    4.Realize the power of focus

    Focus, focus, focus…    39    If you fail in this lifetime, you will fail because of broken focus．If you focus on the goals that are most important to you, you will achieve them．The problem is that there are so many distractions．    40    Winners decide to major on majors, and they even let important things slip, because they just focus on achieving what is critical to their goals．

A．The importance of saving.

B．If you plan your future properly, you will live into your plans.

C．Save your money.

D．Nothing is more critical than focus．

E．What separates the winners from the losers is that the winners learn to focus on their goals．

F．I mean dressing nicely, working out and eating right．

G．It’s critical that you pursue relationships with individuals who are good first．

    Freshmen anywhere may be nervous about university life．Here, three pieces of advice

are for them.

Listen but don't be silent

   The world is held in students’ hand via smart phones. Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important. 36  It forces students to face the difficulties of training a deep attentiveness．Unsurprisingly, students find it hard to speak out, ask questions or for points of clarification. They don't want to appear foolish or incapable. However, there is no such thing as a foolish question. Teachers are there to help you understand. This also goes for seminars and workshops. 37

Read and buy books

    38  There're so many useful online sources today, but the habit of reading books, especially whole books, is something being lost. Buy your own books．There are many bargains to be found on used-book websites or through Amazon. Being a book lover and buyer will help any student get the most out of their education.

    39

    As a student, you don't just have to learn to listen and become an active reader: you also have to become an academic writer. Written work at college level cannot be done at the last minute or in a rush. It takes time. Turn to your teachers. If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback（反馈）ahead of the final submission. 40

Students who get feedback on their work always do better than those who do not. It is one

of the few educational laws that holds true in all cases.

A. Don't try to do it all the night before.

B. However, a lecture is a listening workout.

C. Thinking clearly cannot be done in a rush.

D. So train your ear, listen carefully, but don't be silent.

E. Reading is the most important thing that any student does.

F. Re-writing has proved to be the turning point in one's degree.

G. If they won't read drafts, then see them to run through your ideas．

 It is a common          for Chinese to have banquets or drinking parties when treating important guests, on major occasions and during festivals.

A. sense         B. practice             C. rule             D. reality

One summer night, I was at a bowling alley（保龄球馆）celebrating a friend’s birthday. Two of the friends   41  brought their daughter, Bridget. Like most eight-year-olds, the girl was   42  about the game, so her parents set her up with a light bowling ball.

    The first game, Bridget scored a five which is as   43  as it sounds. What was a   44  , however, was her   45  toward it. She didn’t scream or cry. She gave a shrug（耸肩）, and that was it.

    “Don’t worry, Bridget,” her parents   46  her. “You can play again next time!”

    Yes, she could play again next time, because the   47  thing about bowling is that there are multiple games, and you have multiple chances to   48  a low score. And she did   49  again.

    The scond game finally   50  with a score of 45. “Yeah!” She screamed and her   51  were so proud. I was proud of her too, proud of her for handling a situation in a much more   52  way than I ever could.

    This little eight-year-old girl knew a   53  about life that I didn’t learn until my late 20s: Our failures, especially ones as   54  as getting a low score in a bowling game, aren’t tied to our self-worth. She knew that her low score had   55  to do with her identity as a person, her skills or intelligence. More importantly, she knew it was   56  a bowling game.

    Isn’t learning how to   57  one of the best gifts you can give a child?   58  , watching someone deal with failure in a healthy and graceful way is a pretty great   59  , too. So thank Bridget for giving me one of the best gifts I’ve ever received. And it wasn’t even my   60  .

41. A. training         B. competing            C. attending            D. watching

42. A. serious          B. excited          C. worried          D. confused

43. A. bad          B. cool             C. strange          D. nice

44. A. problem          B. puzzle               C. joke             D. surprise

45. A. instruction      B. reaction         C. suggestion           D. devotion

46. A. informed     B. reminded         C. comforted            D. entertained

47. A. correct          B. difficult            C. first                D. great

48. A. make up for      B. add up to            C. get rid of           D. take advantage of

49. A. check            B. try              C. focus                D. learn

50. A. delayed          B. continued            C. ended                D. started

51. A. visitors         B. parents          C. classmmates      D. teachers

52. A. simple           B. practical            C. unusual          D. mature

53. A. rule         B. dream                C. fact             D. trick

54. A. small            B. good             C. important            D. sprcial

55. A. something        B. anything         C. everything           D. nothing

56. A. even         B. just             C. also             D. never

57. A. behave           B. fail             C. fight                D. change

58. A. Usually          B. Eventually           C. Actually         D. Gradually

59. A. chance           B. gift             C. reward               D. moment

60. A. effort           B. plan             C. game             D. birthday

Two-thirds of the world’s major rivers have now been disrupted(中断)with more than 50,000 dams in an attempt to stole water and provide power. In the US，there are more than 85，000 dams，disrupting large and small rives, and in most cases transforming natural flow．The most famous of these，the Hoover Dam, constructed in the l930's，is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.

 Dams, besides all their attractive benefits, also have negative impacts. Creating a reservoir(水库) means a large area must be flooded. Communities may lose their land, houses and culturally impotent sites.

 Environmentally, the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife, especially birds. However, it can cause greenhouse gas emissions(排放)and poison the water for fish. Also, the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plains and animals to cope with, resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs. Fish that lay their eggs in the shallows, for example, may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.

 Dams don’t just block water flow. The flow may be reduced so that farmers will have great trouble getting water for their fields. They also prevent fish migrations, and are a barrier to sediment (沉淀物)flows. Instead of rushing downriver, sediments get backed up against the dam wall, which cause the reservoir level to increase over time．However, sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem. The fertility of the entire system can be influenced, with soils lost during seasonal rains not being replaced.

  Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas(三角洲), often host to large cities，which are sinking into the oceans. Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city, causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced. The result is that sea level rise in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.

28. What effects does creating a reservoir have on people’s life?

  a. People will see fewer birds near the rivers．

  b. Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their fields

  c. Visitors can’t see some cultural relics anymore．

  d. More conflicts and wars over water will break out 

  e. More kinds of fish will become extinct in the future

   A. b, c    B. c, e    C. b, e   D. a, c

29. With many dams built across rivers, fish will_______

A. find more places to lay their eggs        B. feed on more sediment rich in nutrients

C. face a more dangerous living habitat    D. find it easier to deal with the rise of water

30. How can dams influence the cities like Shanghai?

A. Its entire system will be influenced.     B. It will lie below sea level in the future

C. The rainy season will last longer.       D. Rich soils will be washed away

31. What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Environmental benefits of dams    B. Cultural loss of dams

C. Economical gain of dams          D. Environmental loss of dams.

 At the foot of the mountain 　　　. 

A. a village lie                              B. lies a village

C. does a village lie                      D. lying a village

In 2014 my best friend’s mother died of cancer. It was a tragedy,but as usual,Alice,my mother,used her power of healing and got his family back on their feet.If you asked my friends about my mother,they would say,“That woman has a heart of gold.”I agree one hundred percent.

    I think the reason why she is such a wonderful person is that the Holy Spirit lives within her. She is very holy and has persuaded me to go to church with her every Sunday.

    About six years ago my mom decided to pursue her lifelong goal of becoming a teacher. She knew it would be hard work raising three kids,doing housework and studying at the same time. However,shebelieved it would pay off.What my mother didn’t realize was that not all things pay off in this unfair world. After four hard years of school ,she graduated on a warm spring day. It was unbelievable. My aunt drove up from Virginia to celebrate this fantastic day. It was the first time I had ever cried from being happy.

    It’s strange how fast a life can change. Two months later,the unpredictable happened. My mother was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis（多发性硬化症）. I could not believe thiscould happen after all the good she had done for people. I was very confused and cried every day .My faith in God just disappeared and so did my mom’s dream of becoming a teacher.

    Then,I decided I must move on with my life and accept the fact that she might never get better.Since my decision, I have found a wonderful girlfriend with whom I plan to spend the rest of my life . Through the years I have always been able to change negative situations into positive ones. I’m happy with my life now.

25. Which of the following can best describe Alice?

A.Honest                       B.Helpful

C.Greedy                       D.Unconcerned

26.What else did Alice have to do when studying?

A.Drive a car and go to church.

B.Teach students and raise kids.

C.Do housework and teach at school.

D.Look after children and keep house.

27.According to the text, the author’s mother______.

A.recovered from illness

B.no longer had faith in God

C.didn’t realize her dream as a teacher

D.changed negative situations into positive ones unwillingly

28.What may be the best title for the text?

A.Mother Gave Me Life Experience

B.Fighting against Kinds of Diseases

C.Belief in God Brought Me Good Luck

D.How to Become a Responsible and Active Man

From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
   The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.
   You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial（长期的） victims and martyrs（殉道者）. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
   You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.
   Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
   If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.
   In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.

56.People with low self-confidence are compared to leaves because they____________.

57.Losers would think that ___________.

58. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that ___________.

59.The last paragraph serves as ____________.

60.Which is the best title for the text? _______________.

It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan.

Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important —sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater. Mr. Bellow did not mind if you did.

That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We’d already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.

We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke.

Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart’s dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They’re really memories of the screen, not memories of my life.

32．In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?

A. 1952      B. 1962

C. 1972      D. 1982

33．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. The heat

B. The theater.

C. The Music Man

D. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance

34．What do we know about Mr. Bellow?

A. He loved children very much.

B. He was a fan of John Wayne.

C. He sold air conditioners.

D. He was a movie star.

35．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. The author turned out to be a great singer.

B. The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.

C. The author’s life has been changed by the two movies.

D. The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.

Singles' Day ---- the Chinese opposite of Valentine’s Day has turned into a massive online shopping event. It is a day when single people are supposed to buy themselves presents. But there are sociological reasons behind China's “celebration” of single life. And the imbalance could have big consequences for the country.  

There were 34 million more men than women in China in 2011. Part of that is natural – usually there are 105 boys born for every 100 girls. But the Chinese gender ratio  (性别比例) at birth is much more obvious. It was 116 boys to 100 girls in 2012. The one child policy is largely to blame. Brought in to limit population expansion, the policy allows only one child per family. But because male children are seen as more valuable, as well as more likely to support their parents in old age, some parents choose to have a son over a daughter. The result is that large numbers of men will likely never get married. In fact, one study has predicted that by 2030, 1 in 5 Chinese men in their 30s will never have married, while another states that 94% of unmarried people in China are men.

Traditionally, China has seen high levels of marriage, usually among the young. Besides, the increased education and career opportunities for women have meant that marriages are happening later. It is also traditional that women often marry men of a higher socioeconomic status than themselves. So women at the top and men at the bottom find themselves alone. One study has even suggested a link between an imbalanced gender ratio and growth in violent crime in the country. 

Singles’ Day can’t solve all the problems China’s singles face. Indeed, it is possible that it is causing even more problems, as men resort to(诉诸于) increasingly risky lines of work to increase their chances of gaining money and thus a wife. I am worried that as money starts to overcome romance, there is evidence that China’s marriage market is increasingly materialistic.

32. In 2012, if 50 girls were born, how many boys were probably born? 

   A. 50.        B. 52.         C. 58.        D. 60.

33. What made women in China get married late?

   A. Their support of the government’s late marriage policy.  

   B. Their higher education level and more work chances.

   C. That they expect to enjoy their single time when young.

   D. That there are too many excellent young men to choose from.

34. What’s the writer’s attitude to the imbalance gender ratio in China?

A. Optimistic      B. Indifferent       C. Concerned      D. Unknown

35. We can learn from the passage that        .

  A. Singles' Day is celebrated all over the world.

  B.an imbalanced gender ratio is related to the growth in violent crime. 

  C. by 2030, 1 in 5 Chinese women in their 30s will be out of marriage.

  D. Singles' Day will solve all the problems China’s singles face.

高考临近，许多家长用金钱，旅游等承诺鼓励孩子努力学习，考上一所好大学。假定你是高三学生李华，请根据所提供的有关信息，给某英文报社写封短信。

内容要点：

1.许多家长用金钱，旅游等承诺鼓励孩子努力学习，考上一所好大学；

 2 可能会导致学生只关注物质奖励，而减少学习乐趣；

 3.一旦获得想要的奖励就失去了学习动力；

 4.你的建议。

 注意：1.不要逐词逐句地翻译。

       2 为使语句连贯，可以适当增加细节。

       3 词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总数。

Dear Editor,

    With the college entrance examination approaching,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours truly,

Li Hua

     Are you looking for something to do? You might like to try one of these four experience.

     Crocodile watching

     Do you fancy getting up close to some of the most terrifying animals on earth? Crocosaurus Cove, in Darwin (Australia) has the“Cage of Death”. It’s an enclosure that’s lowered into a pool. This gives you a 360 degree view of a crocodile as it’s being fed. The cable broke once and the cage sank to the bottom, but they’ve fixed it since then.

     Edge walk

     How about walking along the edge of a building several hundred meters up in the air? If that sounds like fun, head off to the CN Tower in Toronto( Ontario, Canada. Built in 1976, the tower is 553.33 meters tall. 

     The Edge Walk consists of a 20-30 minute stroll along a 1.5 meter wide platform that runs around the tower’s restaurant roof. During the walk, you’re encouraged to lean forwards as you look over Toronto’s skyline.

     Plastic ball rolling

     Do you fancy rolling down a hill in a plastic ball?

     Plastic ball rolling is popular as over the world, but the place to give it a go in Rotorua（New Zealand). Brother David and Andrew Akers came up with the idea in 1994. A typical orb （球）is about 3 meters in diameter, with an inner orb size of about 2 meters. There’s no brake or steering mechanism, but the inner layer of the plastic ball helps absorb the shock.

       Volcano bungee jumping

       If you’re looking for the adventure of a lifetime, how about going bungee jumping off a helicopter into the crater of a live volcano? As part of the jumping, a helicopter ride takes you to the Villarrica volcano, one of the most active in Chile. Once you’re at the drop zone, you leap off the helicopter and fall into the volcano. Finally, you enjoy the ride back to the airports flying at 130kph.

       Attracted by the above? If so, please contact us. Only half price from March 22 to April 25^th . For more information, please click here.

21. According to the passage, there was an accident once when people_____.

   A. jumped into the Villarrica volcano

   B. walked along the platform of the CN Tower

   C. rolled down a hill in a plastic ball in Rotorua

   D. watched crocodiles in the “Cage of Death” in Darwin

22. Which of the following was first invented in New Zealand？

   A. Edge Walk    B. Crocodile watching   C. plastic ball rolling  D. volcano bungee jumping

23. It can be inferred that all the four experience are_______.

   A. interesting sports                   B. exciting and extreme

   C. held on high places                  D. fit for middle to old people 

 Scientists from China, Sweden and the United States have developed a high-producing rice that can reduce methane emissions(甲烷排放), a major greenhouse gas blamed for global warming, from rice fields, according to a paper published on the latest issue of Nature.

By inserting a barley(大麦) gene into rice, Sun Chuanxin and his colleagues created SUSIBA2 Rice, which stores more starch(淀粉) in the section of the rice above ground， according to a paper published on the latest issue of Nature. This means the grains will have more starch while the root will exude less nutrients that will later be turned into methane by microbes (微生物) in the soil, Sun, who works with Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, told Xinhua.

“It solves two major problems mankind faces at one time: environmental degradation and the need for increased grain output,” Wang Feng, another scientist, said, adding that the rice can cut methane discharge by more than 90 percent during summer and more than half during autumn, as “the rice displays a greater emission reduction effect in high temperatures.” Meanwhile, small-scale trials have also suggested an increased output: a single plant of the new breed has 300 more grains with a starch content 10 percent higher. Wang said the team is working on applications for the rice in different areas, seasons and using different farming techniques. “It’s still far away from mass application, but at least we see the light of hope.”

Human-induced methane, though less abundant than carbon dioxide in the air, is responsible for 20 percent of the global warming effect. Rice paddies are the largest single source of methane linked to human activity. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, China produces 209 million tons of rice in 2014, or 28 percent of the world’s total of 734 million. 

33．SUSIBA2 Rice will be a major breakthrough because______.

A．it tastes with a barley flavor.           

B．it well balances environmental protection and grains increase.

C．it contains more starch than the ordinary rice.

D．it gives off less methane in summer than in winter.

34．What can we learn from the text?

A．Scientists will soon grow the new rice in large areas.

B．Human-related methane contributes most to global warming.

C．China may contribute greatly to global warming reduction.

D．Rice fields will be reduced all over the world.

35．The purpose of this writing is to________.

A．ask people to cut down on their dependence on rice consumption.   

B．draw people’s attention to the serious consequences of global warming.

C．introduce a new kind of genetically-modified rice and its possible benefits.        

D．indicate human-related methane alone is to blame for global warming effects.

 On hearing the news, the girl rushed out without hesitation, ______ the luggage ______ on the floor, and ______ in the dark.

A. left, lied, disappeared                   B. leaving, lying, disappeared

C. leaving, lie, disappeared                      D. left, lay, disappear

In our daily life, we often meet with difficulties. Some people do nothing but wait, while others try hard to conquer   61   . Personally, we should face with difficulties positively and make every effort to overcome them.

My memory drew me back to five years ago when I was  62   18 -year-old student. At that time, I had great trouble studying English. First of all, I felt it hard to memorize English  63  (word). Besides I didn’t dare to say anything in class when I   64   (ask) questions. What annoyed me most was that I failed exams   65   (constant). I was about to give up   66   my English teacher found my problems. He encouraged me and gave me some good advice.So  67  (inspire) by him, I decided to settle my problems.   68  (follow) his advice, I made progress gradually. I owe my achievement  69  the teacher whose encouragement was of great   70   (important).

        _{The Boy Made It!  One Sunday,Nicholas,a teenager,went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine．In the early afternoon,when he was planning to go home,a fierce snowstorm swept into the area．Unable to see far,he accidentally turned off the path．Before he knew it,Nicholas was lost,all alone!He didn’t have food,water,a phone,or other supplies．He was getting colder by the minute．}

_{Nicholas had no idea where he was．He tried not to panic．He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV．It was time to put the tips he had learned to use．}

_{He decided to stop skiing．There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put．The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow．If he didn’t,his body temperature would get very low,which could quickly kill him．}

_{Using his skis,Nicholas built a snow cave．He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle．Then he piled branches on top of himself,like a blanket,to stay as warm as he could．}

_{By that evening,Nicholas was really hungry．He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water．Not knowing how much longer he could last,Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled(蜷缩)in his cave and slept．}

_{The next day,Nicholas went out to look for help,but he couldn’t find anyone．He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave,because without shelter,he could die that night．On Tuesday,Nicholas went out again to find help．He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him．After two days stuck in the snow,Nicholas was saved．}

_{Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV．He had often watched Grylls’ survival show ----Man vs．Wild． That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life．In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs．Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out．}

_{When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds,he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive．}

_{20．What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?}

_{A． He got lost．}

_{B． He broke his skis．}

_{C． He hurt his eyes．}

_{D． He caught a cold．}

_{21．How did Nicholas keep himself warm?}

_{A． He found a shelter．}

_{B． He lighted some branches．}

_{C． He kept on skiing．}

_{D． He built a snow cave．}

_{22．On Tuesday,Nicholas   ．}

_{A． returned to his shelter safely}

_{B． was saved by a searcher}

_{C． got stuck in the snow}

_{D． stayed where he was}

_{23．Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he   ．}

_{A． did the right things in the dangerous situation}

_{B． watched Grylls’ TV program regularly}

_{C． created some tips for survival}

_{D． was very hard-working}

The splendid aurora light displays that appear in Earth’s atmosphere around the north and south magnetic(磁的) poles were once mysterious phenomena. Now, scientists have data from satellites and ground-based observations from which we know that the aurora brilliance is a massive electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign.

To understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth enclosed by its magnetosphere(磁层), a huge region created by the Earth’s magnetic field. Outside the magnetosphere, rushing toward the earth is the solar wind, a speedily moving body of ionized(离子化的) gases with its own magnetic field. Charged particles(粒子) in this solar wind speed earthward along the solar wind’s magnetic lines of force. The Earth’s magnetosphere is a barrier to the solar winds, and forces the charged particles of the solar wind to flow around the magnetosphere itself. But in the polar regions, the magnetic lines of force of the Earth and of the solar wind gather together. Here many of the solar wind’s charged particles break through the magnetosphere and enter Earth’s magnetic field. They then rush back and forth between the Earth’s magnetic poles very rapidly and ionize and excite the atoms of the upper atmosphere of the Earth, causing them to produce aurora radiations of visible light.

The colors of an aurora depend on the atoms producing them. The leading greenish-white light comes from low energy excitation of oxygen atoms. During huge magnetic storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and produce pink light. Excited nitrogen(氮) atoms contribute bands of color varying from blue to violet. Viewed from outer space, auroras can be seen as dimly shining belts wrapped around each of the Earth’s magnetic poles. Each aurora hangs like a curtain of light stretching over the polar regions and into the higher latitudes. When the solar flares(闪光) that result in magnetic storms and aurora activity are very strong, aurora displays may extend as far as the southern regions of the United States.

21．What is it that directly gives off aurora light?

A. the Earth’s magnetic field.

B. the solar wind’s magnetic field.

C. the Earth’s ionized particles.

D. the solar wind’s charged particles.

22．What does the third paragraph mainly discuss?

A. The appearance of auroras around the Earth’s poles.

B. The periodic change in the display of auroras.

C. The factors that cause the variety of colors in auroras.

D. The covering area of auroras based on their colors.

23．What can we infer from the passage?

A. The magnetosphere increases the speed of particles from the solar wind.

B. The color of greenish-white appears least frequently in an aurora display.

C. Earth’s magnetic field contributes to the variety and difference of aurora’s colors.

D. The strength of the solar flares has a positive effect on the extending distance of aurora.

We still have the question of ______ they have discovered the trade secret.

A. what             B. why            C. how            D. that

According to the report,the government will hold a meeting     people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy.

A.which          B.where       C.when      D.whose

The Hidden Meaning of Kids' Scribbles （胡乱画）

A parent might place his daughter's tadpole （蝌蚪） drawing on the fridge out of a love for his child rather than for the funky-looking image ,but for many people， that tadpole art is actually quite charming. In fact ,adult abstract artists were often inspired by children's drawing. Observers have found similar patterns in modem abstract art and kids' drawing.

Acknowledging that young kids aren't as eager to produce a realistic rendering （呈现）helps demonstrate what the drawing experience means to them. For many kids ,drawing is enjoyable not because of the final product it leads to， but because they can live completely in the world of their drawing for a few minutes. Adults may find it hard to relate to this sort of full-body ,short experience. But the opportunities for self-expression that drawing provides have important ,even therapeutic ,value for kids.

Maureen Ingram , who's a preschool teacher，said her students often tell different stories about a given piece of art depending on the day ,perhaps because they weren't sure what they intended to draw when they started the picture. "We as adults will often say，‘ I'm going to draw a horse，and we set out…and get frustrated when we can't do it ," Ingram said. "They seem to take a much more sensible approach， where they just draw, " and then they realize ,"it is a horse."

Ultimately，what may be most revealing about kids，art isn't the art itself but what they say during the drawing process. Studies suggest that kids will create an elaborate narrative （详细的故事）while drawing ,but when telling adults about their work they'll simply name the items or characters in the image.

And what about those odd or scary-looking drawings? Does that mean kids are telling themselves stories that are odd or scary？ It's hard to say，but it's rarely a good idea to over-interpret it. Ellen Winner ,a psychology professor at Boston College， pointed to parents who worry when their kid draws a child the same size as the adults ,wondering whether she's suffering from ,say ,a feeling of impotence -a desire to feel as powerful as older people. But the likely reason is that the child hasn't yet learned how to differentiate size； the easiest solution is to just make all the figures the same size.

What's most important to remember is that "children's art has its own logic ," Winner said. "Children are not being crazy."