The teacher said that the sun ________ in the east and ________ in the west．（　　）

A．rose； set  B．rises； sets       C．raises； sets    D．raised； set

Do you know how discipline can help you achieve your goals? Do you know that discipline is important to __6__？ What is the power of discipline? How to become disciplined?

You might think that many people are not self­disciplined, __7__ I'm going to prove to you that people in general are disciplined, but __8__， in non­beneficial ways. There are many people who smoke daily __9__ the fact that it is harmful and __10__ and it could kill them. Such people are disciplined at __11__ cigarettes and smoking. There are people who are disciplined at drinking lots of alcohol daily. Such people are disciplined at consuming alcohol. Do you __12__ where I am going with this?

One of my friends who has a __13__for running spends half an hour every single morning running. Whether it is snowing or raining, she has to run. This is the kind of __14__ discipline that you are supposed to__15__ and create in your life.

Do you know someone who bought a book, but didn't finish __16__ it for some reason? Do you know someone who decided to improve his __17__ and start eating more vegetables and fruit, but after two weeks, he __18__？

These are all examples of __19__ of discipline. If you are not disciplined，then you will have a hard time to get your __20__. As I mentioned in my book “The ultimate guide to achieving your goals” that you could know what you want, __21__ and take action, but if you are not self­disciplined, you will__22__ give up.

With discipline, you can start getting up early in the morning, exercise, and__23__ yourself of the non­beneficial habits such as smoking and eating non­healthy food. With discipline, you can change negative habits to positive habits. With discipline, you can join the gym and start working on having a __24__ body. Do you see what the __25__ of discipline can do?

Always remember what Jim Rohn said, “One discipline always leads to another discipline.”

6. A. wealth  B. success  C. fortune  D. health

7. A. for  B. and  C. or  D. but

8. A. unfortunately  B. unwillingly  C. unnecessarily  D. unexpectedly

9. A. besides  B. despite  C. except  D. without

10. A. courageous  B. disgusting  C. dangerous  D. forbidden

11. A. selling  B. buying  C. getting  D. consuming

12. A. care  B. see  C. feel  D. mind

13. A. passion  B. gift  C. respect  D. reason

14. A. formal  B. positive  C. negative  D. religious

15. A. form  B. learn  C. follow  D. believe

16. A. reading  B. reciting  C. analyzing  D. reviewing

17. A. service  B. diet  C. skill  D. performance

18. A. broke down  B. turned up  C. gave up  D. set out

19. A. lack  B. gesture  C. sign  D. symbol

20. A. attention  B. order  C. credit  D. desire

21. A. plan  B. listen  C. ask  D. hope

22. A. obviously  B. practically  C. likely  D. quickly

23. A. persuade  B. inform  C. deliver  D. break

24. A. healthier  B. weaker  C. heavier  D. clumsier

25. A. demand  B. power  C. principle  D. measure

One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 61.      (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 62.      too little.”

His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 63.       not save a bit of money?”

“That would be a very 64.       (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.

Nick’s guests, 65.       had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt 66.       a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 67.       the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”

“But such a small thing couldn’t 68.       (possible) destroy a village.”

“In the beginning, there was only 69.       very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 70.       (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.

I think Mary could be      between 20 and 30 years of age.

       A. anywhere                       B. anybody                        C. anyhow                   D. anything

You may have heard of the American Dream, an ideal that has powered the hopes of Americans for generations.

It began as a belief that the US was a land of opportunity, and that anyone could achieve success through hard work. The dream has referred to home ownership, a good job, retirement security or each generation doing better than the last for a long time.

Yet today, this concept seems to have greatly changed. As Tune magazine pointed out, quite different from the older generation, many Millennials (the generation born after 1980) redefine the American Dream as “day-to-day control of your life”. They “prize job mobility, flexible schedules, any work that is more interesting than typing, and the ability to travel”, said the magazine.

Home ownership, once the cornerstone of the American Dream, is becoming a smaller priority for this generation. Meanwhile, nearly 40% of them choose travel as part of their dream. And running their own business is a rising favorite, as nearly 26% of Millennials consider self-employment as part of their dream.

So what has led to this huge change?

Many point fingers at the poor economy. “Modem young Americans seem bound to face a world stamped by ever narrowing opportunity, ” noted The Daily Beast.

“The rate of 16-to-24-year-olds out of school and out of work is unusually high at 15%. Many college graduates have taken jobs that don’t require a degree,” Time reported.

The magazine worries that these difficulties may lead to a lost generation who are “unable to ever truly find their feet on the corporation’s ladder”.

Dan Kadlec, a reporter of Time, sees Millennials as resetting their expectations. “This situation is different for young adults today,” he wrote. “A true American dream has to feel attainable, and many Millennials are feeling they can only attain a day-to-day lifestyle that suits them.”

12. Which has similar meaning to the underlined word “cornerstone”？

A. value    B. average

C. reason    D. basis

13. What has changed Millennials’ views of the American Dream?

A. The discouraging economy and unemployment.

B. The fierce competition in getting a degree.

C. Their dissatisfaction with the government.

D. Their lack of confidence in themselves.

14. What does Dan Kadlec’s think of Millennials’ definition of the American Dream?

A. considerate    B. understandable

C. curious    D. negative ,

15. What can be the best title for this passage?

A. Meaning of American Dream.    B. Redefinition of American Dream

C. Value of Achieving American Dream    D. The Reasons of American Dream

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When I began my senior high school years, I had difficulty to learning English. I dared not speak English in public because my poor pronounce. I could not get high marks, but I always used bad grammar. Afraid of be laughed at, I never put up my hand answer questions in class. When my English teacher Miss Li learned about this, she encouraged me and lend me a hand, which helped improving my English. With his help, I became interest in English and finally got high marks. Miss Li, like a shining star, shines on my path to success.

                                   I Am Truly Grateful That I Had Cancer

At the age of 10, I was diagnosed with cancer.  During treatment, I understood everything but the   21   of my case.  It was not until recently that I realized how sick I was then.

   This November of 2015 will   22   my five years off chemotherapy(化疗) and I will be finally   23  of cancer.

I know sick children often felt blue.  In order to help brighten their   24  , I created a program through which I brought celebrities(名人) children   25   and respected to visit them in hospitals.  The   26   I received from being able to   27   up the children’s day was indescribable.

This fall, I will   28   my junior year of high school.  I love learning and I truly   29   the time spent in school because during chemotherapy treatments I was often too   30   to attend.  Another big part of my life is  31   activity.  During my treatment it was very hard for me to walk — let alone   32  .  After finishing chemotherapy my main   33   was being able to run and play   34   again.  I’m overjoyed to say I’ve been able to   35   that aim.  Being able to stand on the court and play sports again is a(n)   36   feeling.

To me it’s important to convey a   37   of positivity and hope that anyone can make the most of any situation in life.  Many don’t   38   and think it’s strange when I say this, but I’m truly grateful that I had cancer.  Having experienced that, I have become brave   39   have also gained appreciation for life.  I know with determination everyone can follow their   40  .

21.  A. development             B. seriousness         C. name                              D. cause

22.  A. mark          B. end           C. begin                     D. reward

23.  A. warned              B. informed         C. suspected                 D. cured

24.  A. spirits               B. future             C. rooms                     D. way

25.  A. attracted             B. impressed       C. admired                    D. missed

26.  A. respect              B. joy               C. gift                        D. education

27.  A. make                B. clear            C. clean                      D. light

28.  A. enter         B. leave           C. visit                      D. drop

29.  A. kill           B. save            C. treasure                   D. waste[学30.  A. young          B. weak           C. lazy                     D. busy

31.  A. mental          B. indoor           C. physical                D. social

32.  A. swim            B. lie              C. jump                    D. run

33.  A. goal            B. task             C. problem                D. idea

34.  A. cards           B. chess           C. sports                 D. music

35.  A. further           B. kick             C. set                    D. achieve

36.  A. amazing        B. puzzling           C. satisfying                 D. touching

37.  A. note            B. message        C. word                   D. wish

38.  A. speak          B. apologize        C. understand             D. remember

39.  A. and            B. but               C. or                    D. so

40.  A. steps          B. examples         C. suggestions            D. dreams

It’s a common phenomenon that modern people now have difficulty sleeping. Drinking milk is thought to be helpful. A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.

Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows’ milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.

Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.

29. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_________.

A. started sleep more easily      B. were more anxious

C. were less active             D. sleep longer

30. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?

A. It’s been tested on mice for ten times     

B. It can make people more energetic

C. It exists in milk in great amount           

D. It’s used in sleeping drugs

31. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Night Milk and Sleep

B. Milk and Melatonin

C. Little Fat in Milk                      

D. Milk Drinking and Health

32. How does the author support the theme of the text?

A. By giving examples                       B. By stating arguments

C. By explaining statistical data               D. By providing research results

Alice always wanted to be a singer. Music was the __61__important thing in her life but, to tell you the _62__       (true), she took lessons for years and practised every day,  __63__      in spite of all this, her voice didn't improve. Honestly, it didn’t get better, it just got __64__  (loud).
     Her teacher finally  __65__ （give）up and stopped the lessons, but Alice refused to quit(停止), and one day she decided to give a concert and invited her former teacher to attend. 
    The teacher was very worried about __66__to say after the performance. She knew it __67__be terrible and it was. She didn't want to tell a lie, but she didn’t want to hurt Alice’s feelings __68___ . Finally, she got an idea and went backstage（后台） to greet her former （先前的）pupil. 
    “Well”, said Alice, “what did you think of __69___performance?”
    “My dear,” said the teacher, “you’ll   __70__ be better than you were tonight.” 

I really enjoy meeting the teachers and telling them how we, the students, feel about things, and in the school.

A. what we think should happen                            B. what should we think happen

C. we think what should happen                            D. we should think what to happen

假定英语课课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

      2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I didn’t realize the importance of working in groups since I was chosen monitor of my class in high school. At first, I did most of the duties myself when other students cared few about class activities. As result, I was tired out and depressing. Then I turned to my teacher and he gave me some advices on how to cooperate well with other. Thus I began to realize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone to do his part in class.

 From my experience, I strong feel that it is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me from trouble and make me work more efficiently. Therefore, we need the teamwork spirit in our lives.

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

  2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

   I was lucky to see the marathon as a volunteer for it with my own eye last weekend. The race began at 8:30 a.m. but about 50,000 runners took an actively part in it. Other volunteers and me gathered at the starting point, ready to work on the early morning. We carried supplies, set up tents and clean the streets. When the runners ran along Zhengkai Avenue, we volunteers were busy serve bottled water. Besides, we tried our best to help keep order. What tiring but meaningful day! I have been found happiness in the process of helping others. If I’m given other chance, I will work for the marathon next year.

Opening week specials（大特惠） at Munchies Food Hall.
At the corner of Green and Brown Streets in the city
Monday 7th of January until Sunday.13rd of January 2008
Feast until you’re full! Come down to Monetizes time week to enjoy the special dishes on offer it all of our food outlets. Order from the following:
●Succulent chicken rice             ●spicy stays beef
●Delicious noodle dishes          ●plump porky chips
●seafood specialties                 ●crunchy vegetables
●sweet tropical fruit

Halal food（清真食品） is available at the stall.  Malay Mood Heaven[KS5UKS5UKS5U]

Win Prizes and Gifts!
Spend ＄20.00 or more and win instant prizes from our lucky draw box.
Collect a free party balloon and whistle for each young diner.
Enjoy a free meal if you are the first customer of the day at any of our stalls.
Win a holiday to Western Australia. 
A free raffle ticket（彩劵） is given with every receipt（收据）. Just fill in your information and place your entry in the box provided. 
Winner to be announced in The Strait Times on the 15th of January.
Join in the Fun!
Between 7:00 pm and 8:00 pm each evening until the 15th of January, your favorite Channel 3 television actors and singers will entertain you:
●May Lee                     ●Jackie Chen
●Kim Yap                     ● Kamala
Autograph sessions will follow each performance! And who will be our extra special mystery star? Come down on Saturday at noon to find out.
13.Munchies Food Hall does NOT sell ____.
   A.  pork         B. beef          C. lamb         D. chicken
14. Everyone who eats at Munchies will receive a ______.
   A. free meal     B. lucky draw coupon    C. free raffle ticket       D. balloon and whistle
15.I will find out who has won the top to Western Australia when I ______.
   A. read The Straits Times on the 5th of January       B. come down to Munchies at noon
   C. watch Channel 3 television          D. attend the lucky draw at Munchies Food Hall[KS5UKS5U.KS5U

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When I first came to China, there were many things I do not understand. Now, I have a better understanding of Chinese culture and find it very interested.

Bargaining is a Chinese custom what amazes me. In the USA, prices are set and you cannot ask for a lower price, when in China, you are expected to bargain with the salespersons in some small stores and tourist spots. I once asked my Chinese friends to teach me how to bargain. They were told me that I should ask for 40 percent or 50 percent off the price. Then, they had better tell the salesperson that the same item is cheaper at another store. If the salesperson does not agree to my price, I should pretend leave and he might ask me to come back and sell me the item for a lower price. But this skill doesn’t work effective every time. In my opinion, bargaining are a skill that I have to practise if I continue to live in China.

This is a unforgettable experience for me, which is beneficial to me.

When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor if the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University（SMU）in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldn’t afford the operation because her family was poor.

  Her mother ran a boardinghouse in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boarding house, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henry’s.

  My father then set out to sell it. Eventfully, he found himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed.

  My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about. But i doubt that it could have been better than his own story.

8. Who found the O. Henry’s manuscript?

A. The girl’s mother.          B. The author’s father.

C. The girl.                 D. The author.

9. Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was found in the attic?

A. O. Henry once worked in Houston.         

B. O. Henry once stayed in Galveston.

C. O. Henry once moved to Des Moines.    

D. O. Henry once taught at SMU.

10.The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.

A. named           B. treated           C. proved      D. described

11. According to the text, why did the author’s father go to Des Moines?

A. To sell the O. Henry story.          B. To meet the author himself.

C. To talk with the O. Henry expert.     D. To give money to the girl.

Cell phones：Is there a cancer link？

Could your cell phone give you cancer？Whether it could or not，some people are worrying about the possibility that phones，power lines and Wi﹣Fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses，from rashes to brain tumors．

Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties．David Carpenter，a professor of environmental health sciences at the university at Albany，in New York，thinks there's a greater than 95percent chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia （白血病）．Also there's a greater than 90percent chance that cell phones can cause brain tumors．"It's apparent now that there's a real risk，"said Carpenter．

But others believe these concerns are not  justified．Dr Martha Linet，head of radiation epidemiology （流行病学） at the US National Cancer Institute，has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion．"I don't support warning labels for cell phones，"said Linet．"We don't have the evidence that there's much danger．"

Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs （电磁场） and illness﹣so weak that it might not exist at all．A multinational investigation of cell phones and brain cancer，in 13countries outside the US，has been underway for several years．It's funded in part by the European Union，in part by a cell phone industry group．The final report should come out later this year，but data so far don't suggest a strong link between cell phone use and cancer risk．

42．From the passage we can learn that some people are worried because　  　．

A．they have evidence that the use of cell phones can lead to cancer

B．they feel surprised and alarmed about cell phone use

C．some experts have given a warning

D．cell phones are responsible for brain tumors

43．By saying"I don't support warning labels for cell phones，"Dr Martha Linet has the idea that　  　．

A．the worrying is unnecessary           

B．cancer﹣warning labels should be on cell phones

C．there is a link between cell phones and cancer  

D．cell phones have nothing to do with cancer

44．Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards the debate？　 

A．Optimistic．

B．Objective．

C．Opposite．

D．Casual．

45．The underlined word"justified"in Paragraph 3is closest in meaning to　  　．

A．explained   

B．confirmed （证实、确认）

C．classified   

D．restricted （限制）

As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving 61      (steady) through the air, and although the passengers     62     (fasten) their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the air – hostess came. She looked very pale,     63 was quite calm. Speaking quickly and almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the     64      (passenger) knew anything about machines. After a moment’s hesitation,     65      man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot’s cabin.  Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that     66      (send) by radio from the airport below. To everyone’s relief, the plane,     67     was dangerously close to the ground at the moment, soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times to become familiar     68  the controls of the plane. The critical moment came    69    he had to land. The man,     70       (follow) the instructions, guided the plane toward the airfield, and it landed safely after a long run along the runway.

There are four possible birth order positions within a family. A child may be the oldest, the youngest or the   41  child, or an only child   42  no brothers or sisters. Birth order theory says that our birth order influences what kind of person we each 43 .

       Children in each birth position have a  44  way to gain an advantage in the family. The oldest children often get more time with their parents. They always try to be  45  and do everything correctly. The youngest children are used to other people providing for them. They may be more   46   about themselves than about other people. As for middle children, they can sometimes feel left out, since they don't get the   47  of being the oldest or the youngest. Some middle children become competitive and even rebel against (反抗) their parents.  48  many of them make peace in the family.

        The last birth order position is only children. With no brothers or sisters they often   49  whatever they want! They don't have any    50  for their parents' time or resources. Only children often use language very well  51  they spend so much time with adults. They can also feel a lot of    52  as only children, which can make them competitive and hardworking.

       Some people    53  that birth order theory describes them very well. Other people say the theory doesn't  54 . There are many other different  55  that may change the effects of birth order on personality. These variables  56  the sex and age of each child and the number of brothers and sisters. Culture and education  57  make a difference. So does the amount of money that the  58  has. The experiences of the family can also change how birth order affects  59 .

       As family expert Frank Sulloway says, “Humans are complex. But that doesn't mean birth order isn't  60  we can learn from.”

41. A. middle                           B. last                 C. small                      D. cute

42. A. beyond                          B. under                    C. with                       D. for

43. A. become                         B. need               C. accept                       D. see

44. A. new                         B. different        C. strange                 D. right

45. A. perfect                          B. honest                C. polite                   D. curious

46. A. concerned                    B. cautious               C. excited                  D. disappointed

47. A. results                           B. promises              C. advantages          D. dreams

48. A. And                          B. So                   C. But                         D. Or

49. A. get                              B. ignore                C. hide                       D. doubt

50. A. preparation                B. excuse               C. authority               D. competition

51. A. until                        B. because         C. unless                       D. though

52. A. sadness                     B. pressure        C. pity                        D. pain

53. A. advise                           B. hope               C. know                            D. find

54. A. work                        B. happen          C. appear                  D. develop

55. A. forms                      B. situations             C. standards                    D. purposes

56. A. influence                B. change           C. include                  D. describe

57. A. seldom                       B. also                C. never                           D. ever

58. A. team                        B. society           C. school                       D. family

59. A. emotion                  B. attitude          C. personality           D. behavior

60. A. anything                   B. nothing            C. something                  D. everything

He is ________ clever a boy as Tom.

A．so                 B．as          C．Such       D．the same

You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.    

“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “They (elevators) are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”    

We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, lift users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed.    

He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want – it’s your own little box.    

If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.    

When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.    

New entrants to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple – look down, or look at your phone.    

Why are we so awkward in lifts?    

“You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”    

In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed (理解) as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact,” she said.

4. The main purpose of the article is to _____.

A. remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator

B. tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette

  C. share an interesting but awkward elevator ride

  D. analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator

5. According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _____.

A. turn around and greet one another        

 B. look around or examine their phone

C. make eye contact with those in the elevator

 D. try to keep a distance from other people

6. Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator?

7. The underlined phrase “size up” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. judge                B. ignore               C. put up with              D. make the best of