科普环保类 知识点题库

Today there are many fires than in the past. Over 100,000 wildfires burn each year in America. Russia has 20,000 to 35,000 wildfires every year. Australia has on average 60,000 each year. These fires destroy（损害）huge areas of forests and burn hundreds of homes.

Many experts believe there are several reasons for this sudden increase in fires. The first reason is climate（气候）change. Recent weather has been warmer and drier. This leads to dangerous fire conditions. When lightening strikes（发生雷电），dry grass easily catches fire. Hot winds add to the problem. The wind spreads a fire quickly. In 2010, Russia had the hottest and driest summer in a century. In just one month, 500 fires destroyed over 2,000 homes. Some people lost their lives.

Traditional fire-fighting practices are another reason for the increase in fires. In America, firefighters used to quickly put out every fire. They didn't allow the grass and trees to burn. As a result, today many forests have thicker vegetation（植被）.Thicker vegetation means more fuel（燃料）for fires. Also, without fires from time to time, forests become overcrowded and unhealthy. Some trees are dead. The dead wood then easily catches fire. So surprisingly, America has many more fires today partly because of its past fire-fighting practices.

Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.

    A kind of little cars may some day take the place of today's cars. If everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution from the cars. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded. Three such cars can park in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.
    The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safer, too, as these little cars can go only 65 kilometers an hour. The cars of the future will be fine for getting around a city, but they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for more gas(汽油).
    If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big, quick cars and other roads will be needed for the slower, smaller ones.

     When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time.
      Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earth's atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earth's atmosphere. As the air in the earth's atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.
    The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.
      This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。 

    A recent survey of 2000 parents in Britain showed that they are often afraid of science questions asked by their curious children only because they have no idea what the answer is. Here is a list of some simple questions that you can ask your parents to see if they know the answers.
    Q: Why is the sky blue?
    A: You probably know white sunlight is made up of seven colors. While it moves in a straight line when going through space, it starts to divide as it hits “raised area” in the atmosphere. The ones with longest wavelengths pass through easily. The blue , however , can be taken in by the gas molecules (分子) because it has a shorter wavelength , which in turn scatters (使分散) it in different directions. That's why when you look up at the sky, it appears to be blue.
    Q: Why does the moon sometimes appear during the daytime?
    A: The simple answer to that is because just like any other object it is being lit by the sun. As long as it is around 45 degrees or even 90 degrees off the sun, it will receive light and be able to be seen. The only time it is not able to be seen during its 28-day orbit (轨道) around the earth is when it is right between the earth and the sun. That's because its back , which is not lit by the sun, is facing us.
    Q: Where do birds/ honeybees go in winter?
    A: While the bird part is quite easy, since a lot of them get together and travel, the honeybee part is likely to puzzle your parents. It turns out that these busy insects stop being that active when the temperature drops below 50°F. Instead ,they get together in the lower central area of the hive （蜂巢）and form a ball around their queen. This helps keep both warm enough to survive the cold winter months.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

Scientists say life will be very different in 2050.First,there will be no TV channels (频道) . People will choose a programme (节目) from a computer and watch it on the television. We will get information on the computers only.

   Second, water will be a big problem. In many places, people won't have water to drink.

Third, cars will use new and clean fuels and they will go very fast. There will be a computer in every car. And computers will control the cars and there won't be any accidents (事故) .

阅读理解

    There are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world's important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The world's largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve(自然保护区) is in them. More than700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red—crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red—crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.

    The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are usually good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important because they also prevent(阻止) flood(洪水). But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.

    Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize(意识到) the importance of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2^nd, many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands.

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

    I am an apple. I'm a kind of sweet1You can find me grow in many places of the world, but I can't grow well in very hot places2 very cold places.

    I am not like my cousins 3and bananas. I am rounder than a pear and bananas are4than me. I am delicious,5people all over the world like to eat me. They can usually eat me6washing me. They can also cook me to 7all kinds of food, sometimes they put me in cans（罐头）to send me to other places of the world. Almost everyone can have 8 to buy me because I'm so cheap.

    I can also help people get9 There is a saying10English: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Don't you think that I'm very great? I have many vitamins（维生素）inside, they are 11for you. I really wish to make you happy and healthy. so don't forget to 12me as often as possible（尽可能经常地）.

    But I also need your13, if you want to make me taste better, you must14 me well. Thank you for your love. I'll try to grow well and15sweeter. Then you will like to eat me a lot more.

阅读理解

    As the Internet is developing fast，more and more new words and phrases have been created in Chinese. Here are some examples.

    One of the most popular words is Dianzan，which is often used when you quite agree with someone. Another example is Renxing.

    When you say somebody is Renxing，you mean that they will do whatever they like. The phrase Miaosha first came from online shopping，which means you can complete your shopping orders before others. But now it's widely used when you achieve your purpose in a very short time. If you describe somebody as a Tuhao，you mean that he is very rich.

    You can find lots of such new Chinese words. Keep learning and you'll know more about Chinese culture.

阅读理解

E

    Maybe you know floods, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But did you hear of typhoons(台风)?

    Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean（太平洋） and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.

    How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates （蒸发）into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles（圆圈）and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 meters a second, a typhoon begins.

    A typhoon has two parts, one is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains.

    Typhoons are very dangerous. In November this year, Typhoon Haiyan killed 5500 people in Philippines. More people are missing（消失）.

    What to do when a typhoon hits（袭击）?

⒈Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.

⒉Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!

⒊Listen to the radio or TV for important information.

⒋If you're told to go to a safer place, do it right now.

阅读理解

    Teenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Let's have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.

	Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenith Adithyaa, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenith thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things.
	David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can't go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake.
	Remya Jose, a 14-year-old from India, found it tiring and boring to handwash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.
	Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimer's disease(老年痴呆) would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors(感应器) to help people find their family members like his grandfather.

阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

    You may know several kinds of police, traffic police and street police. But have you ever heard of energy-saving (节能) police?

    A group of 22 new policemen went to work in Beijing. They went around the city to see the use of energy in hotels, office buildings, shopping centres and other public places. One of their aims is to make sure that these places have set their air conditioners (空调) no cooler than 26℃.

    They also set up a special phone hotline so that people can tell them which building doesn't follow the rule.

    "If everyone sets the air conditioner at 26℃, Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours of electricity in one summer. That's one third of all the usage of the city in the season, said an advertisement."

    A show was held in Beijing last week on energy-saving technology (技术) and productions to introduce a green life to the public. Environmentally—friendly machines, like a machine that helps collect used bottles, have attracted lots of attention.

    "We want to tell people that there are some ways to protect the environment. Each of us can find effective (有效的) ways to do it in our daily life," said Liu Qianguang, an environmental engineer.

阅读理解

    Like you, plants need good things like food, water, and minerals in order to grow. Usually they get these important nutrients(营养) from the rich soil(土壤) in which they're planted. But there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil. It's called hydrogenic gardening.

    "Hydrogenic" means "working with water." In a hydrogenic garden, plants grow with their roots in water, not in dirt. The water is filled with special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared.

    Hydrogenic plants grow quickly. In ordinary gardens, plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water. In a hydrogenic garden, plants can use their energy to grow tall instead. And because there is no soil, there are no weeds and few insect pests(害虫). Gardeners don't need to spray(喷洒) plants with dangerous chemicals. Both the plants and the environment stay healthy. 

    Scientists hope that, one day, hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil, or weather that is too hot, too cold, or too dry. And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars, so that they will always have fresh vegetables, and the fun of growing a garden without dirt. 

阅读理解

    Thousands of years ago. in the south of ancient China, there lived Shennong, a man who had an ox(牛) head and human body. Seeing that local people were suffering from disease, he built ladders and houses on a high mountain to store hundreds of medical plants. To remember him, people named the place Shennongjia.

    The legend(传说) makes Shennongjia in Hubei an inviting place for tourists. Travelling there is a unique experience, as you can see sceneries of the four seasons from different altitudes. “When the bottom of the mountain is summer, the top is spring and while the foothill is autumn, the top is covered with ice," local people say of the special climate of Shennongjia.

    Shennongjia is also home to 5, 000 species of animals and plants. Many animals in danger live there, such as the golden monkey, the clouded leopard and the Asian black bear.

    One interesting and mysterious thing about Shennongjia is its legend of wild men. Some people once claimed that they saw big footprints or big-foot creatures. Yet so far, scientists haven't proved it is true and some say they are just bears.

    The beautiful place has recently received a new title. On July 17, 2016, Shennongjia Forestry District was added to United Nations World Heritage list as a natural site. China now has 52 world heritage sites(遗址)，second only to Italy in the world.

阅读理解

    Many people like to travel by plane, but I don't like it because an airport is usually far from the city. You have to get there early and wait for hours for the plane to take off and it is often late. You can't open the window. You can't choose the food. Planes are fast, but it still takes hours to get out of the airport and into the city.

    I like traveling by train. I think trains are safe. Railway stations are usually in cities. When you are late for a train, you can catch another one. You can walk around in the train and open the windows. You can see many interesting things on your way. I know it takes a little more time.

    I also like cars. You can start your journey when you want to, and you don't need to get to a railway station or a bus stop. Also you can take many things with you in a car. But sometimes there are too many cars on the road.

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

    If you look at the top of your phone, you'll usually see a little symbol that says 3G or 4G. The "G" stands for the "generation" of your mobile network. But these symbols will become things of the past after 5G fully arrives.

    On March 30^th, 2019, Shanghai vice-mayor Wu Qing made the first 5G video call on a Huawei Mate X smartphone, CGTN reported. Shanghai has also become the first city in China to start testing 5G networks.

    Now, 4G takes about 100 to 200 milliseconds（毫秒）to send and receive data（数据）. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond or less. This big change will not only make our mobile Internet faster. It can be used in many other ways as well.

    For example, 5G will help to make self-driving cars safer. Today's self-driving test cars have one problem-lag. When the car "sees" an obstacle（障碍物）, it sends this information to a data center and receives instructions. However, it takes time to send and receive this information. With this kind of lag，the cars might crash（撞击）because they don't receive instructions in time. With 5G, this lag will be greatly lowered, making the cars safer, according to CNN.

    5G could also be used to power the Internet of Things（IOT）. This refers to a large online network that connects all things and people. Fast Internet speeds will be the key to developing this technology. For example, with IOT under 5G, your refrigerator could automatically（自动地）place an order online for eggs when it finds that there are no eggs left inside.

    All in all, 5G will shape every type of technology that it touches. And you won't have to wait too long for that to happen.

阅读理解

    Saya was a life—like woman robot. She started her work as a teacher at a primary school in Tokyo, Japan days ago. She gave lessons to the students there. You won't hurt it if you touch(触摸)it, hit or play with it.

    The scientist who built Saya said, "We didn't want Saya to do all the work of a teacher, but to build this robot to teach children about technology(技术). And Saya may be a help to the schools which have not enough teachers."

    "In some villages and small schools, there are children who know little about new technology. There are also some teachers who can't teach these lessons. So we hope the robot can make the children become interested in new technology." said the scientist.

    Many of the children were very excited when Saya came to school. They liked to listen to her report. When class was over, some students touched her face and felt her.

    The scientists in Japan hope that they can make some robots to look after the older people in the future.

阅读理解

    What do you think the future will be like? Here are some answers from some students.

Mary: If we don't take good care of the earth now, our children and grandchildren will be born into a world with much pollution. There will be fewer trees and more buildings, because there will be more people.

Jack: I agree with Mary. Things will be worse. The weather in the future will be much hotter. Humans(人类) won't be able to live on the earth. They will have to look for another planet to live on.

Linda: I think life in the future will be better. Most people in the world will use "green cars", so there will be less pollution and people will live to be 200 years old. As for space travel, I would say, we will visit Mars in about fifty years.

阅读下面会材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    Do you have brown hair? Are you taller than other kids your age? These characteristics were decided before you were born. You got your traits from your parents. They passed their traits on to you through genes (基因).

    Genes carry codes (代码) for blue eyes or brown eyes. Genes say how tall you will get and what color hair you will have. You got half of your genes from your mother. You got half of your genes from your father. So you have your own set of genes. Each person gets different genes for each body part. That is why you look like but not exactly like your brother or sister.

    A dominant (显性的)  gene shows up most of the time. Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. A recessive (降性的) gene shows up less often. Light hair comes from a recessive gene. Dark hair is more common. Look at the eye color and hair color of the people around you. You will see that this is true.

    Genes help to make you who you are. But they don't tell the whole story. Your genes may help you to be fast and strong. But you still need to learn how to run or swim or skate well .

阅读理解

	FUTURE VIEW
			It will be great if there is some kind of fuel(燃料）we can use in cars that won't produce any  pollution. I guess there are scientists right now trying to do that, and I hope they'll succeed because the world would be a much cleaner place, wouldn't it? Charlie
	I think it will be great if they invent something so that we only have to sleep for one or two hours every day. Then we'd all have much more time to do things and to enjoy ourselves. Life would be better, I think, and everyone would do a lot more with their lives. Miguel
	If I could choose anything, I'd go for a time machine so that I could go back and do some things differently. Of course, It will be great if there that's impossible— but wouldn't it be great if it was possible? I wish I could go back in time to when I was a kid and say some of the things in a different way! Hannah
	Well, of course, the best thing is medicine for rally bad diseases（疾病）A lot of scientists are working very hard to stop diseases like Ebola, a terrible disease that has killed many thousand people in Africa. So if they found a special treatment for Ebola, or a way of completely preventing it, life would be easier in so many places. Isabella
I wish there was a machine that did homework! Wouldn't tat be fantastic? But I guess teachers wouldn't be very happy. Georgina

阅读理解

    What would you give up to protect the environment? Many people have given up animal products of all kinds. They are practicing a lifestyle called veganism (纯素主义). Some people choose to become vegan (素食主义者) because they are upset about the way humans treat animals.

    For many people, veganism simply means eating no meat, cheese or eggs. But the idea of saving animals also appears in the fashion and manufacturing industries (制造业）.

    For example, leather (皮革) is used in many products, such as shoes and clothes. Every year more than a billion animals, listing from horses to snakes, are killed so that we can use their skin to make leather products. Now, many brands are looking for other ways to make their products.

    The sports brand Puma, for example, has made shoes out of pineapple (菠萝) leaves. Tesla, the American car-maker, is reported to have stopped using leather to make its seats.

    Veganism is growing in popularity. In 2017, the BBC said it was the fastest-growing lifestyle movement in the United Kingdom. At the same time, some news reported that a quarter of Americans between the ages of 25 and 34 are vegans. No wonder the map7ine named 2019 "the year of the vegan".

    So, if you're interested in protecting animals and saving the environment, you might want to give veganism a try. But somebody asks: "Is veganism healthy?" Some people worry that eating no treat at all is not good for our health. It's your personal choice to be a vegan or tot. Just make sure to keep healthy as well.