医疗保健类 知识点题库

    On June 26, 2000, two scientists, called Francis Collins and Craig Venter, told the world that they could now read the whole "map"of the human body: DNA. DNA is something that everybody has, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our mother and father, because we get some of their DNA to make our own.

    People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Gregor Mendel discovered a special reason why we look the same as other people in our family. It is because of small things named "genes" in our body. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick made another discovery and found out that those small parts are real messages written in the DNA with a special language.

In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg and Johann Matthaei found a message in DNA showing how DNA tells the cell (细胞)to build its parts.     Scientists have now found all the words in the DNA map, but we still do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one"word"means, we can help save more people from several illnesses.

    Most people hope that this will help make better medicine and help sick people. Other people worry that when people begin to know more words and find out lots of other information, we might use it in a wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people from getting jobs. Man would have to meet a lot of trouble if DNA technic wasn't limited in use.

根据短文内容，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

    Rock climbing (攀岩) did not become a sport until late in the 1900s. But now it has become a popular outdoor activity.

    If you have ever done rock climbing, you will know that it is not an easy sport. Indoor and outdoor rock climbing both need practice. What most people don't know is that rock climbing is one of the sports that depend on your body and will (意志).

    To climb successfully, one must use wonderful skills. One of the important rules is to always have three parts of your body on the rock face. Another important rule is that your arms only hold you close to the rock face while your legs are pushing you up. The closer you are to the rock face, the easier it is to climb.

    Rock climbing is a wonderful sport. Once you start to learn how to climb, you'll find more fun. People who like games such as chess playing or problem-solving may love rock climbing, because they are nearly the same in the way of thinking. For anyone who wants to get into beautiful shape, rock climbing is a fun and good way. Anyone who enjoys a difficult game and loves the outdoors should think of taking rock climbing as a new hobby.

    Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.

First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but you'd better eat something different, if you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients（营养物质） your body needs.

Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No. l choice（选择）. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium（钙） your body needs to grow strong bones（骨头）.

    Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full? When you are eating，notice how your body feels and when your stomach（胃）feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you fat.

Fourth, limit（限制） screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can't watch TV for more than two hours a day.

    Fifth, be active. One thing you'd like to do as a kid is to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day. Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid. 

    "Dreams may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream," some scientists say.

    Dreams take up about one quarter（四分之一）of our sleeping time. People have several dreams each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.

    Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may think about their work all day. These ideas can carry over into dreams.

    Too many dreams can be harmful(伤害的).The more we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep but we still wake up tired.

    Have you found this? Sometimes, on grey, rainy days, your mood level is lower than on bright, sunny days. Is this a coincidence（巧合）, or is there some science behind this? Would you like to know more about how the weather can affect how you feel?

    According to a recent study, there is a connection between weather and moods. Going to a warm place in the middle of winter can make our moods better. Pleasant weather has been proved to improve moods and memory. However, extremely hot weather can actually make us feel more tired and bored, spoiling our moods.

In the study, people who spent time outdoors in warm weather were happier than those who spent all day inside.

    The best temperature for humans is about 22.2℃. That explains why people in southern California are happy all the time. To improve his or her moods, a person must spend at least 30 minutes outside in warm, sunny weather. Spending time indoors when the weather outside is so nice tends to lower moods.

    Maybe just the activities connected with being outside affect our moods. Warm weather is connected with the beach, fun outdoor sports and so on. It brings back childhood memories of playing outside all day. Who doesn't love that?

    Of course, we can wake up every day and decide how we will feel that day. If it's rainy, that won't necessarily make us unhappy. We'll just have to bring our umbrellas out and cheer up those who are feeling sad!

    It is the 22nd century(世纪) and it is very popular to change people's bodies.

    Mr. Smith decided to change his body. He changed his big nose to a small one, and his old and gray hair to short and blond hair, He also bought new green eyes, new ears, new hands, new arms, new knees and new feet. Mrs. Smith was happy because Mr. Smith's new feet didn't smell as bad as his old feet.

    However, something bad happened. One morning, Mr. Smith woke up and his new nose didn't work. The next morning he couldn't hear anything. Then his new blond hair went gray, and his new knees didn't move. And finally he could see nothing with his green eyes.

    It was really terrible. Mr. Smith wanted his old body back. However, he had to pay 100, 000 dollars for his old body.

    It was expensive but Mr. Smith still got his own body back. He would never follow the fashion.

    Running is a good exercise. It helps1strong hearts and lungs(肺).It also helps most people 2and keep fit.

    Running wasn't so popular 3. In the 1960s, runners were mostly athletes(运动员)and healthy strong people. When people saw a runner, they used 4, "Hey, what's the hurry for？"or they might say to 5, "Is he crazy？"At that time, women almost 6ran.

    But today all these have 7. Men and women of all ages enjoy 8. Early in the morning, at noon, or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside, all over the world, you can see people running—men and women, old and young. People run 9-along the beaches or river banks, in parks, down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym. Some people 10run in their living room.

    Now, if you are a sofa potato, please stand up and join running！You are sure to live a better life.

It's very important for us to keep in our everyday life. Here is some for you. First, you should have healthy diet. Different food helps us in different ways. You should eat more fruit and vegetables instead of hamburgers, Beijing roast ducks and so on. If you choose the right food, you can have healthy eating habits. Second，doing exercise is good your health such as climbing mountains, riding bikes or swimming. Third, you should sleep at least eight hours a day and you shouldn't work or study too hard. Finally, remember that is bad for your health, so don't smoke, and you will become healthier.

Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules for you.

First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but you'd better eat something different.

Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you're really thirsty (口渴), cold water is the No. 1 choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium (钙) when your body needs to grow strong bones (骨头).

Third, listen to your body. When you are eating, notice how your body feels. Eating too much will not make you feel well and make you fat.

Fourth, limit (限制) screen time. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can't watch TV for more than two hours a day.

Fifth, be active. One thing you'd like to do as a kid is to find which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day.

Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.

You should eat well and get lots of exercise if you want to be a healthy kid.  As for running around with your friends. If you're a kid who wants to be healthy, here are some rules for you.

If you eat different kinds of foods, you can get the nutrients (营养) your body needs. Eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day.

Drink milk often. But kids need calcium (钙) to grow, and there is enough calcium in the milk. If you are younger than 9 years old, drink 2 cups of milk a day. Children who are over nine years old should drink 3 cups of milk a day.

Limit screen time. The more time you spend on the sitting—down activities, the less time available for activities, like basketball, bike riding, swimming and so on.  

Be active.  Not everyone loves baseball or soccer. Ask your parents to help you do your favorite activities regularly. Find ways to be active every day.

    Overwork is one of the main reasons why so many students feel tired and stressed. There are some ways for you to learn to relax.

    First of all, reduce (减少) some of the work you do each day. So you can leave time for some relaxing and fun activities, like reading a good book, listening to a sweet song, going for a walk or taking a relaxing bath.

    Secondly, get a good night's sleep. Getting enough sleep will help you keep your body and mind in the best form. If you stay up late and need to get up early for school the next day, you may not be able to concentrate on the things you need to do.

    Next, exercise often and eat healthy food. You'd better eat less junk food or fast food.

    Another way is getting to know pleasant people. Some people are optimistic, while others are not. Choose optimistic people as your friends and spend more time with them. Then you'll be as happy as them.

    Then, learn to keep calm when you face problems. You know that you can probably solve the problems, and it is a good way to build up your self-confidence.

    Finally, have a happy attitude. Your attitude decides the way to see things. For example, is your cup half full or half empty? Learn to think more positively (积极地) about the difficulties you face.

The weather is getting hotter and hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health.

There are plenty of "energy drinks" advertisement on TV. Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names. They tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great and lots of people believe them!

But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡因) in them. These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But he careful not to drink too much.

Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited (限制) its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them.

Several months ago, Chinese COVID19 vaccines (疫苗) were put to use widely. Our government offers free vaccines to Chinese people. Here is some information you need to know.

How is the vaccine given?

It is given by injection (注射). There are several ways to get injected. For the most common way, you are supposed to get it twice. After the first injection, you have to get the second one.

Is the vaccine bad for human bodies?

Some people are afraid that the vaccines are dangerous and may make them sick. In fact the vaccines have been tested for a long time. They won't cause any disease Instead, they can protect our bodies from being hurt.

Who is suitable?

Medical researches have shown that Chinese vaccines are suitable for most people. And people aged 18 to 59 would be the first ones to get injection. Our government expects people over 60 who are in good health to get injected as well. You'd better ask doctors for advice at first.

Should we still wear a face mask?

Yes. It takes a few weeks or the body to build the ability to fight the COVID-19 after injection. Sometimes the vaccines might not work well in the body. So it's best to keep wearing face masks in public and wash your hands often.

Have you ever taken traditional Chinese medicine? Do you like its taste? Some people dislike it because of its bitter (苦的) taste, but more and more people are becoming interested in traditional Chinese medicine for the reason that it's an effective way to cure (治疗) illnesses. For example, if you have a sore throat, you could drink hot water with Gancao.

Chinese people have been using traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Before the western medicine appeared in China, Chinese doctors went to the mountains to pick herbs (草药). Then they made the herbs into Chinese medicine soup to cure patients. When we talk about Chinese medicine, we always think of Li Shizhen, one of the most famous doctors in ancient China. He used to travel in the countryside with a bag of herbs and cure patients. He spent 27 years writing Compendium of Material Medica (《本草纲目》).

In 2020, COVID-19 (新型冠状病毐）hit China and many other countries. Ever since then, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the fight against COVID-19. It's reported that 91.5% of the COVID-19 patients in China received the traditional Chinese medicine treatment (治疗), and it worked well on more than 90% of these patients. In September, 2020, Zhang Boli was honored as "the People's Hero" for his contributions (贡献). Zhang shared the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine like LianhuaQingwen with foreign doctors.

In a word, traditional Chinese medicine is the treasure of China.

The human brain weights about 1.4 kilograms, but it can hold much more information than most computers. However, there is another difference between humans and computers. Computers don't forget information they are given, but humans often do. No one remembers everything, and luckily we don't usually have to. But everyone can improve their memory if they want to. Here are some suggestions.

Try to use new information right away. For example, if you meet someone who says "Hi! I'm Carlos," don't just say "Hello." Repeat the person's name, say "Hello, Carlos.”

Break a big number into smaller parts. For example, it's hard to memorize 109244153, but if you divide it into three parts-109/244/153-it becomes easier.

Go over information. If you bring what you've learned back to your mind, they become easier to remember. For example, before you go to sleep, it's a good idea to think about the new things you learned that day.

Never tell yourself that you have a poor memory. You can always do something to help improve your memory. And everyone's memory gets better if they use it often enough.

All of the suggestions are helpful. If you follow them, you are certain to improve your memory.

There is an old saying：Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. It means that we should go to bed early and get up early the next morning. By doing this, we will be in good health. And we'll also be rich and clever.

It's true that our bodies need to have enough sleep to be healthy. Children should have a ten-hour sleep every night. Those who do not have enough sleep can't do their work very well. They will not be clever and they may not get wealthy in the future.

The body needs exercise as well. Walking, running, jumping（血液） to move around inside the body. The head needs blood too. So exercise helps people think better.

Our lives have become more digital （数字化的）in the modem world.  However, spending a lot of time working, reading, texting and gaming through digital devices （设备）is bad for our eyes.

According to the American Optometric Association （美国眼科协会），70 to 75 percent of computer workers have eye problems.  People with digital eyestrain may get headaches, dry and red eyes, eye pain, watering and other problems.

"Children get cellphones at younger ages and are using them very often during the day, "Sarah Hinkley, spokeswoman for the American Optometric Association, told USA Today.

The good news is that there are many things you can do to lower digital eyestrain.  Your hand should rest comfortably on the screen, as if you're high-fiving （击掌）the screen. Enlarge text size until your eyes feel comfortable. When you are using a mobile phone, keep it at least 30cm from your eyes and just below eye level. Try not to use it under sunlight.

 Every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet （ about 6 meters） away.

A. Studies show that younger children can't use cellphones.

B. We can study, find information and talk with friends on computers.

C. The best is taking breaks away from your computer.

D. These problems have started to rise among children.

E. When using a computer, first sit in your chair and reach out your arm.

F. Last but not least, remember to take a 20-20-20 break.

G. Digital eyestrain （眼睛疲劳）is one of the most common problems.

After the long time of waiting, vaccines (疫苗) for COVID-19 come to the world, bringing hope to every one of us in this fight.

Vaccination (疫苗接种) is different in different countries. On December 8, 2020, the United Kingdom started to ask people to get vaccine which were developed by scientists from the United States and Germany. On December 14, 2020, the US also started that around the country as the number of deaths in the country reached over 300, 000.

China starts having some key groups to get vaccines during the winter, too. Who gets the vaccines first? People who worked in healthcare and at sea food markets do because these people's jobs are high risk as we all know. The vaccine program also covers those who plan to work or study in high risk countries and places according to the National Health Commission (NHC).

This is the first action of China's plan to get people to get vaccines. Next, with COVID-19 vaccines is ready for the market, China will put more vaccines into use for more groups such as old people.

However, people might ask, "Is it safe enough to get the vaccine?" The answer is yes. The vaccine must pass many strict tests before coming to the markets. In July 2020, there were over 1 million people working in high-risk places receiving the vaccine. And there were no serious side effects (副作用) showing in the them.

When some are waiting to get the vaccine, others may not want to get it, still worrying about the side effect." We understand that it's a personal choice to get it or not. But please don't forget to keep the living and workplaces clean, wear masks and often wash hands.