医疗保健类 知识点题库

    Why do you think people who live in some hot countries eat very spicy(辛辣的)food? Is it because the spices make the food taste better? Is it just because their parents and grandparents and great-grandparents liked hot food，or is there some connection between spices and healthy food?
   Researchers from Cornell University think that it is because spice plants have some important chemicals(化学物质)．These chemicals can kill bacteria(细菌)which spoil food．
“Most common spices can kill 75 to 100 percent of the bacteria in food，”explains one of the scientists．The bacteria grow more easily and spoil food more quickly at higher temperatures．For this reason，it is more difficult to keep food from spoiling in hot climates，Do you like your food spicy? Your answer probably tells something about the country you come from．If you like spicy food，it is possible that hundreds of years ago，when there were no fridges，people in your country started using spices to keep the food from spoiling．The traditional spicy dishes helped those people to live longer，healthier lives．Today，in a time of fridges，the spices just make the food taste good．

完形填空。

    Breakfast is very important. It is one of the most important1of the day. To keep healthy, everyone should2a good breakfast.3the right food is necessary for good health. We may have eggs, bread, milk and so on,4breakfast. Many students go to school without breakfast5they get up late or their parents don't cook for them. It's6for their health.7breakfast children may not grow fast and may not study and play very well at school. They may8. And when they're ill, they will9a long time in recovering (恢复). I think everyone should have some good10habits. It is necessary.

任务型阅读

    When we talk of plants, most of us will think of things that grow from the ground and have green leaves, but there are plants that do not look or act like other plants. Some of these belong to a special class of plants called fungi.

    Fungi may appear almost everywhere. ⑶They usually grow in wet places where they can get food and water easily. Because fungi do not have green leaves to make their own food, fungi must take their food from animals, other plants or water. Some fungi live on dead or rotting wood, while others grow on living trees or in dirt or moss(苔藓). Mushrooms (蘑菇) are the best-known fungi.

    ⑷There are many kinds of mushrooms appearing in all shapes and sizes. For example, cauliflower mushrooms are found in forests from July to October. They can grow to be as heavy as fifty pounds! They grow at the foot of trees. Squirrel's bread(松茸) is another kind of wild mushroom. Its appearance and use can explain its name. These fungi look like small golden cakes. Squirrels can easily eat them or carry them off to their hole to eat later.

    The mushrooms in food stores are carefully grown by people and they are safe to eat. People are warned never to touch or taste wild mushrooms, because some of them are deadly. Even less dangerous ones can still make a person very sick.

根据短文内容回答下列问题：

阅读下面短文:客观题请从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    Diabetes is caused by a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a long period of time. There are three main types of diabetes:

l   Type 1 Diabetes results from the body not having enough insulin.

l   Type 2 Diabetes mainly happens to those who do not have enough physical exercise, eat too much unhealthy food and get too heavy.

l   Gestational Diabetes is the third main form. It appears when a woman is having a baby. She will probably get well again after the birth of the baby.

    Diabetes can bring serious problems. People with diabetes, especially the Type 1, will easily get thirsty and hungry, and quickly lose weight. If it is not treated, it will develop rapidly (weeks or months), and cause many long-term complications. All the complications relate to damage to blood vessels. For example, damage to the eyes. It is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the eyes, and results in gradual vision loss and blindness. The complications will greatly increase the risk of diabetes, by which about 75% of the deaths are caused.

    According to a report from the WHO (World Health Organization) in 2015, about 415 million people have diabetes worldwide, which means 8. 3% of the adults in the world have diabetes. Of all the cases, 85% to 90% are Type 2 Diabetes. That is to say, most cases of diabetes result from the unhealthy life style. Diabetes doubles a person's risk of early death. From 2012 to 2015, about 1.5 to 5 million deaths each year resulted from this disease. The global economic cost of diabetes in 2014 was around 612 billion USD.

    A healthy life style can help prevent diabetes. Doing a lot of physical activities and having a healthy diet will help have normal body weight. Higher levels of physical activity (more than 90 minutes per day) can reduce the risk of diabetes by 28 %. Healthy diet includes foods rich in whole grains and fiber, foods with good fats from nuts, vegetable oils and fish, little sugar, and less red meat.

阅读理解

    Sometimes, you might not finish drinking your glass of water before you go to bed. You might want to drink it the next morning. But have you ever wondered if it is still safe to drink?

    "If you have clean water in a clean glass, you're fine to drink it for a day or two," Kellogg Schwab from the Johns Hopkins University Water Institute in the US told Time.

    But you may find that it tastes strange. That's because after about 12 hours, the carbon dioxide in the air reacts with the water in your glass, slightly lowering its pH level.

    Also, there might be more microorganisms in your water if you leave it out overnight. Microorganisms grow more quickly at room temperature. These microorganisms can stick to your glass. They can make you get sick more easily. But as long as you clean your glasses very often, this will not be a problem.

    In countries like the US and UK, people often drink water directly from the tap. This is OK—however, tap water cannot be stored for a long time. Most experts say that tap water has a shelf life of six months, according to Zane Satterfield from West Virginia University, US. After six months, there is less chlorine in the water and bacteria start to grow. You'd better not drink the water otherwise you may get sick.

    What about plastic water bottles? Schwab said people should be careful with them. If you leave a bottle of water under the sun or in a car for a long period of time, the plastic produces a chemical called BPA. This chemical can cause heart disease and cancer.

阅读理解

It is easy for people to have a flu in spring. We should learn something to protect ourselves from it.
▲Typeset of flu virus: Type A flu: This virus includes H1N1 and sub-type H3N2. Type B flu: This virus can cause seasonal epidemics. Type C flu: This virus causes epidemics that are generally at a stable level in different years. Type D flu: This virus can infect pigs and cattle but not human beings.	▲Spreading: ◆Two main sources of seasonal flu epidemics(流行):flu patients and infected(被感染的)people in sick. ◆The airway is the main route of spreading. ◆Common latent (潜伏)period:1 to 4 days, 2days on average. ◆Direct and indirect connect with the mouth , nose and eyes.
▲People who are easy to have a flu: Children, the elder, pregnant women, medical workers, patients with some diseases such as breathing, diabetes and heart disease.	▲Good personal healthy care: ◆Wash hands frequently; ◆Avoid crowed in flu season. ◆Cover mouth and nose and don't touch them after the beginning of the flu: ◆Reduce contacts with people who are easy to have flu; ◆Wear masks if you should go to the hospital.

完形填空

    Do you feel like you worry too much about every little thing? Are you1that you don't live a happy life?

    The2people take things one day at a time. They teach themselves 3to stop worrying. They also teach themselves to keep calm and 4 in the face of life's little ups and downs.

    How can you stop worrying? You should make a(an)5 today. If you always 6problems that happened in the past, you will feel down. You should decide to forgive and 7anybody who has hurt you in any way. Think about the 8 and where you are going. Life is too short and you need to love yourself.

    How do you really live one day at a time? Forget the things in the past that you cannot 9. Don't worry about what might 10 in the future. 99%of the things that you worry about will never happen.

阅读理解

    ①Some people like to be scared(受惊吓)! Choosing to be scared can be fun. Dr Margee Kerr, a sociologist, explained the science of fear(恐惧). "Some people like to be scared because they like the way their body changes," she says.

    ②Being scared is not always fun. When a balloon pops, we may jump.

    Our heart beats faster and harder. How does the body have the reactions? "When we meet something startling, our brain and body start making changes to help prepare us for the unknown," Dr. Kerr explains, "These changes are caused by the senses(感官), which always send information to the brain. It gives out chemicals into the bloodstream, and those chemicals act on different parts of the body. At the same time, the brain decides whether or not the danger is real."

    ③Fear is a tool that the brain uses to keep the body safe. It helps a person to hide, run away, or protect oneself. Our memories also help protect us. As we grow, we learn what's unsafe, and our brains keep those memories. Then our brains use fear to warn us of dangers. Dr. Kerr says, "  ▲  ."

    ④However, too much fear can be harmful because experiences can lead to long-lasting fears that may stop a person from trying new things. A long-lasting fear can mean you've had a bad experience, and your brain doesn't want you to have it again.

    ⑤Many people have beat their own fears. Instead of listening to their imagination, they learn the facts about anything that seems scary. Knowledge can help a person feel less afraid. Dr. Kerr grew up on a farm. She was scared of black bears in the woods before. She says, "After I read a lot about them, I knew for sure what to do if I ever met a bear and how to protect myself."

选择最恰当的单词或词组，完成下列短文

    Our eating habits are very1for good health. Many people like2sweets and ice-cream more than meat and ice. Sweets and ice-cream are not bad3the stomach if we eat them at the end of a meal.4if we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite (食欲). It is of great importance for us to eat our meals at the same time every day. When you feel5, it is said that your body6food. When we feel angry or excited, we may not want to eat.

阅读理解

    If you go to a fast food restaurant, you will probably see a lot of children. Today, some children are too fat, and this is because of their bad eating habits(习惯). Most children are fond of food with a lot of fat, oil, salt and sugar. People call this kind of food "junk food".

    We find many children eat unhealthily. Some don't have breakfast before they go to school. During the day, some don't have proper (正常的) food for lunch. They don't like vegetables, and many of them don't like to eat fruit. They love to eat food with a lot of salt, sugar or fat.

    Parents today worry about their children's eating habits. Some doctors advise (建议) children to eat healthily.

    Children shouldn't eat too much junk food.

    Children should eat some fruit and vegetables every day.

    Children should drink more milk.

    Children should eat breakfast every day.

阅读理解

    William Blake described the eyes as the "windows of the soul." Our eyes are the windows through which we see the world around us. Either way, there's no question that we place great value on our eyes and our eyesight. Surveys have shown that of the five senses, sight is the one that people fear losing the most.

    Thinking about the important function of our eyes, we'd give them the best care possible, but sometimes we get too busy or forget to do a few simple things that can keep our eyes healthy.

    Protecting your eyes starts with the food on your plate. Remember when you were a kid and your mom told you that carrots would improve your eyesight. Well, she might be right. Proper food will keep your eyes strong and healthy.

    Give up your daily habits that could seriously injure your eyes. Always wear sunglasses in a sunny day to protect your eyes from ultraviolet ray(紫外线). Rest your eyes every 20 minutes from the computer screen by looking 20 feet away for 20 seconds. At least every 2 hours, get up and take a 15-minute break when working at a computer.

    Make sure your eyes do not get injured in the first place. You should try to prevent eye injuries whether you're playing sports or doing housework. You should also know when to wear safety glasses and what kinds will work best for you.

    Last but not least, get your eyes examined regularly. Eye exams can help find some eye diseases. It's important to find these diseases early on, when they're easier to treat.

阅读理解

    Ever wonder what would happen if you stopped doing exercise? A new study on identical twins published in Exercise Explores and the results are dramatic（显著的）.

    In this study, Finnish researchers looked at ten pairs of identical twin men. Each set of twins was in their mid-30s, and each had been brought up in the same household. Since they were twins, they shared the same DNA. The only difference was that though they had the same level of physical activity for most of their lives, one twin had stopped exercising in the past few years due to work or family pressure; on average the active twin exercised at least twice a week, while the less active twin exercised less than twice a week.

    The research team put each twin through several medical tests to get a sense of their overall health.

    The results showed        . While the more active twins had lower body fat percentage(20.7versus 24) and better endurance（耐力）levels. The less active twins had about seven more pounds of body fat and worse endurance that showed signs of early metabolic disease. Not only were their bodies different, their brains were different as well. The athletic twin had more gray matter(the information processing part of their brain), particularly in areas that control balance and motor function.

    The study was small, but the conclusion is clear: Stopping your daily fitness activities can trigger body and brain changes, and even lead to some serious diseases like diabetes, says Jordan Meltzl, M.D., sports medicine physician and author of The Exercise Cure.

阅读理解

    The advice to"let go"of negative (消极的) feelings is repeated in yoga classes and self—help books. Now a new study suggests it really brings lasting health advantages. Those who had a hard time getting over daily troubles had more physical health problems ten years later.

    If you are likely to think over daily troubles——running through every "what if" and "if only"—— it makes you feel that's a big deal. Maddux said, "You probably find you feel even worse after a night of thinking. If that cycle is repeated over time, it will wear you down."

    The study results are based on 1,155 people who took in a national health study. Each day, the people described their feeling changes over the past 24 hours. During the 10—year mark, only 17 percent of the people have no physical health problems, and only 20 percent are satisfied with their physical strength. But those who always say they have negative feelings because of daily troubles are more likely to have the physical problems, the finding showed.

    People can be likely to have bad feelings for a longer time for many reasons. For some people, worries or anger could drive it. Many others naturally have a more nervous feeling or are likely to think over and over again. But even if you are born to be negative, that can be changed.

    "Yes, it's hard to 'let go'," Leger said. But people can develop that skill through practice, in which you train the mind to pay attention to the present, rather than worries about the past.

    "Paying attention to the present, especially on things you are grateful for, has been shown to have several advantages, "Leger said.

回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过5个词。

It is easy for many people to catch a cold in the springtime or fall. It makes us wonder if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can't they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. There are actually different cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn't a cure for each one.

When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it Blood rushes to your nose and causes a block in it. You feel terrible because you can't breathe well, but your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature goes up and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells. You may feel very uncomfortable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold.

Different people do different things to deal with colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might have chicken soup to help them get over the cold. Some people take hot baths. Other people take medicine to stop different symptoms(症状)of colds.

There is one interesting thing to note一some scientists say taking medicine when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and kill it Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke, however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this:

It takes about one week to get over a cold if you don't take medicine, but it takes only seven days to get over a cold if you take medicine.

请阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。

It is a cold and dry winter morning. When you wake up, you suddenly feel that your 1 hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough. You must have a cold! Wait a second. Could it just be a 2 cold or the flu that's been going around?

A cold gives you a runny nose and cough. But it's usually easy to 3. Some take medicine such as aspirin (阿司匹林) 4 others try home treatments like herbal tea or chicken soup. Usually you will feel better after a week.

The flu on the other hand can be much more 5. It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can be deadly. The worst flu, the so-called Spanish Flu of 1918 to 1919, killed about 50 million people, according to The Atlantic.

Don't worry. Getting a flu vaccine (流感疫苗) can 6 you from the virus (病毒). Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small amount of flu viruses. This causes our body to develop antibodies (抗体). So next time you get the flu, the antibodies can help protect you.

7, the flu virus changes every few years. Therefore, there are so many types of flu, such as HIN1 and H5N1. The antibodies for one type of flu can't protect us against all types of flu, though.

However, good health 8 may also help to prevent a cold or flu. Washing your hands often helps protect you from viruses. Getting regular exercise and eating healthy food are also important. All these can help you strengthen your immune system (免疫系统) .

阅读理解

This winter vacation ,the sudden new pneumonia (新冠肺炎) disrupted the pace of people's celebration of the Spring Festival, especially in Wuhan—a serious epidemic area. A large number of people's diseases led to doctors' emergency, beds' emergency, medical supplies' emergency, and a war without gunpowder was starting. But the virus didn't make us shrink back. When we learned that the epidemic in Wuhan was extremely bad, many angels in white immediately gave up their holidays and asked for their orders to go to Wuhan. Zhong Nanshan was one of them. In 2003, he was ordered to fight against SARS. 17 years later, He is 84 years old. But he came to the front again to fight against the new type of pneumonia. Like him, other doctors and nurses gave up the time of reunion with their relatives, ate the simplest instant noodles, and fell asleep when they were tired at any place. As the saying goes, no matter what time is quiet, only someone is carrying a load.

    Besides them, volunteers have also made great contributions. Many people donate money to Wuhan, such as masks and protecting clothing. A large number of rescue teams went to Wuhan.

Now that we have successfully isolated the virus, I believe that a vaccine will be developed soon. So how do we protect ourselves? We should wash our hands and wear masks frequently, go out less, exercise more, and reduce the contact with dense crowd.

    Come on, Wuhan, China. We are sure to succeed in this anti-epidemic campaign.

阅读理解

Have you ever been ill？ When you are ill, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains all over your body. You don't want to work, you stay in bed, feeling very sad.

What makes us ill? It is germs（细菌）. Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can't find them with your eyes, but you can see them with a microscope. They are very small and there could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.

    Germs aren't found only in water. They are found in air and dust. If you cut your finger, if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut（割开处）,some of the germs would go into your finger. Your finger would become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs would go into all of your body, and you would have pain everywhere.

先通读下列短文，弄懂大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Do you have breakfast every day? It's important to drink and eat something in the 1. All the food can give you the energy (能量) to help you start a new 2 . Breakfast is very important,  3  some students do not like to have breakfast.

What is breakfast? There  4  two words in "breakfast" — "break (打破)" and "fast (禁食期)" . At night you  5  and don't eat anything, so you should   6  something in the morning and break your fast. You can get the energy from the food and get ready for the day. If you don't  7   breakfast, you're not full（充满） of energy and you may feel hungry (饥饿的). Then you cannot do well   8   your lessons and you cannot listen to the  9  carefully in class. It is bad for your health if you often go to school without breakfast.

What do you think  10  breakfast now?

根据短文内容，判断正误。

Some chicken feeders say the coronavirus(冠状病毒)has led more people in the United States to start raising their own chickens. The practice provides people with a new interest, animal friendships and fresh eggs.

Businesses that sell young chicks and chicken houses say they have seen an increase in need since last March. That is when U.S. health officials ordered people to stay at home to help stop the spread of the coronavirus. Allison and Ron Abta live in California. They had talked about setting up a chicken house for years. They finally did so this summer. The couple's three children were excited when their parents finally agreed to buy chicks. "These chickens are like my favorite thing, honestly," said 12-year-old Violet. "They actually have personalities once you get to know them." The baby birds lived inside the family's home for six weeks before moving into their yard. It now houses the five hens and protects them from foxes and other animals that could hurt them.

Mark Podgwaite is a chicken feeder. He said he and other feeders have noticed an increase in need for chicks since the coronavirus began. The Abta family bought their chicks from Mill Valley Chickens. The farming business sells chickens and feed. It also builds chicken houses. Owner Leslie Citroen offers first-time chicken keepers some classes. She says her sales grew 400 percent in 2020.

Citroen said most of her buyers in 2020 were first-time chicken keepers. Some of the mare parents looking for something to keep their children busy while at home. Others are "preppers"—people who want their own supplies(供给) of things if the world falls apart.

 根据汉语填空，写出空白处各单词的正确形式。（每空词数不限） 

National Teeth-Loving Day is on September 20. Everyone wants to have healthy teeth. When you can't help (大笑), you will open your mouth wide and show your teeth. The healthier your teeth are, the happier you will feel. In fact, (没有一人)of us wants to appear untidy. We can't even imagine what the life will be like without them.

Luckily, there is a (项目)called Show Your Teeth which can help you. It was set up by a (群) of young people. They (邀请)some famous dentists to give speeches one week ago. The followings are their suggestions. Be sure your toothbrush is (软的). Remember to check your teeth, probably three times a year to see if they are in excellent (状况). Also it's usually a good idea to stay away from cakes, candies, (曲奇饼) and sweet things in your daily life. We (期待；等待) that you will follow these steps and protect your (自己的)teeth.