医疗保健类 知识点题库

    Have you ever been to Yellowstone National Park，a national park primarily in the US state of Wyoming（怀俄明州）？At Yellowstone National Park，① ． When they are heated for more than a few minutes，they will break up．

    In Atlanta，the USA，there is a popular restaurant which is very special．In the restaurant，waiters no longer throw uneaten food into litter cans．Instead，② ．

    In America，a new activity known as"zero waste"is becoming popular．It is carried out in schools，cafes，gyms，parks，restaurants and other places．"Zero waste"activity calls on people to produce less litter．It encourages people to reuse whatever they can．

    Although the idea seems a little unrealistic （不现实的），it is necessary．According to a new report，American people produce the largest amount of the litter in the world．Each person produces almost 4.6pounds of litter every day．More than half of the litter which is put into landfills is harmful ． Actually，this is bad for the environment．Besides this，more landfills（填埋场） are needed．

    "Nobody wants to have a landfill lying near his house，"said Jon D．Johnson from the Environmental Protection Agency，which helps to carry out"zero waste"activity．"There are not enough landfills，so we can't put all our litter into them．We should try to recycle it as much as we can．"

    To get rid of (摆脱) "holiday fat" is not that easy. The followings may give you some help.

    Stay Active. One of the main reasons of being fat during the holidays is lack of (缺乏) exercise. Time is spent doing holiday activities such as having a big meal, watching TV and so on. These make us more tired.

    Don't Starve (使挨饿) Yourself. Many people think that before taking part in a new year dinner, they should go hungry all day so that they won't get too many calories (卡路里) later on. The fact is you may be so hungry that you will eat much more.

    Choose Healthy Food. For the cooks of the family, you really need to think about the ingredients (材料) that you often use and then think about how you can make the dish healthier.

    Sleep. Lack of sleep not only leads to stress, it can also lead to weight gain (体重增加). Enough sleep can help you lose weight in some way. So try to have a good night's sleep.

    Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast? A short time ago, a test was given in the United States. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, were asked to have a test. During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten different kinds of breakfast.

    The results show that if a person eats a right breakfast, he or she will work better. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly in class.

    The result is opposite to what some people think. Having no breakfast will not help you lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch. They will gain weigh instead of losing it. Besides, you will lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.

    Everyone must go to bed early and get up early, or we won't be healthy and clever.

    Is this true? Maybe it is. The body must have enough sleep. Children of our age need nine hours' sleep every day. If we don't go to bed early, we won't have enough sleep. Then we can't think and do our work properly, or we'll not be clever.

    Some people go to bed late and get up late. This is not good for health. We must sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us to sleep soundly（踏实地）.

When the daytimes comes, we must get up. This is the time for exercise. If we lack（缺少） exercise, we'll become weak. Exercise keeps us a strong body.

    Exercise helps the blood（血液） flow（流动） around inside the body. This is very important. Blood takes food to all parts of our body. The brain also needs blood, we think with our blood. So we can think better if we keep our body healthy and take exercise.

    Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

    This is an old English saying (谚语). It means that we should go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich and clever.

    Is this true? Perhaps it is. The body must have enough sleep. Children of your age need ten hours' sleep every night. If you go to bed late, you can't have enough sleep. Then you can't think carefully and your homework will be wrong. You will not be wise and you may not become wealthy!

    Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is not good for them. We should sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us sleep well. When the daylight comes, we should get up. This is the time for exercise. If the body is not used, it will become weak. Exercise keeps it strong.

    Exercise helps the blood (血液) to move around inside the body. Blood takes nutrition (营养) to all parts of our bodies. The brains (大脑) in our heads also need blood. We think with our brains. If we keep our bodies healthy, and take exercise, we can think better!

    Our bodies also need air to breathe (呼吸). Without air we will die. Get up early in the morning and we can have plenty of clean, fresh air. That will keep us healthy and happy.

    You're not the same person you were as a child. You're not even the same person you were five years ago. We don't just mean your personality. While we'd love to start a never-ending discussion over the "true self", we're here to talk about the cells(细胞)in your body.

    Do you know how your fingernails and hair are constantly growing and replacing themselves? The same thing happens almost everywhere in your body. Your outer layer of skin makes way for fresher skin, and inside your veins(血管), blood cells turn over to make way for fresh blood. It's probably no surprise that these types of cells are short-lived, even some of the most seemingly permanent(永久的)parts of your body replace themselves over time-including your bones.

    Strong as your bones might seem, the cells they're made of won't last a lifetime. Bones are masters at rebuilding themselves, which is why most broken bones can heal on their own into the right shape.

    Bones have special cells called osteoclasts(破骨细胞)whose job is to break down bone, even if it isn't broken, and send the minerals into the blood stream. This may sound frighteningly like your bones are wearing away, but your body knows what it's doing. As osteoclasts break down bone, osteoblasts(成骨细胞)build up new bone to replace the old. By the end of each year, about 10 percent of your entire adult skeleton will have been rebuilt through this process.

    If 10 percent of your bone breaks down every year, it must take about ten years to renew 100 percent of your skeleton. That would be a great guess, and it lines up nicely with the medical myth that the human body's cells are fully replaced every seven years, but the body is a bit more complex. That 10 percent is just an average-some bone grows faster than that, and some grows slower. While some parts of your bone will turn over quickly, other parts will stick around for decades. In fact, most bone cells could live as long as 50 years.

    So before you get wrapped up in an identity crisis(危机)about the cells in your body disappearing on you, know that you can lose some hair and you can cut your nails, but the bones of you aren't going anywhere-at least not very soon and not all at once.

    The smart wristband (智能手环), a new welcoming product, is changing our lifestyle. And there are also many different brands to choose, such as Apple or Huawei.

    Here are the reasons why people choose a wristband. The wristband can also be connected to the mobile phone. You are able to use it to answer the phone, but a traditional watch can never do that.

    Besides, the smart wristband looks fascinating. We often see teenagers wearing wristbands.

    Thirdly, at present many people have realized the importance of health. Some people play sports every day to keep healthy. It's helpful to know how far they have run or how many steps they have got with a wristband. The wristband shows the results every day and you'll know whether you achieve your aim or not, However, some parents are still against using it. They think the teenagers are under the radiation (辐射) all the time.

    Each coin has two sides. It's up to you to use it or not.

Because of busy work and the need of feeding a family, many people think it's hard for them to find time to take exercise. What's more, most people have a long-standing idea in their minds that taking exercise in the evening makes it more difficult to sleep.

However, a new study shows that half-an-hour high-intensity (高强度的) exercise in the early evening does not give people sleep problems and may even help people become thin by stopping their hunger growing.

To see whether (是否) taking exercise at different times of the day affected sleep, the scientists found eleven middle-aged men and divided (把……分成) them into three groups. The first group took exercise in the morning (6-7 am), the second in the afternoon (2-4 pm) and the third in the evening (7-9 pm). All of them finished the same exercise — 30 minutes of cycling. After the exercise, the scientists asked them how they slept that night. Before and after the exercise, the scientists took their blood samples (血样).Now people can see the results in the magazine Experimented Physiology.

The men also took exercise "harder" in the after­noon and evening. But the scientists said this kind of exercise was still not enough for the men to find any change in how hungry they felt. They also said that they might not get the same result if some women did the same exercise. They hoped to do more studies to see whether taking exercise would affect one's hunger.

Being a fit and healthy person is very important for lots of people today. In fact, some people like running and exercising so much that they become obsessed with keeping track of it.

Thanks to fitness apps and gadgets (小玩意), people can measure every step they take, what they eat and every calorie (热量) they burn. They might wear a special watch on their wrist, shoes on their feet or use different apps on their phone to measure their movements. Importantly, once they have done that they post it on social media. All of their friends can see where they've run, what workout they've done or what they had for lunch.

    Doctor Daniel Kraft from the United States makes gadgets for people like this. He told the Digital Health Summit that these people, known as "trackaholics" (追踪狂), would become the norm (常态) in the future.

And I think he's right. I can see the world of health and fitness changing around me every day. One of my friends, named Anna Palmer, is always using the latest fitness gadgets. Her favorite is an app called Argus. She uses it on her phone to measure her steps, heart rate (心率) and amount of calories she has burnt. She always posts these things, and pictures of herself exercising, on social media. "It's nice to know how much exercise you have done, rather than guess," she said. "That way I can keep pushing myself to improve." Also, my friends in China use WeChat (微信) to compare how many steps they've taken each day. They are very competitive about this!

    Fast walking is the exercise between walking and race walking. A study shows that fast walking has become the most popular exercise in China and many people walk more than 5,000 steps a day. The results of the study are from QQ users. About 37% of the people choose fast walking as their favourite exercise; over 23% choose running and more than 14%choose riding bikes.

    Fast walking and running are easy, cost little and work well, so they are popular. And many people would rather do exercise in nature than go to gyms (健身房). It's best to walk fast for at least 10 minutes at one time and walk up to 6,000 steps every day.

    The study also shows that people in Guiyang, Guizhou love sports most. On average (平均), everyone there walks 5,941 steps every day. It seems that people in places with better environment and air are more willing to (更愿意) do sports.

People often ask and are asked what is the most important thing in life. Some people answer that family is the most important and others say love, work or money. In my opinion, health is the most important in life. However, how to keep healthy?

Firstly,    ①   A positive attitude towards life must be good to health. It also brings new power to overcome disease.

Secondly,    ②   Taking exercise regularly or even every day helps you build a strong body, which is the base of health. Exercise can improve the ability of the body to fight disease.

Thirdly,   ③   . Because friendship is an important part. To influence your health. Many studies show that people with a wide range of social contacts get sick less than those who don't. I always feel better when I am with friends than I am alone.

Finally,   ④   . Having a good rest and building normal daily routine are also important to health.

Health is a problem. We should attach importance to. Only by building a health healthy body can we live a better life.

Do you have a lifestyle? I think I do. First, I have many good habits. I like junk food. hardly eat it. I eat fruit and vegetables every day. they are not very delicious, but they are good my health. Second, I exercise every day. It is said that if people run every day, they will have healthier hearts than , so I run for about thirty minutes every morning. , I have good living habits. I try for eight hours every night. That me to be energetic(精力充沛的) the next day. And I can study better and better grades (成绩).

What do you think of my lifestyle? Can you learn something from it?

There have always been a lot of commonly believed but wrong ideas about being fat and doing exercise. Some people believe they can't help putting on weight as they get older, while others believe that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more:

I'll never lose weight — I come from a fat family

Wrong! It is true that fatness runs in families and genes (基因) might play a role in it. However, the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.

I am fat because I burn calories(热量) slowly

Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism (新陈代谢). If fact, although fat people burn more calories that thin people, they fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary on diet can help you find out how many calories you take in every day.

Exercise is boring

Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it again and again. The key is to develop a balanced (平衡的) program of different kinds that's fun as well as helpful. If you enjoy a Sunday walk, choose a different road. If you do Yoga, try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge.

No pain, no gain

Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Yes, pain is your body telling you something's wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may feel a little uncomfortable as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body getting used to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the pains should be gone very quickly. If you don't, rest and look for medical advice.

    It is never easy to admit(承认) you are in the wrong. We all 1to know the art of apology. Think how often you have done wrong. Then count how many 2you have expressed clearly you were 3. You can't go to bed with an easy mind if you do 4about it.

    A doctor friend, Mr. Lied, told me about a man who came to him with different kinds of signs: headache, heart trouble and insomnia(失眠). 5some careful exams, Mr. Lied found nothing wrong with him and said, "if you don't tell me what's 6you, I can't help you."

    The man admitted he was cheating his brother of his inheritance(遗产). Then the clever doctor7the man to write his brother and 8his money. As soon as the letter was put into the post box, the man suddenly cried: "Thank you," he said to the doctor, "I think I have got well."

    An apology can not only save a broken relationship(关系) but also make it 9. If you can think of someone who should be 10an apology from you, do something about it right now.

Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit — and that can be a very unhappy thing. . Read on for some advice worth trying.

①.

People will have less chances for Alzheimer's disease（早年性痴呆症）if they often make plans and look forward to bright future. . Something is as simple as having a weekly coffee or dating with a friend tomorrow. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.

②Go for a walk

Good blood glucose（葡萄糖）can help you keep good memories and physical exercise can make the blood glucose in good levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals and that's good for your brain. .

③Learn something new

Take a French class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. The study shows that the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are active at the same time. . Or go dancing with your friends.

"An apple a day keeps the doctor away." Similarly, if we drink a little more water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor less often. A healthy diet is made up of water and different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and fish, are important as they offer energy and fiber, without giving us much fat and sugar. But why is water important?

The human body needs water to survive. Water is important as it carries poisons and waste out of our bodies. However, doctors advise us to drink plenty of water, much more than the small amount we need to stay alive.

Some doctors believe that water is important for health in all kinds of ways. They believe that many illnesses and health problems appear as a result of dehydration—a lack of water. Most people are dehydrated at least some of time, although they probably don't know it. It is surprising to learn that if we feel thirsty, we are already in the first stages of dehydration. In fact, we are advised to drink water before we feel thirsty.

These doctors think that health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure could be helped if people drink more water. They also believe that drinking more water can help people who are fat. Water contains no calories so it will not make us gain weight. If we drink water, we will probably drink less sugary soft drinks. Doctors also believe that drinking more water may stop people from overeating. They say that many people think that they are hungry when they are, in fact, thirsty. Doctors suggest, therefore, that we eat less food and drink more water.

There are still many health problems that cannot be solved by drinking water, so we should not stop going to see the doctors completely.

One day, many years ago, when I was working as psychologist(心理学家) in England, David was brought into my office. Without any words, his face was pale and he just looked at his own feet.

David lost his father when he was two years old and lived with his mother and grandfather. But at the age of 13, his grandfather died and then his mother was killed in a car accident. His teacher told me that he refused to talk to others from then on.

How could I help him?

David didn't say a word. As he was leaving, I put my hand on his shoulder. "Come back next week if you like." I said.

He came, and I invited him to play game of chess. He agreed. After that we played chess every Wednesday afternoon in complete silence. Little by little, he arrived earlier than agreed. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why didn't he ever look at me?

"Perhaps he just needs someone to share his pain with." I thought.

Months later, when I was looking at his head, he suddenly looked up at me. "It's your turn," he said. After that day, David started talking. He finally got friends in school and he even joined bicycle club. He wrote letters to me some times. Now he had really started to live his life.

Maybe I gave David something. But I learned a lot from him. I learned how time makes it possible to overcome what seems to be painful. David showed me how one—without a word—can reach out to another person. All it takes is a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch and an ear that listens.

Do you want to stay healthy? Let me tell you 1 have a healthy diet (饮食). In the morning, you can eat some bread, cakes and eggs. You should drink a glass of milk. It's very important for you because it can 2 you much energy (能量). It 3good for you to go to school or work without (没有) breakfast.

You must feel very 4at lunchtime. So you have something good 5 lunch. You can have some fish or chicken. 6, such as carrots and tomatoes, are also very important because they can keep you healthy.

In the evening, you must be tired. You should eat things7noodles or others with some vegetables. But remember 8eat too much because you can't do much exercise in the evening. Before going to bed, you can have a glass of milk. It can 9 you sleep well.

At last, you should eat more 10. Here's a proverb (谚语): An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

Food is very important. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants (have) a strong body. Our minds also need food. There (be) a kind of food that is called knowledge (知识) for our minds. We begin to get knowledge even when we are young. Small children are (interest) in everything around them. They learn something while they are(watch) and listening.  they are getting older, they begin to read storybooks, science books…anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask (question) and try to find out answers. What is best way to get knowledge? If we learn by (we), we will get the most knowledge. If we are always getting answersothers and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we (learn) more and understand better.