—Taiyuan was _____ ancient capital, constructed by Zhaojianzi in 497 BC, named Jinyang．

—It first served as _____ capital of Zhao, right?

       A．an; a              B．an; the           C．the; the      D．the; 不填

 “If we can set it up so you can’t unlock your phone unless you’ve got the right fingerprint(指纹),” Barack Obama asked last Tuesday, “why can’t we do the same thing for our guns?” For this reasonable-sounding question, the president was applauded throughout the media.

As it happens, though, there is a good answer to this question: there is no market for guns that work just some of the time. Guns are simple things designed to operate as easily and reliably as possible. The introduction of electronics eats away this simplicity, and to a degree that is absolutely unacceptable to the consumer. As President Obama well knows, the fingerprint software on his phone works rather erratically: Often it takes a user two or three tries to log in; occasionally, it falls asleep deeply and obeys the password. When this happens on an phone, the user is mildly inconvenienced. If this were to happen on a gun, the user would be dead. There is a reason that modern smartphones put the camera function outside of the authentication(认证) process.

How could we possibly think that guns are the same as other commercial products? It is true that, say, cars have become considerably safer over the last few decades; true, too, that “research” has contributed to this improvement. But it matters enormously that a car is not intended to hurt people, and that in a perfect world nobody would ever be injured by one. Can we say the same of guns? Of course not. Guns are killing machines, designed explicitly to do damage to living things. In fact, they have no other purpose. As such, the salient question before any free people is not “are guns dangerous?”, they are, but “who gets them, and why?”

This is not to say that nothing at all can be done to improve public safety. On an individual level, gun owners should do everything to ensure that their guns are kept away from children, and, where possible, they should train themselves in case they are ever called upon to shoot in anger. At the national level, the combination of better policing and economic growth can help to reduce crime—and, indeed, it has. In 1993, gun crime was more than twice as common as it is now, and there were many fewer guns in circulation. Ugly as it is in its own right, that we have reached the point at which two-thirds of all guns-related deaths are deliberately self-inflicted is a small victory.

How to address those deaths that remain? That is a tricky one. I do not know the answer, and nor, frankly, does anybody else. But selling fantasies to the ignorant is not going to cut it.

67. What does the writer mainly argue in this passage?

A. Gun crime has been greatly reduced.

B. The idea of smart guns is not realistic.

C. Gun control will not succeed in America.

D. Guns-related deaths deserve public attention.

68 The underlined word “erratically” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A. with effectiveness                                   B. with passion and energy

C. in an unpredictable manner                 D. in a reasonable and fair way

69.  The writer supports his ideas in Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly by ________.

  A. analyzing statistics                             B. presenting problems and solutions

  C. quoting the authorities                        D. making comparisons and contrasts 

70. Which of the following might the writer NOT agree with?

A. Few know how to deal with guns-related deaths.

B. Efforts to improve public safety have partly paid off.

C. The nature of guns distinguishes them from other products.

D. Guns using fingerprint software can risk the lives of the users.

What should you take in with you when you take an exam? Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler... and don’t forget a bottle of water!

According to a study held in London, students ___25___ (bring) water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10%. Scientists in UK did the study on 448 students. The students were studying for a different degree at the University of East London. Only 25% of them entered the exam hall with water. Scientists then compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who ___26___ (bring) water with them got better grades by 2% to 10%. Scientists also predicted the students’ scores according to their normal schoolwork. They wrote down their possible scores on paper ___27___ the students took exams.

It is unclear ___28___ drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also reduce anxiety, ___29___ has a bad effect on exam performances.

“___30___” the explanation is, it is clear that students ___31___ try hard to stay hydrated (含水的）with water during exam,” one of the scientists said. So next time, when you are doing to have a big exam, try ___32___ (furnish) yourself with a bottle of water. It may help you pass the exam!

The latest attack on the Internet and on computers in general is Nicholas Carr’s writing, “The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains.”

Carr and other digital alarmists make a case that seems reasonable, at least on the surface. They argue that Internet communication tools trap us in a shallow culture of constant interruption as we crazily tweet, text and e-mail. This in turn leaves us little time for deep reading, reflection and serious conversation — activities traditionally thought to build knowledge and wisdom.

The alarmists use the concept of “neural plasticity(神经可塑性)” and talk of technology “reshaping” the brain to convince us that the new distractions make us not just less willing but less able, on a physiological level, to focus. 

Whenever you hear that something is changing your brain, you ought to be worried — or at least the person telling you wants you to be worried. But does a cultural change like this necessarily lead to a fundamental change to the brain? 

The appeals to neural plasticity, backed by studies showing that new changes can reorganize the brain, are largely irrelevant. The basic plan of the brain’s “shaping” is genetically determined long before a child discovers Facebook and Twitter. There is simply no experimental evidence to show that living with digital culture fundamentally changes brain organization in a way that affects one’s ability to focus. Of course, the brain changes any time we form a memory or learn a new skill, but new skills build on our existing capacities without fundamentally changing them. We will no more lose our ability to pay attention than we will lose our ability to listen, see or speak.

The idea that the Internet might make us shallower has some instant appeal, because it is easy to see how the cognitive performance of people around us drops when they are distracted. But the notion that prolonged focus and deep reading mark the best path to wisdom and insight is just an assumption, one that may be an accidental consequence of the printing press existing before the computer. To book authors like us it seems a weird notion, but it is possible that spending 10 or more hours engaged in a single text might not be the most favorable way for building brainpower.

So don’t be afraid of the digital era. Google is not making us stupid, PowerPoint is not destroying literature, and the Internet is not really changing our brains.

Ideas to Make Your School a Green Campus

Universities are doing every thing they can to become a green campus. But there are also items students can do to make your campus more eco-friendly.

Recycle everything, especially paper!

There is a large amount of paper a college student goes through per semester.   36   We know that these things can’t be avoided, but the way you handle the use of all the paper can really help create a better green campus.

Buy green.

  37   Paper, cleaning products and water are products that can be purchased as recycled goods. They’re slightly more expensive than the normal products, but it’s worth it to make a green campus.  

Walk and bike to school. 

Most campuses, especially those that are trying to become a more eco-friendly campus, have pretty good public transit.   38   Walking or biking will help make your campus a green university. 

   39  .

    A water bottle can be refilled at any water fountain and can easily be drank in class or while riding a bike. This will save the environment by decreasing the amount of plastic waste on your campus.

Buy used clothing.

It is usually thought of as something to do to save money.   40   Recycling clothes minimizes the use of resources to make clothing and puts a dent in the problem of worldwide sweatshops.

A. Carry a water bottle.

B. It is also good for the environment!

C. Buy recycled goods as much as possible.

D. Paper made of this kind wood is much stronger.

E. On top of that, almost all universities are pedestrian friendly.

F. It includes class notes, term papers, student newspapers and so on.

G. Universities call on all the students to learn to recycle all the waste paper.

    The news that China bans time-travel TV dramas and movies got a lot of attention on the Internet. Yet, time travel in China is a bit different from time travel in common sense. It is anything but science fiction and always goes backwards in time. There is minimum imagination involved--no ever-ending circles that mess up present and future, no advanced technology, no new social orders or new human forms from the twenty--whatever century, everything is a known historical fact when you travel through in China．

    It is not even called time travel; rather the Chinese people refer to it as time crossover. Time crossover has been an extremely popular theme for online novels for years (in fact, it is an indispensable part of China's online culture), and didn't get picked up by TV and the big screen until recent two years. Most of time-travel dramas and movies are adapted from popular online novels and like in other cases adaptations are never better than the original books．

    The main plot of time-travel novels or TV dramas can be very well summarized in one sentence: from nobody to somebody. Time travel in China is more about escaping from the reality than about realizing wild dreams.

    In China, there is no need of time machine either. People travel backwards in time via the possession of antiques presence at historical places of interest encounter of life-threatening accidents or simple a look into the mirror. Some time-travel novels even start with ''I wanted togo back to history so much that one morning when I opened my eyes I was back.'' Technology is not relevant at all．

    Though China is not short of histories to go back to, people have their own preferences and it is pretty much a gender thing．If the main character is male then he usually goes back to special times in history when he is able to help build up or tear up a dynasty. A typical example is A Step Into the Past (寻秦记), the first time-travel TV drama in China, which tells the story of how a SWAT member helps to unite China and build up Qin Dynasty.

    On the other hand, female characters primarily go back to Qing Dynasty partly because Qing Dynasty has the most number of princes to fall in love with. YongZheng Emperor is the favorite. As can be seen in Startling by Each Step (步步惊心), a Qing time crossover classic, a girl goes back to Qing Dynasty and falls in love with YongZheng Emperor and his brothers．

33. The writing purpose of this passage is to           .

   A．analyze why the time-travel TV dramas are banned in China

   B．show the difference between time travel in China and in other cultures

   C．introduce the characteristics of the time-travel TV dramas in China

   D．advise people to watch the time-travel TV dramas in China

34. It can be inferred from the passage that          .

   A．China now has banned any forms of productions about time travel

   B．the main character always follows a set pattern in the time-travel TV dramas in China

   C．adapted from online novels, time-travel TV and movie productions enjoy more praise

   D．all the time-travel productions are about heroes and their success

35. The news mentioned in the very beginning is intended to         .

   A．prove author's view              B．give an example          

   C．work as a topic sentence          D．introduce the topic

A California man who was feeling sick almost died recently from a shocking cause.

   26-year-old Luis Ortiz went to a hospital because of a headache and nausea(恶心，作呕). When doctors examined him, they were shocked to find a tapeworm larva(绦虫幼虫) in his brain. The story gets stranger. The larva was still alive.

The creature had caused a cyst(囊肿) to form inside his head. The cyst was restricting the flow of liquids to different areas of his brain. The situation was so serious that doctors said they had to perform an emergency operation to remove the larva.

A doctor who operated on Ortiz told him he had only 30 minutes to live. When the doctor pulled the worm out of his head, it was still moving.

Luis Ortiz was a student at California State University in Sacramento. He began experiencing headaches in late August. But Ortiz said he did not think the headaches were serious.

In September, he visited a friend and his parents in another city. That is when the pain got worse. His mother saw Ortiz throwing up and took him to a hospital emergency room.

The doctors saved Ortiz's life. However, the surgery also affected him. Ortiz had to drop out of school and move back home. For now, he is not permitted to work or drive a vehicle.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the U.S. has about 1,000 reported cases of tapeworms each year. The CDC adds that tapeworms are more common in developing countries with poor public health systems.

The best way to avoid a tapeworm infection (感染)is to wash fruits and vegetables. Also, make sure meat is cooked thoroughly. The CDC suggests cooking all meats to an internal temperature of at least 63 degrees Celsius.

25. What caused Luis Ortiz to feel sick and headaches?

A. Dirty food eaten in August.     B. Travelling for a long way,

C. A living creature in his brain.    D. Uncooked meat eaten by him.

26. If the doctors didn’t have an emergency operation on him , Luis Ortiz was likely to            _.

A. die of cancer                 B. live for only half an hour

C. finish studying in school       D. pass the driving tests

27. How should people avoid infecting tapeworms?

A. By washing fruits and vegetable.

B. By boiling plates and bowls before meals.

C. By cooking meats to at least 63 °C outside,

D. By improving the development of economy.

28. What did the writer think of the cause of Luis Ortiz’s disease?

A. Quite frightening. .               B. Very dangerous. 

C. Rather puzzling.                 D. Extremely surprising.

   In the fall of 1985, I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later, I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell. 
        My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college at the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait. 
        Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic -- and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy. 
        You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8! Our home was a complete zoo -- a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full-time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant taking as few as one class each semester. 
        The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, but I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives. 
        In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree!
        I am not special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when you're looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you're in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won't arrive in your life on one day. It's a process. Remember: little steps add up to big dreams.

66. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was to be ________.

A. a writer   B. a teacher   C. a judge   D. a doctor

67. Why did the author quit school in her second year of college?

A. She wanted to study by herself.      B. She fell in love and got married.

C. She suffered from a serious illness.   D. She decided to look after her grandma. 

68. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5?

A. She was busy yet happy with her family life.    B. She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.

C. She wanted to remain a full-time housewife.  D. She was too confused to make a correct choice.
69. What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?
   A. Failure is the mother of success.    B. Little by little, one goes far.
   C. Every coin has two sides.         D. Well begun, half done.
70. Which of the following can best describe the author?
A. Caring and determine.           B. Honest and responsible.
C. Ambitious and sensitive.         D. Innocent and single-minded.

假设你班最近举行了一次班会，讨论怎样使英语学习变成一件快乐的事。请你根据下表所提示的信息，为某英语网站写一篇短文，谈谈你们的讨论情况并提出你的建议。

注意：1. 含所有要点，可适当发挥，勿简单翻译。

      2. 词数120左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。

Recently we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes,

                                                         Li Hua

What should we do when we are in a bad situation? Some may choose to give up. But is that what we should do? The following news report may get you inspired.

    With a population of 156 million, Bangladesh has one of the largest populations in the world. What makes the situation worse is that most of the country is situated on the low-lying Ganges delta(三角洲). As a result, it often suffers flooding, especially during the rainy season from July to October. In this period, the rivers rise as much as 12 feet. In such situations, people can only get to certain places by boat.

    The problems are particularly serious in the Chalanbeel region, a poor area where people survive by farming on the rich delta soil when it is not underwater. But many parents there don’t want to send their children to school and there are not enough teachers. As a result, many kids living there do not attend school on a regular basis. The problem becomes worse during the rainy season when land schools cannot be reached. Many students never return to school after the forced breaks.

     How to help students attend school regularly? 22-year-old Bangladeshi architect Mohammed Rezwan decided to take action. In 2002, the young man used $500 he had received in scholarships to start Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha. The non-profit organization’s mission was to set up floating schools. It took Rezwan four years to raise enough funds to open his first boat school. But as the world began to know about the organization’s worthy cause, money started to pour in. Until now, Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha has built 22 floating schools, some with playgrounds on the upper deck. Now a lot more children in the Chalanbeel region go to school regularly.

    We should keep in mind that there is always a solution to every problem.

21. It is implied in Paragraph 3 that in the Chalanbeel region, ______.

   A. children can’t receive a good education

   B. farmers don’t have rich soil to grow crops

   C. parents consider education very important

   D. teachers lose jobs as there aren’t enough students

22. What did Mohammed Rezwan do to help children attend school

   A. He hired many good teachers. B. He gave students scholarships.

   C. He started building more land schools. D. He opened boat schools for children.

23. Knowing about the cause of Mohammed Rezwan’s organization, many people___.

   A. realized education is very important

   B. decided to do what they could to help

   C. didn’t think his idea could be carried out

   D. were encouraged and tried to solve their problems

I don’t know what it is. No matter___61____ I go to a post office and no matter where the post office is, I always find____62___ (me) standing in line behind someone who has a lot of business to do.

One day, I had to buy a couple of stamps, but I had to wait behind an old lady who took fifteen minutes____63___(finish) a form that a child could do in one minute.____64____( feel) that I could not stand waiting in such a line any longer, I decided to join____65____ one. It seemed twice as ____66____as the first line, but at least it was moving. It turned out to be the worst choice I had ever made. As soon as I ____67___（lose）my place in the first line, the one I joined slowed to a stop. I had no choice___68____ to wait behind a schoolboy who was taking half an hour to choose a new set of postcards. At last it was my turn. I nearly jumped for joy. Then the clerk behind ___69____ counter, a middle-aged fat guy, stood up, pushed forward a printed sign saying “Position Closed” and ____70____(say) without a smile, “Sorry, going to lunch.”

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有

10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

    增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。

    删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

    修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

    注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

    2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    My father and I stayed at Bai Shan Hotel for a week when we visit Yanji last month. It is in the

downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.

    We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free

high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day.I also shared for

my friends many photos taking in Yanji. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we

enjoyed several local dish.

    It is such great hotel that l will recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Yanji.

       假定英语课上，老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文

中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

    增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

    删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

    修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

    注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：

              2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    The number of people who are visually impaired in China are the largest in the world. They have difficulties in life, one of them is getting around. Though tactile paving (盲道) is designed for the blind as the guide to walk, but it is not commonly used.

Most people are not aware the importance of tactile paving for the blind. We could often see that it is occupying by cars or bicycles. Sometimes it is blocked by foods or newspaper stands. Thus, it is danger for blind people to use. It is even no tactile paving at all in some small cities. 

 Since what the boss is talking about ______ to do with them, the workers begin to leave the hall.

A. have much            B. has nothing          C. has much                    D. have nothing

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并将答案标号填写在答题卡上相应题号后的横线上。选项中有两项多余选项。

       A：Frank，it’s almost vacation time．Have you found a summer j ob yet?

       B：  51    But camp job doesn’t pay much．How about you?

       A：Well，I think I can get a j ob at the Friendship Hotel．A friend of mine was a waiter there last summer．The pay wasn’t good，but he got a lot of tips．He was happy with it．

       B：  52   She enjoyed it．She said a restaurant was a good place for her．

       A：53 After sitting in school classes all winter，I'd like a job in open air．

       B：You are right．Everybody knows high school kids earn a lot just by cutting grass every summer．My brother is only fifteen，but he gets eight dollars every time he cuts somebody’s grass．It takes him only an hour!

       A：54 But now，I think I might work for a building company，or something like that．

       B：55 You can learn a 10t．

       A：Well，I'd like to have a try．

51.          .52.          .53.          .54.          .55.          .

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共60分）

Global warming could make humans ___36___, warn scientists who __37___ to have found __38___ that it caused the world’s first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago.

In fact, a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a __39___ between the Earth __40___ up and the size of mammals -- horses, in this __41__, the last time the world heated up.

The scientists used fossils to __42___ the ___43___ of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago. __44__ temperatures went up their size went __45__, and vice versa（反之亦然）; at one __46__ they were as small as a house cat, said Dr Jonathan Bloch, curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History, was quoted by the "Daily Mail" as saying.

The scientists say that the __47___ warming could have the same __48__ on mammals -- and __49__ even make humans smaller. "Horses started out small, about the size of a small dog __50__ a miniature schnauzer(迷你型雪纳瑞犬). What`s surprising is __51__ after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then __52__ increased in size, and that exactly __53__ to the global warming event, followed by cooling.

"It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm, __54__we hadn’t understood that temperature specifically was __55__ the evolution of body size," Dr Bloch said in the "Science" journal.

36．A. taller                   B. higher                  C. shorter                      D. bigger

37. A. announce            B. claim                 C. declare             D. broadcast

38. A. evidence           B. result                 C. sign              D. information

39. A. difference           B. gap                  C. condition           D. link

40. A. heating              B. freezing              C. cooling             D. clearing

41. A. case                B. way                C. occasion            D. direction

42. A. find               B. follow               C. date                D. allocate

43. A. evolution            B. exploration           C. growth             D. movement

44. A. With                B. Because             C. While               D. As

45. A. up                  B. away               C. out                 D. down

46. A. situation             B. occasion          C. point                D. place

47. A. international          B. current            C. past                 D. huge

48. A. effect               B. result              C. consequence          D. outcome

49. A. could              B. must              C. should            D. would

50. A. as                  B. like                C. with              D. of

51. A. whether             B. when             C. that                D.  why

52. A. specially             B. fortunately           C. eventually         D.  dramatically

53. A. agrees               B. subscribes          C. corresponds       D. caters

54. A. so                B. but               C. and                D. for

55. A. driving              B. creating           C. working           D. operating

— Reading novels on the iPad is nothing relaxing．

— Mmm…         I do like books too．

       A．You’ve got a point there．                          B．I can’t agree with that．

       C．I’d say the exact opposite．                        D．You can’t be serious．