I 　　　 myself in my studies. In return, I gained great success. 

A. placed           B. had                   C. laid                     D. buried

 It is in this village____she will build he first school,____inspires everyone to help her.

A. where; that           B. that; which         C. that; that           D. which; that

Do you have those days when you say to yourself, “I don’t need school,” or those days when you don’t feel like rolling out of bed? You’re not alone, but doing well in school will set you up to have the life you want down the road. There are many things you can do to keep yourself motivated in school.

Imagine the life you want as an adult. School may be boring on a day-to-day basis, and some of your classes might feel unimportant right now, but remember that without school, you won’t be able to live the life you want as an adult. Studies have shown that young people working toward clear goals have higher achievements and life satisfaction. Write a list of the things you’d like to be able to provide for yourself as an adult. Some examples of things you want as an adult might include traveling the world, supporting a family, having extra money to see concerts, eat out in fancy restaurants, see plays, etc.

Schedule your study time. If you don’t set yourself up to do well in school, you’ll absolutely hate facing it every day. By creating a regular schedule for after school and the weekends, you’ll bring up your grades, improve your self-confidence, and appreciate school more. What you can do includes setting a patterned routine. Successful people often stick to regular routines to help them stay on task and achieve their goals. Besides, give yourself a break from time to time. Studies have shown that taking a break to recharge when you feel like you’re going to burn out helps improve your productivity.

Reward yourself. If you want to stay motivated in school, you need something to look forward to. Bargain with yourself: if you study for two hours, you can watch your favorite TV show at 8:00. If you get an A on your paper, you’ll take the whole weekend off and just relax. Remember that nobody can work all the time. Give yourself a little time off when you deserve it.

Raise your heart rate. Studies have shown that exercising for as little as ten minutes before handling a task can improve performance by increasing the flow of blood to the brain. The effects can last up to a few hours, so there’s a big payoff for a little bit of exercise. You can do such excise as jumping rope, doing jumping jacks, running in place, or any other simple activity you can do easily in your room.

46. The writer writes this passage in order to help students ___________.

A. love their school life

B. get good grades at school

C. live a healthy life at school

D. keep themselves motivated in school

47. What does the underlined phrase “a big payoff” (last paragraph) most probably refer to?

A. Some exercise before handling a task can help you stay awake for a few hours.   

B. Some exercise before handling a task can make you do well in jumping jacks etc. 

C. Some exercise before handling a task can increase the flow of blood to your brain for a few hours.  

D. Some exercise before handling a task can help you achieve a better performance for a few hours.     

48. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Travelling the world is part of teenagers’ life.

B. It is common and usual for students to feel bored at school.

C. You should give yourself a little time off when you deserve it.

D. Raising your heart rate can decrease the flow of blood to the brain.

49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. If you are highly motivated, you hardly need any rest.

B. Hours of exercising before dealing with tasks can be helpful.

C. Having clear goals can help young people get higher achievements.

D. Setting a patterned routine can help successful men recharge when necessary.

 While emergency teams were using ropes to lift the badly damaged train, doctors and nurses arrived ______ to give oxygen and other medical suppliers to the survivors.

  A. on the scene            B. under way        C. on the point   D. on the way

While thousands of college students headed for warm climate to enjoy sun and fun during their week off from classes, seven local students had other plans.

The Northern Essex Community College (NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring break in New York City, helping repair an area ___61____ (destroy) by the hurricane.

“I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldn’t imagine____62___it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the___63___(power) effect the hurricane had on those people. I wanted to do something, to understand their feeling of helplessness.”

The group headed into Brooklyn’s Red Hook district, which was hit hard by the hurricane. There they met people from other parts of the country,   64  had also volunteered to help. Together, those volunteers and the NECC students___65   (work) to clear rubbish out of a three-story building. They put on protective suits and gloves___66___they entered the building.

Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building   67__   (lie) all over the place.

The students returned to school with   68   sense of achievement, a feeling that   _69   helped people in need. I was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression   70   the students.

假定你是李华，从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡（Singapore）举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生踊跃参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。

内容主要包括：

1.      自我介绍（包括英语能力）；

2.      参加意图（介绍中国、了解其他国家）；

3.      希望获准。

注意：

1.      词数100左右；

2.      可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.      邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。

Dear Sir or Madam,

Yours,

Li Hua

                           Giving  Back 

                               Fair Way

       The Westborough High School golf team had taken the official photos with the

 state prize, The other teams, disappointed,  were on the bus heading home.  And then

 Westborough instructor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards.

 A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Wobum High had

won. "None one have known, said Wobum's instructor, Bob Doran. For Rota, it

wasn’t a difficult decision: "The prize wasn’t ours  to take:? 

                              Coin Stars

     "College students  are  lazy.  but they also wan t  to help," says University of

 Pennsyivania graduate. Dan Hork.  So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where

  students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to

  keep in their rooms. Her "Change for Change" effort has collected$40,000 for

  charities, which were decided upon by students .

                            Never Forgotten

      A school in Massachusetts received a $ 9. 5  million. check from Jacques LeBermuth.

   But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection. to the school,

   Records showed the LeBermuth came from Belgium and studied in the school in the

  1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board.

   LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he

   died , at age 89

   25. What did Greg Rota probably do in the end?

      A. Returned the prize to the organizer,

      B. Apologized to Wobum High School.

      C. Took photos of the state prize.

      D. Had a meeting with Doran

  26. Greg Rota's decision shows that he was                  .

       A. polite            B. honest           C. careful              D. friendly

  27. The underlined word "Change" in the second paragraph means    ,          .

      A.  Idea      B.  Decision    C.  Cups       D. Coins

  28. Jacques LeBermuth gave the money to the school because    '       .

      A. the school asked for it

      B. he had no need for that much money

      C. the school had helped him in the past

      D. he wanted to be remembered by the students

    Once there was a man who knew he could achieve whatever he wanted. He wasn't a great man or highly educated. But, there was always the same story heard from his lips whenever he talked to you, “I will achieve some big things in my life and I will get most of them soon”. I saw him occasionally and each time he spoke like before. But he still hadn't taken one step to complete any of his dreams—no actions at all.

    You can guess what happened next. As the years passed by, I went on my way to several new adventures in business, but he remained where he was. The last thing I heard of him just before I moved away was that he was ill and couldn't get around.

    Recently I spoke with an old friend about this man. Not that long ago he passed away. I asked whether he had taken action towards any of his many dreams. The sad answer was no.    When I think of this man, I wish he understood what Albert Einstein said, “The value of achievement lies in the achieving.”    This man achieved nothing of his dreams. He lacked the preparation and action. There is no achievement made through a dream unless there is dedicated movement, action steps, and perseverance to continue.

    There are several points here that can make the difference between dreaming and achieving. Without a solid and detailed plan for each step, you will spend your entire lifetime dreaming. Besides, in order to accomplish a dream, action must be taken. You also need to consider through any adventure in life whatever that decision is. There are always risks associated with any decision and choice. There are absolutely no guarantees that your choice ends up being the best one.

    But, you will never know where a dream will end up unless you do something. Or, you will go through life always wondering what would have happened if you had taken action and not just simply talked.

32．The author writes the text to tell us that ________.

A．doing is better than saying

B．knowledge starts with practice

C．where there is a will, there is away

D．a good beginning makes a good ending

33．What can be inferred about the author from the text?

A．He laughed at the man.

B．He was the man's colleague.

C．He worked hard and was successful.

D．He once advised the man to start business.

34．Why did the author mention Albert Einstein in the text?

A．To show the key to inventing.

B．To show the cost of achievement.

C．To show the importance of taking action.

D．To show Albert Einstein's great achievements.

35．What may be the best title of the text?

A．Dream to the end

B．Achieve all, achieve none

C．A man who achieved nothing

D．Do something to achieve success

    “I failed to protect you.” That was the message posted online by Du Yijun’s boy friend. He was with the 21-year-old Fudan University student as she died in the crush of the New Year's Eve crowd on the Bund.

　　Du was one of the 36 people who died that night when a holiday celebration ____41___ into a terrible tragedy. Authorities say overcrowding and the ____42____ of the police to control the crowds were the main reasons why it happened.

　　For the last three New Year’s Eve celebrations, a light show on the Bund had ____43___ large crowds and a large police presence, but this year the light show was cancelled and there were fewer police on hand. But the crowds came ____44___. About 300,000 people were on the Bund by 8:30 that evening and more kept ____45___until all hell broke loose around 11:30.

　　For some unknown reason, on a stairway ____46___ up to the riverfront viewing platform, a sense of ____47____ overtook the crowd and they began to stampede(蜂拥).Some people ____48___ on the stairs and were stepped ____49____ to death. More lives would have been ____50___had it not been for a group of brave young men who urged the crowd to ____51___.

Crowd ____52___ like the one on the Bund happen all over the world and they are becoming more ____53___.According to one study, human stampedes have more than doubled in the past two decades. In recent years, hundreds of people have died at ____54____ festivals, football games and rock ____55___— all caught in the crush of panicked crowds.

In Shanghai, authorities have reacted to the Bund tragedy by cancelling or scaling back big events. But this isn't really necessary. Better planning and better crowd ___56___can ensure safe celebrations.

　　___57___, if you're going to a place where there will be a big crowd, you should take notice of where the exits are and, if the crowd becomes large, ___58___ away from the center. And most ___59___, if the crowd seems too big and makes you feel uncomfortable, just leave. No celebration is ___60___ losing your life.

When you speak English, the most important thing is _______ yourself ______.

  A. to make, understood                    B. to make, to understand

  C. making, understanding                   D. to make, understanding

Tips to Ease Migraines

If you，ve ever experienced migraine headache，you know that it，s no walk in the park. Migraines are a very painful type of headache, and often felt on one or both sides of a head. Some people experience migraines every now and then, while others get them more than once a week. 36  Although they are not dangerous to life, migraines can seriously affect one，s ability to function throughout the day. Here are four tips for easing migraines.

1.    Learn to manage. Migraines are often caused by stress，so try not to get stressed out easily. Avoid using the computer for too long and going to bed late at night. Learning stress management techniques can reduce and even prevent the pain of a migraine headache.

37 If you prefer to practice relaxation at home，then try lying down on your bed or sofa and closing your eyes. Take slow, deep breaths and focus on relaxing each muscle group one at a time until you feel relaxed every single muscle in your body.

2.    Use ice massage (按摩）.Another solution is the “ice massage”. Put your fingers

into ice-cold water and then press your temples (太P日穴)until the pain decreases. 38

3.    Drink lots and lots of water. You can       also get  migraines      if     your       body      lacks      water.  Avoid dehydration by staying out of the sun     and drinking  plenty     of    water      throughout  the  day. Carry a water bottle with you. 39

4.    40 When you have a migraine, lights and sound can sometimes be your worst enemy. Close your curtains, turn out the lights, and remember to turn off the TV.

A.    Add a few drops of peppermint (薄荷)oil for an even stronger effect.

B.    Create a dark space to rest.

C.    But never drink coffee, tea, or soda, for these may cause migraines.

D.    But never wear headphones for too long, since it may cause migraines.

E.    Avoid bright lights and loud noises.

F.    You can do this by taking a yoga lesson.

G.    About 6 in every 100 people regularly experience migraine headaches.

Nobody laughed when the UK comedy show Little Britain toured the US. Americans didn’t find the “British stereotypes(刻板印象)” funny. One character was a woman who was sick whenever she saw a foreigner. Another was a loud and rude 15-year-old girl cursing at her teachers. But back home, British people were laughing, thinking, “Yes! That’s exactly what we’re like!”

A laugh is a laugh in any language, but the reasons for it can be very different. Britons and Americans speak the same language, but humor does not always translate.

Take The Office as an example. This was originally a UK TV series but it was changed for the US. Both the US and UK series are set in a boring workplace in a boring town. But David Brent, the boss of the UK office, is not a nice guy like Michael Scott in the US version. “We had to make Michael Scott a slightly nicer guy,” wrote series creator Ricky Gervais. “He couldn’t be too mean.”

Gervais said British people are different from Americans because “ Britons cruelly make fun of people we like or dislike... and of ourselves”. He believes the differences between the American and British senses of humor are because of “our upbringing”.

“ Americans are brought up to believe they can be the next president of the United States,” he wrote. “ Britons are told, ‘It won’t happen for you’.”

Things usually turn out fine at the end of every US Office episode(集). Even if they’re not perfect, the characters “learn a lesson” for the future.

But in David Brent’s office - and in lots of UK comedies -the last scene is often sad. You are often left with the feeling that things just couldn’t get worse. For British people, this seems truer to life and so much funnier.

It’s not just Britain and the US that have comic differences. Few foreigners would understand a Chinese cross-talk show, for example.

Cultural differences are no laughing matter. But comic differences can be a window into a Culture.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

28. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To show that British humor is not funny at all.

B. To show that American people don't understand British people.

C. To show that Britain and America have different stereotypes.

D. To show how humor may mean different things in different cultures.

29. Which of the following statements about The Office is TRUE according to the article?

A. David Brent is quite a nice guy.

B. Michael Scott is a rather mean guy.

C. Episodes in the UK version often end on a hopeless note.

D. Episodes in the US version often end in a boring way.

30. What can we infer from the article?

A. Brits do not like to make fun of others.

B. British comedy often has a moral message.

C. American people are brought up to be more positive.

D. Jokes are difficult to translate from one language into another.

31. What is the author's opinion of comic differences?

A. They are slight differences that can be ignored.

B. They can partly show cultural differences.

C. They show stereotypes of different cultures.

D. They help people communicate with each other.

某英文杂志正在举办以"Fancy yourself as an interviewer"为主题的征文活动，请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview" 为题，写一篇英语短文。

内容包括：

1. 采访的对象；

2. 采访的原因；

3. 想提的问题。

注意：

1. 词数100-120左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；

4. 短文的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。

A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview

The person I would like to interview is ____________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

   I wondered if anyone had experienced such an unexpected trip as I had.

    The day of my holiday arrived, but I wasn’t looking forward to it. I had little money and had only been able to afford to stay with my Aunt Rosa in Spain. So, I wasn’t really excited as I knew exactly what it was going to be like: lots of noisy cousins, and Aunt Rosa begging me to take her for a ride.

    After I had checked in, I made my way slowly to the departure gate. As I was waiting to board the plane, I kept thinking about my ideal holiday destination: JamaSica, with its long, sandy beaches and crystal clear water.

    As soon as the plane took off, I fell fast asleep and only woke to the sound of the announcement: “Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts, as we will shortly be landing in Kingston.” I froze in my seat. Was I dreaming? Kingston? Jamaica? I had boarded the wrong plane! 

    Immediately after the plane landed, I explained the situation to the authorities. It seems there were also three other passengers heading for Spain. Apparently it had been the airline’s fault, since the flight numbers for Spain and Jamaica were exactly the same! Therefore, with no flight back to London for a week, the airline had no choice but to pay for our stay.

    So there I was,lying on the beach, enjoying the music and the marvelous food of Jamaica! As for Aunt Rosa, I suppose she just had to live without me!

21. Why did the writer choose to spend her holiday with her aunt in Spain?

A. She missed her cousins very much.             

B. She could hardly afford any better trip.

C. Her aunt begged her to go there.  

D. Spain was her ideal destination.

22. In the text, the writer ended up _________.

A. flying to London immediately               

B. heading for Spain from Jamaica

C. enjoying a free beach holiday         

D. complaining to the authorities 

23. Which of the following might be the best title of the text?

A. A Well-Planned Trip                             B. A Terrible Adventure

C. A Nice Dream                                             D. A Lucky Mistake   

Enough sleep is important to health. The amount of sleep   61  (need) depends on the age of the person and the conditions in   62   sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than   63  old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups. Some can do with   64  than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need.   65   is then a matter of good judgment to satisfy his need. Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his    66    (strong) and get ready for a day’s work.

Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. So it is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep   67    the open air. A bath at bedtime,   68     hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful     69     sleep. Sleep-producing drug should never be taken except when    70     (suggest) by a doctor.

     Students from Florida International University in Miami walked on water Thursday for a class assignment. To do it, they wore aquatic (水上的) shoes they designed and created.

Alex Quinones was the first to make it to the other side of a 175­foot lake on campus in record time—just over a minute. Quinones, who wore oversized boat­like shoes, also won last year and will receive $500. Students had to wear the aquatic shoes and make it across the lake in order to earn an “A” on the assignment for Architecture Professor Jaime Canaves, Materials and Methods Construction Class. “It's traditional in a school of architecture to do boats out of cardboard for a boat race. I thought our students were a little bit more special than that，” Canaves said. “We decided to do the walk on water event to take it to the next level.”

A total of 79 students competed in the race this year in 41 teams. Only 10 teams failed to cross the lake. Others who fell got back up and made it to the end. The race is open to all students and anyone in the community. The youngest person to ever participate was a 9­year­old girl who competed in place of her mother, while the oldest was a 67­year­old female.

A large crowd on campus joined Canaves as he cheered on the racers. He shouted encouraging words, but also laughed as some unsteadily made their way to the end.

“A part of this is for them to have more understanding of designing and make it work better，” he said. It is also a lesson in life for the students.

“Anything, including walking on water, is possible, if you do the research, test it and go through the design process seriously.”

29．For what purpose did the students take part in the race?

A．To go across the lake to school.       B．To pass Professor Canaves' class.

C．To test their balance on the water.     D．To win the prize money of $500.

30．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Most students finished the class assignment successfully.

B．The students who fell into the water were criticized seriously by the Professor.

C．The students wore shoes distributed by Professor Canaves to walk across the lake.

D．The students took part in the race to challenge their physical abilities.

31．What can we infer from the passage?

A．Alex Quinones is a top student in the university.

B．It's a custom for the people in the community to get involved in student activities.

C．The student who made it to the end in the race would succeed in their professional career.

D．Professor Canaves attaches importance to hands­on learning experience.

32．The purpose of the passage is to ________.

A．show his approval of the unique teaching style  B．inspire teachers to be more creative

C．report an interesting assignment     D．encourage more people to take part in the race

Pooja Dhingra should have been a lawyer. But while studying____41  at university in

  Mumbai, she decided to quit her major and to learn something more   42  .

      Remembering helping her mother in the  43   during her childhood, she decided to work

  with food instead of legal cases. So she   44    her parents to let her go to study cooking.

  One day, her friends took her to one of the best macaron（杏仁小圆饼）shops in Paris. After just one  45  ,Ms Dhingra determined that when she  46  to Mumbai she would open her own   macaron store, the first of its kind in India.

      Upon graduation, she started    47    macarons in her parents' kitchen, but it was a

  complete    48  .The hot and wet weather in Mumbai made it  49   to make delicious cakes. After 60 failed 50  , she finally got an ideal recipe.

       51   being both young and female meant she faced additional__52   . "The biggest

  problem was to get people to take you _53  ．”she tells us. "For example,   54   I had to

buy machinery, I would have to ask my father to make these calls for me. "

      However, she   55   opened her first shop in 2010. To   56   sales in a city where very few people knew what a macaron was, Ms Dhingra _ 57   free samples to customers. The cakes were immediately popular, and sales soon took off thanks to the   58   evaluation.  .

        Now, Ms Dhingra is the   59   of three busy macaron shops. She has planned to   60

  her business across the country.One newspaper article called her " the macaron queen of India" .

    41. A. design         B. law         C. literature      D. medicine

    42. A. creative        B. confident    C. enthusiastic    D. effective

    43. A. bedroom       B. study       C. kitchen        D. basement

    44. A. reminded      B. warned      C. forgave        D. convinced

    45. A. drink         B. effort        C. breath         D. bite

    46. A. replied        B. traveled     C. returned        D. walked

    47, A. eating         B. making     C. bringing        D. selling

48. A. comfort       B. honor        C. failure        D. success

49. A. appealing      B. difficult     C. smooth        D. available .

  50.A. competences    B. assumptions  C. statements     D. attempts

51. A. Yet           B. Still         C.  Even        D. Just    

  52. A, praises        B. sacrifices    C. tasks           D. challenges

  53. A. slightly       B. pleasantly    C. seriously        D. peacefully   '

54. A. if'           B. after         C. though         D. unless

55. A. eventually     B. suddenly    C. eagerly         D. unwillingly .

56. A. check        B, promote     C. ban             D. decrease

57. A. put away      B. smoothed away C. cleared away   .D. gave away

58. A. negative      B. positive      C. plain           D. critical

59. A. customer   '  B. inventor     C. driver          D. owner

60. A. expand       B. sell         C. abandon        D. protect

 ---Did you remember to take the key to Tom?

   ---Yes, I gave it to him ________ I saw him.

   A. while                  B. once                 C. suddenly           D. the first time

By the time I saw the angry expression on his face, I ______ exactly what I was having to face. But not for a moment ______ I should quit.

A. had known; I thought                     B. have known; had I thought

C. would know; I would think                D. knew; did I think

    To err is human. Society is suffering from an inability to acknowledge as much.

For individuals, errors are painful. The trick, then, is to err well: to recognize mistakes and learn from them. Worryingly, humanity may be getting worse at admitting its mistakes.

Few enjoy the feeling of being caught out in an error. But real trouble starts when the desire to avoid a punishment leads to a refusal to deal with contrary evidence. Economists often assume that people are sensible. When faced with a new fact, these people should update their view of the world to take better decisions in future. Yet years of economic research confirms that people frequently disregard information that conflicts with their view of the world.

Why should that be? Last year Roland Benabou, of Princeton, presented a framework for thinking about the problem. In many ways, beliefs are like other economic goods. People spend time and resources building them, and get value from them: some beliefs make owners feel good and show their public identity; other beliefs provide value by shaping behavior—for example, religious asceticism(禁欲主义) can help one avoid unhealthy habits.

Because beliefs, however, are not simply tools for making good decisions, but are treasured in their own right, new information that challenges them is unwelcome. People often engage in “motivated reasoning” to manage such challenges. Mr Benabou classifies this into three categories. “Strategic ignorance” is when a believer avoids information offering conflicting evidence. In “reality denial”， troubling evidence is rationalized(合理化)：real estate investors might make up fanciful theories for why prices should behave unusually, and supporters of a disgraced politician might claim the negative news to be fake. And lastly, in “self­signalling”， the believer creates his own tools to interpret the facts in the way he wants: an unhealthy person, for example, might decide that going for a daily run proves he is well.

“Motivated reasoning” is a cognitive bias(偏见). Not all the errors it leads to are  costly: praising the performance of one's supported football team despite contradictory evidence does little harm. But when biases are broadly shared—within financial world or political parties—danger arises. Motivated reasoning helps explain why viewpoints polarize (两极分化) even as information is more easily available than ever before.

Work by Mr Benabou suggests that groupthink is highest when people within groups face a shared fate: when choosing to break from a group is unlikely to spare an individual the costs of the group's errors or bring much individual benefit. The incentive(动力) to engage in motivated reasoning is high as a result. Even as the fact on a particular issue is obvious, parties can still become increasingly polarized. That, in turn, can make it harder still for a member of one party to get any benefit from breaking from a group. Indeed, the group has an incentive to silence independent voices.

Public statements of regret are risky in a rigidly polarized world. Admissions of error can not only annoy partners but also provide opportunities for opponents. But it is rarely in the interest of those in the right to pretend that they are never wrong.

52．According to the passage, beliefs are similar to economic goods in that ________．

A．both are entertaining and valuable                B．both can be shaped by religious faith

C．both can reflect who the owners are              D．both promote religious development

53．Which of the following is an example of “self­signalling”？

A．A fan speaks highly of his team although it has just lost the game.

B．A man covers his ears when stealing a bell, believing the bell won't ring.

C．Supporters of Trump believe the news about his affairs with a lady is fake.

D．Suspected AIDS carriers refuse to be tested though it can be done for free.

54．What can be inferred from Paragraphs 6 and 7?

A．Polarization causes individuals to break from the group.

B．Richer sources of information decrease motivated reasoning.

C．Individuals with independent voices are dismissed from the group.

D．Individuals in a group engage in motivated reasoning for their own interests.

55．Which of the following opinions might the author agree with?

A．Denying errors is unavoidable.

B．Failure to admit errors is harmful.

C．Humans are getting better at erring well.

D．Wise people ignore contrary worldviews.