One thing I admire about British people is the polite manner ________ they eat, even if it’s just a potato.
A. of which B. by which C. for which D. in which
An article published recently in the scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an important, but so far little has been appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble, and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a decisive factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical(人体结构的)features that make them surprisingly good runners. “We are very confident that strong selection for running,which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees-was helpful in the origin of the modern human body form,” says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah.
Traditional thinking up to now has been that the upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running over short distances. Even Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses and antelopes, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favorably with that of horses or dogs.
Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament(颈背的韧带). When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates(灵长类动物), although the fossil(化石)record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons(跟腱)at the backs of our legs, which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to push us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls (the bony part of the head), another anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently.
But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? One assumption is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. “What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores (animals that eat meat) for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today.” says Lieberman.
21.We can learn from the passage that the human ability to run _______.
A. was only recently described in a scientific journal
B. played an important part in human evolution
C. was considered more natural than the ability to live in trees
D. contributed to the form of human language
22.According to the second paragraph, humans _______
A. are better runners than most other animals
B. are not good at running short distances
C. compare unfavorably with horses and dogs
D. are poor long-distance runners
23.It appears that the nuchal ligament _______.
A. enables us to run with steady heads
B. is found in modern primates only
C. prevents the head from being held high
D. is a unique feature of carnivores
24.The passage does NOT tell us that _______
A. early humans had an advantage in obtaining food thanks to the running ability
B. fossils help us better understand human evolution.
C. our Achilles tendons are an adaptation for running efficiently111.Com]
D. big brains may have been evolved for running long-distance
—Jane was late again for work this morning.
—________. Does she still want the job?
A. I’ll say B. Say that again C. I don’t get it D. That’s quite the case
It was in the Victorian Era(维多利亚时期) that the novel became the leading form of literature in English. Most writers were more concerned to meet the tastes of the middle class. The best known works of the period included the works of Charles Dickens and the Bronté sisters and others.
Charles Dickens came on the literary scene in the 1830s. Dickens wrote vividly about London life and the sstruggles of the poor. Most of his works were written in a very humorous style, which was popular with readers of all classes.
The Bronté sisters were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s. They began to write from early childhood. In 1846 they published the first book at their own expense as poets; however, their book attracted little attention, selling only two copies. Then the sisters turned to writing novels, each producing a novel in the following year.
An interest in rural matters and the changing social and economic situation of the countryside may be seen in the novels of Thomas Hardy and a number of others.
Literature for children developed as a single style. Some works became well-known, such as those of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. Adventure novels were written for adults but are now generally grouped in the list for children. Helen Beatrix Potter was an English author at the end of the Victorian Era, best known for her children's books, which featured animal characters. In her thirties, Potter published the highly successful children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit in 1902.
24.What can we know about Charles Dickens from the text?
A. He described the struggles of the poor in London.
B. He showed an interest in rural matters in his writing.
C. He focused on changing social and economic situation of the countryside.
D. He published the highly successful children's book.
25.Which is TRUE about the Bronté sisters?
A. They were English writers of the 1830s.
B. They paid to have their first book published.
C. They began their writing from adulthood.
D. Their first book was successful.
26.The author states in the last paragraph that________.
A. society changed rapidly in the Victorian Era
B. Thomas Hardy was not as famous as Lewis Carroll
C. Edward Lear was famous for writing about animals
D. adventure novels were not written for children at first
27.This text is mainly about ________.
A. literature in the Victorian Era
B. writing styles in the Victorian Era
C. famous works in the Victorian Era
D. the importance of literature in the Victorian Era
下面短文中有10处语法错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从11处起)不计分。
This afternoon I went to see my grandmother by a bus. It was very crowded but I had to stand. Besides me there was a woman held a little boy in her arms. In front of her, a young man takes two seats, pretending to be sleeping. I heard the little boy curious asking his mother, “What’s wrong with this uncle?” I had thought if perhaps the mother would blame the man. Beyond her expectations, the woman answered with a smile, “Be quiet. This uncle must very tired because of hard work.” The young man must have heard the words. His face turned red and then offered one seat for the woman at once.
Three quarters of the forest ________ burnt to ashes, and the rest _______ cut down for construction.
A. was, have been B. was, has been C. have been, is D. has been, are
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My friend Li Ming used to being upset about some small things and couldn’t keep calmly. His classmates were tired of him and ignored him. Teachers were concerned about him and often talked about him face to face, therefore, all the efforts were in vain.
One day at dusk, he suffers from a stomachache. The teachers and students sent him to hospital without delay and took well care of him. After he recovered, he was gratitude to the teachers and classmates. From then on, he no longer disturbs with his classmates and often joins them in settling some problems. He is getting along well with his classmates and becomes caring student.
As far as I’m concerned, it’s the love and care from the teachers and his classmates who has changed him entirely.
In your life, you may have many unforgettable events like winning a prize, going abroad…____36_____
I was always dreaming of swimming like a fish! At that time, I was so jealous when I saw people swimming. ____37_____. Later, one summer afternoon, I followed my school buddies to a river, accompanied by my brother. I remember how eagerly I kicked off my shoes and jumped into the cool water. Truthfully, I was not sure what to do but struggle in the water. Luckily, a young swimmer nearby happened to find me and soon I was pulled out. Being out of water, I felt I was transported to the wonder world. Realizing that I was safe and well, I burst into tears.
___38_____ I went for another try with my brother. But I feared that 1 would never become a good swimmer. I stepped carefully into the swimming pool but when the water came up to my stomach, I lost my balance again and fell into the water. I found myself further away from my brother than I thought. The King of Terror was approaching! Desperately, I kept my eyes wide open and tried to seize my brother by the arm, once, twice, three times…I was shouting and waving my arms exhaustedly. At last, my brother was able to reach out his hand to touch me. I got saved again.
___39__ But motivated by the desire to swim, I made my third attempt. I felt my legs paralyzed on the bank when I faced the big swimming poo1. Watching the happy swimmers in the water, I was inspired. Why not have a last try? I took a deep breath and confidently went forward. As l was going deeper into the water, I made great efforts to control my thought, so I could keep the balance. ___40__ I was able to swim! Yes, I was able to swim! All of a sudden, a feeling of satisfaction was running high.
A. But for me, the most unusual event is learning how to swim.
B. I would never go swimming again after two unpleasant experiences.
C. Don’t be afraid of the hardships in front of you.
D. Anyway, my dream never ended.
E. I told myself that I would be one of them one day.
F. To my amazement, I made it!
G. Where there is a will, there is a way.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Mum,
This afternoon, our teacher asked us list what our parents had done for us. I write
down a lot of good sides.
Time passes quickly, isn’t it? It is three years when I became a high school student. I
looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciate for your
support. I know that without your properly guidance, I would not have done so well.
However, what still make me puzzling is how to make my dream to go to the top
university come true. Please continue to lend I a hand. I really need our help.
Kate
Jeasica Weatervelt, a Spanish teacher at Bethlehem High School in New York, created an activity called "House Hunters", which was inspired by the popular television show "House Hunters International', for her Spanish class about four years ago.
Similar to the show, students work in groups, pretending to be real house agents, and look for three houses in Spanish-speaking countries. She uses the activity to teach vocabulary related to the home, chores, travel and vacation. She created the exercise because she wanted to incorporate her students' interests into the curriculum. At the time, a group of her students were big fans of the show.
The students look for a house for Westervelt to buy to live in, or rent for vacation. She tells them what she is looking for in a home and gives them a budget. Students work in groups of three, and each student is responsible for finding one house in a Spanish-speaking country that fits the requirements.
The groups usually make a brochure describing the houses they find. Each group presents their findings to the class, while the other students take notes. The entire activity is done in Spanish, so students get to practice their writing, listening and conversation skills. They also get some cultural education when researching homes in Spanish-speaking countries. Westervelt says that students planning to take the class look forward to her project.
Westervelt says, "I think any time that you can find a way to link into something that they are interested in outside of school, it makes it more realistic for them and it makes that activity much more enjoyable for them."
29.How did Weatervelt come up with the idea of the activity?
A.She got it from a TV program.
B.She was inspired by her students.
C.She learned it from a house agent.
D.She was taught that in high school.
30.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "incorporate" in Paragraph 2?
A.change B.absorb C.force D.persuade
31.What are the students supposed to do with the houses they find?
A.Rent the houses for their vacation.
B.Live in the houses for a while.
C.Write an introduction to the houses.
D.Choose and buy one for their teacher.
32.What do Weatervelt's words in the last paragraph mean?
A.Most school activities are not enjoyable.
B.Students should be realistic about study.
C.Out-of-school activities are very important.
D.Learning should be combined with interest.
Did you know that if you need an alarm clock to wake up in the morning, you’re probably sleep-deprived (缺失)? ____36_______ . On average, American teens get two hours less than the average 9.2 hours of sleep they need each night to function at their best.
There are many reasons why teens don’t get enough sleep. ____37_______ . When your parents were young, they might have read a book or watched television before trying to go to sleep. But today’s teens are likely to be surfing the Internet, texting, emailing, or playing video games right before bed. ____38_______ . And using them right before bed can result in difficulty getting to sleep. According to a survey by the National Sleep Foundation, teens with four or more electronic equipment in their rooms are much more likely than their peers to get an insufficient amount of sleep at night, and are almost twice as likely to fall asleep in school and while doing homework.
____39_______ . In the National Sleep Foundation survey, three-quarters of the teens took at least one drink with caffeine every day, and ne
arly one-third consumed two or more every day. With all the trendy “high-energy” drinks and coffees out there right now, it’s easy to get a caffeine overload and that’s not good for sleep.
So what can you do if you’re in lack of sleep? “The good news is that you only have to make up about a third of what you have lost, to function and feel better,” says Dr. Mahowald at a sleep disorders center. ____40_______ . But sleeping until noon on the weekend can cause problems --- you’ll likely be wide-eyed until late those nights. Instead, try keeping a reasonable, regular sleeping and waking schedule.
A. One of them is a relatively new development.
B.Those extra two hours of sleep on Saturday and Sunday mornings can really help.
C.Most teens don’t get enough sleep.
D.Many teens also drink too much caffeine to sleep well.
E.Electronic devices are more exciting than simply watching television.
F.Researchers also have found that biology plays a role in teens’ sleep patterns.
G.Many school districts are shifting their start times to later morning for school students.
---My Dad began to teach me English when I was eight.
---Wow. You must have studied English for six years, ?
A. haven’t you B. mustn’t you C. needn’t you D. don’t you
My coworker Erica and I went out for lunch and on our way home we came across a bunch of small papers with a rubber band wrapped around them. When we picked them 21 , we saw that it was a bunch of checks 22 a woman named Stacey. As we looked closer, we saw that the checks totaled about $3,000! 23 , there were 3 $100 bills. Erica thought that it would be funny if we brought the checks to the 24 and simply deposited(储蓄)it for the woman without 25 anything. I thought that 26 the money was a good thing to do, 27 I made the suggestion that we should 28 that she do something good in 29 . So after some discussion, we got to Stacey’s bank. When we got up to the teller, Erica said“Hey, listen, at some point during the day a 30 named Stacey is going to come here 31 about losing her checks and some 32 . Tell her that her checks were found and the person 33 found them wanted her to read this 34 .”
“Stacey, Hello, I found your checks and 35 it to the bank. I don’t know 36 you take the train in the morning or if you live here, but there is a 37 man that sits outside the train station every morning, and I am sure that if you would like to 38 on the good deed, he would love a coffee and bagel(过水面包圈)tomorrow morning. Have a great day!”
I am 39 to say that the next morning when we got off the train station, the homeless man was there and he had a big cup of 40 and a bagel—that was a Tuesday. The man also had a coffee and bagel on Wed., Thurs., and Friday. I guess Stacey was really happy about having those checks placed into her account.
21.A.out B.through C.over D.up
22.A.owing to B.possessing C.belonging to D.owning
23.A.Also B.Even C.Still D.Ever
24.A.bank B.shop C.home D.station
25.A.doing B.saying C.showing D.hearing
26.A.taking B.spending C.depositing D.donating
27.A.and B.so C.or D.but
28.A.command B.order C.request D.demand
29.A.turn B.return C.case D.surprise
30.A.man B.woman C.child D.student
31.A.worried B.relaxed C.frightened D.pleased
32.A.money B.wealth C.possession D.cash
33.A.which B.what C.as D.that
34.A.list B.warning C.note D.notice
35.A.gave B.took C.showed D.brought
36.A.whether B.how C.why D.where
37.A.special B.homeless C.lazy D.careless
38.A.pass B.drive C.go D.come
39.A.angry B.happy C.doubtful D.alive
40.A.water B.tea C.coffee D.Milk
When you eat out in a restaurant, it is not unusual to hear people yelling, “Let me get this one!” Sometimes you can see them 41 or arm wrestling to fight for the 42 for paying the bill. These fights are often very loud and active. Each person 43 shows an honest desire to pick up the bill, and in the end, all the people at the table give the winner praise and 44 .
In fact, figuring out who will get the bill is always a 45 for Chinese people at formal meals. Although the people who 46 the meal are very likely to pay the check, it is a 47 practice to make an effort to pay the bill. But you will 48 them if you do end up actually collecting money.
In recent years, going Dutch has been embraced by many young people. 49 , older generations who fear “losing 50 ” still find it embarrassing and mean to calculate each person’s
51 of the bill.
But these days, 52 digital payment apps, splitting (分摊) the bill 53 is becoming widely-accepted idea. Even people from 54 generations may want to do so. By scanning a code 55 paying their share via WeChat or Alipay on their phones in one easy click, Chinese
are 56 it easy to relieve the embarrassment of figuring out each person’s payment when they order a meal. This function has made going Dutch less 57 and more fun in China. “Many of us are never without our phones 58 they are convenient. And person-to-person mobile payment services are incredibly 59 to use and at the same time save the trouble of 60 change,” said 18-year-old Han Chen, a student from Senior High School.
41. A. talking B. arguing C. pushing D. carrying
42. A. turn B. privilege C. order D. right
43. A. involved B. called C. selected D. invited
44. A. courage B. comment C. apology D. gratitude
45. A. headache B. tradition C. plan D. conflict
46. A. eat B. cook C. host D. enjoy
47. A. unusual B. strange C. unexpected D. common
48. A. disappoint B. frustrate C. embarrass D. inspire
49. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Besides
50. A. promise B. face C. credit D. money
51. A. task B. part C. ability D. share
52. A. as well as B. according to C. thanks to D. apart from
53. A. personally B. electronically C. separately D. immediately
54. A. younger B. newer C. older D. later
55. A. and B. but C. or D. for
56. A. hoping B. finding C. looking D. making
57. A. sadness B. excitement C. quarrel D. trouble
58. A. although B. because C. if D. so
59. A. easy B. expensive C. difficult D. complex
60. A. putting on B. setting aside C. providing with D. dealing with
Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk. And they’ve never actually 36 you. Everything they know about you 37 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 38 they feel they can know you 39 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 40 is.
Powerful, yes, but not always 41 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 42 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 43 me. I sometimes wished to 44 another agent.
One morning, I had to 45 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 46 . The woman sitting at the desk, 47 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 48 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 49 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought.
Rushing out 50 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 51 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 52 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 53 .
Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 54 ---her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 55 ---were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires.
36. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met
37. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed
38. A. Thus B. Yet C. Then D. Indeed
39. A. rather B. also C. just D. already
40. A. Telephone B. voice C. connection D. impression
41. A. direct B. useful C. easy D. accurate
42. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purpose
43. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
44. A. promote B. train C. find D. know
45. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book
46. A. for the first time B. at any time
C. from time to time D. in good time
47. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding
48. A. shy B. comforting C. familiar D. forced
49. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list
50. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully
51. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant
52. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless
53. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever
54. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness
55. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D. Behavior
Enjoy your own life without comparing it with that of another
——Marquis de Condorcet
If you took the strengths of others, and compared them to your weaknesses, do you think
this would make you feel good? The funny thing is, this is 36 most of us do at one time or
another—and some of us do pretty 37 .
It’s surely a practice for a(n) 38 in self‐confidence and for unhappiness. Let’s say I take a
look at someone who creates 39 artwork on their website and I look at my art, and realize I
don’t come _40 _ to being matched with him. In fact, I look pretty pitiful. But it’s not a fair
41 . If I looked at my strengths—writing useful and honest posts—I can see that I have a lot to
offer, a lot to be happy about.
That’s so important—being able to look at your own strengths, and see your true 42 . It’s
actually one of the 43 to success and happiness.
I want to talk about this issue 44 an email from a reader recently: I have some teammates
from very rich families, I can’t stop myself comparing my lifestyle with 45 . I must say that my
46 planning is sound enough to take care of my existing family; and I can take care of new
family members also, at least for 47 even if I lose my current job. But 48 I see or hear them
spending so much money after possessions, I start comparing 49 . How can I stop this habit,
without changing jobs?
This is an excellent but tough 50 . I think it’s 51 to compare ourselves to others, but it
often makes us unhappy even if we have enough and 52 be happy with what we have. My
quick advice: try to be aware of when you start comparing yourself to others… once you’ve
developed this 53 , stop yourself and tell yourself, “Stop that!” And then 54 thinking about
all the things you do have, the things you love, the people you have and the blessings that 55
has given you. Make this a regular practice, and you’ll start to be happier with your life.
36. A. why B. what C. that D. how
37. A. often B. seldom C. usually D. always
38. A. rise B. increase C. drop D. failure
39. A. astonished B. disappointing C. shocked D. amazing
40. A. up B. close C. down D. closely
41. A. comparison B. communication C. competition D. connection
42. A. strengths B. shortcomings C. values D. weaknesses
A. reasons B. keys C. causes D. means
44. A. because of B. regardless of C. in spite of D. in case of
45. A. them B. their C. themselves D. theirs
46. A. financial B. annual C. special D. beneficial
47. A. sometime B. some time C. some times D. sometimes
48. A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever
49. A. then B. later C. again D. thus
50. A. question B. person C. phenomenon D. reader
51. A. strange B. natural C. difficult D. important
52. A. must B. can C. may D. should
53. A. awareness B. hobby C. tradition D. custom
54. A. stop B. help C. come D. start
55. A. happiness B. life C. success D. confidence
Nowadays, mobile phones are more and more popular in our society. Even many students of high schools have got their own mobile phone. The mobile phone does offer a lot convenience to us. With a mobile phone, we can call the others not matter where we are. We can also send short messages. But, the mobile phone brings trouble as well. The signals of the phone disturbed our living space too much. Sometimes it will be unsafe or impolite to use a mobile phone. What’s more, it can be bad for the students who pay too more attention to it. It seems it’s not necessary for our middle school students to have a phone. In a word, if they use the mobile phone in a proper way, it can help us a lot without bring us troubles.
On top of word of month, the combination of economic opportunities, preferential government policies and sponsorship for studying abroad_________ what lies behind the reversal of China’s brain drain.
A. are B. is C. have been D. has been
Many of us would agree that improving the countryside through technology has great potentials ______ food development in China.
A. in terms of B. regardless of C. in spite of D. on account of
你校将于2016年9月12号举行隆重的建校110周
年的校庆活动。届时将会有来自国内外的一些校友前来参加。假设你是学生会主席,现要代表学生会起草一份书面通知,就参加此次活动做简要阐述。
内容包括:
1. 欢迎大家参加此次活动;
2. 活动时间:9月12号9:00~17:00
活动内容和地点:文艺节目(学校体育馆)
演讲、教学研讨会(教学楼)
3. 活动期间应该注意的事项(至少两项)。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 文中不可透露个人姓名和学校名称。
参考词汇:校友alumni
Notice
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________