假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

    增加：把缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

    删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

    修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

    注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

          2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Today our class go to climb a mountain. This morning we set off to mountain by bus. At about nine o’clock we arrived at the foot of the mountain and with the guidance of our teacher, he started climbing. Because at the half of the mountain some of us got tired, we all were very exciting. When we got to the top, we cheered excitedly. Seeing from the top of it, the view is wonderful. Unfortunately, when we began to go down the mountain, we were catching in a storm. We shared umbrellas and raincoat with each other and walked more cautious. At last we all reached the parking lot safely and got on the bus heading back to home.

     暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出了不同看法，请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法. 内容包括：优点、缺点、呆在家中花费少、不能亲身了解外界；、外出旅游增长知识、开阔眼界 花费多、旅途不便。

注意：

1.词数100字左右。

2.短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述。

3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.

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Metrorail(地铁）

    Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out .Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.

    Farecard machines are in every station .Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.

    Get one ticket of unlimited Metrorall rides with a One Day Pass .Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations .Use it after 9:30 a,m. until closing on weekdays , and all day on weekends and holidays .

Hours of service

    Open: 5a.m. Mon.-Fri.            7a.m. Sat.-Sun.

    Close: midnight Sun.-Thurs.       3a.m.  Fri.-Sat. nights

    Last train times vary .To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations.

Metrobus

    When paying with exact charge , the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTripRcard , the fare is $ 1.25.

Fares for senior/disabled customers

    Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus , use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripRcard .For more information about buying senior /disabled farecard , SmarTripRcards and passes , please visit MetroOpensDoors .com or call 202-637-7000and 202-637-8000.

    Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorall services by calling 202-962-1100.

Travel tips

·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4and 6p.m.

·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost &Found at 202-962-1195,

4. What should you know about farecard machines？

A．They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.

B．They are connected to change machines .

C．They offer special service to the elderly .

D．They make change for no more than $5.

5. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday ？

A．At midnight .         

B．At 3 a.m.

C．At 5 a.m.            

D．At 7a.m.

6. What is good about a SmarTripRcard ？

A. It is convenient for old people.      

B. It saves money for its users.

C. It can be bought at any train.        

D. It is sold on the Internet.

Hotel rooms come in a variety of styles and price ranges. Despite differences m decoration and price, one thing most hotels have in common is a set of rules. Failure to obey these rules can result in fees or fines to cover hotel room damages, removal from the hotel or possibly even arrest.

Smoking

Some hotels are completely non-smoking. Some hotels designate smoking and non-smoking rooms. If you smoke in a non-smoking room, you will likely be fined hundreds of dollars and possibly asked to leave.

Number of Guests

Most regular hotel rooms are designed for two adults. If you have more than two people staying in the room, the hotel will likely charge an additional fee for each extra guest, though some hotels let children stay free. Do not put more than four adults in the room unless the hotels policy permits that many people. Or you might be fined or removed from the hotel

Hotel Reservations Requirements

Most hotels require a major credit card to reserve the room. You can pay cash at the end of your stay, but do not be surprised if there is a temporary charge on your card for a few days after your stay. Most hotels authorize a security deposit on your card to cover any possible damages to the room. Once the hotel confirms that the room is undamaged and that you do not break any hotel policies, your security deposit will be refunded.

Breaking the Law

You cannot break the law in your hotel room, just as you cannot break the law in your own home or in public. Do not do drugs or commit any other criminal act in the hotel room. If you do, you will likely be arrested.

Noise

Most hotels have a noise policy you must obey. If you are being too loud you will usually get a warning. If the noise continues and more complaints are issued, you will likely be kicked out of the hotel, regardless of what time it is.

23．What is the main purpose of this passage?

A. To advertise the hotel rooms               B. To show some rules of hotel rooms

C. To warn the customers                       D. To offer some tips of living in hotel rooms

24．You will NOT be asked to leave the hotel, if you       .

A. make too much noise continually         B. smoke without permission

C. have one extra guest to stay                D. break the law

25．Why is there a temporary charge on your card for a few days after your stay?

A. Because the hotels may use the money to pay for possible damages caused by you.

B. Because the hotels want to confirm whether you have money.

C. Because the hotels need a major credit card to pay for the rent.

I am a time traveller. At the moment, I 71 _____ (talk) to you from the Dark Ages, where science and technology has been forgotten.

   Two months ago, my computer broke and the man in the repair shop said it would be 72_______ (expensive) to fix my computer than to buy a new one！Now, I admit that I am addicted 73_______ the Internet.I spend hours of my free time 74_________  (watch) funny videos on YouTube,scrolling(滚动) through Twitter and playing video games with my friends online. So when I 75________ (inform) that my computer couldn’t be fixed, I was sad！

   I have been trying 76________ (think) of things to do without a computer, but it is a lot more difficult than I was expecting！It has taken a while but I am starting to get used to living without easy 77_______ (accessible) to the online world.

   This experience has made me realize 78_____ useful computers really are.Without the Internet, it feels like you’re missing out on something.However,it’s not 79______ (total) bad. I am sleeping a lot better now and I have been baking a lot, which I love but never used to find enough time to do. And I might need to find 80 _______new hobby soon as I am eating a lot more！

During my school days,I was one of those shy and distant kids who would just sit in a comer for an entire day. For me,my books were my_41_world.Even during breaks,I used to just sit in a corner of the_42_and see others play games.It was not as if I wasn't interested in_43_others or making new friends,but I always felt lacking in energy when_44_my peers.I always had an opinion that my advances towards new_45_would be limited.And I just didn't want to_46_a rejection.

Once during my English class,my teacher shared a(n)_47_with us.It was about King Bruce and a spider.It revolved around a lost battle and talked about how King Bruce,despite losing the battle,_48_in the end.He was_49_ by a little spider.The little_50_of the spider and the way it was taking rejections impressed me a lot.I was so surprised that I myself started_51_the movements of spiders at home.Once,a spider took around an hour to reach the top of a wall and I_52_knocked it down.To my_53_,within seconds it started making its_54_up again.

For me,this_55_was a game changer.I realized that rejections are_56_a failure.The world may mistreat me,_57_I can stand up and start working again.There would be time when people would like and_58_me.At present,I_59_ mixing with people,learning new things and making new friends.I think,there are just no such_60_as rejections or failures as everything can change at any moment.

41.A.real                         B.new                       C.next                      D.only

42.A.office               B.station                         C.playground                    D.street

43.A.visiting             B.watching               C.helping                        D.joining

44.A.related to                B.compared with      C.separated from    D.turned to

45.A.friendships               B.courses                       C.teachers               D.programs

46.A.avoid                      B.suffer                    C.cause                   D.fear

47.A.story                       B.task                      C.experience                  D.song

48.A.failed               B.won                       C.left                        D.refused

49.A.confused                B.hurt                       C.persuaded            D.inspired

50.A.improvements    B.changes             C.movements                  D.advantages

51.A.adjusting                 B.observing             C.showing                D.guiding

52.A.cruelly              B.angrily                         C.luckily                   D.bravely

53.A.delight             B.surprise                C.amusement                 D.disappointment

54.A.progress                 B.way                       C.web                       D.mistake

55.A.incident            B.research               C.trouble                         D.adventure

56.A.often                B.sometimes            C.never                    D.ever

57.A.so                    B.though                  C.or                                D.but

58.A train                        B.meet                     C.appreciate            D.remember

59.A enjoy                       B.suggest                       C.imagine                D.risk

60.A.approaches    B.values                   C.things                   D.solutions

It was on her 14th birthday that her first book，In the Forest of the Night，was accepted for publication．It was a huge success gaining the attention of millions of young readers．At 16，her second novel，Demon in My View，also reached the bookstores．Several books later，the teenage author still works away in her room，surrounded by shelves full of dark tales about vampires （吸血鬼） and witches．Amelia Atwater﹣Rhodes is widely seen as America's finest teen writer and was named one of Teen People's"20Teens Who Will Change the World．"

Born in 1984，she began making up stories when she was about three years old．"I never stopped and said，‘I want to write'，"Amelia remembers．"I loved stories and created stories before I was old enough to know how to write them down．"

In her family，reading was basic and fun．"My parents encouraged me to read﹣﹣﹣﹣and to read anything I wanted，so long as I was reading，"she said．"They never restricted what I read．Later，when I started writing，they never criticized what I did or said I was‘too young'．They never said it was impossible for me to achieve what I have．"

In her short but successful career，Amelia has tried different styles．But vampires were the first characters to really come alive in her work．From them she has developed a whole world，one which she always enjoys learning more about．

As a published teen writer，Amelia's advice to other teens who dream of being authors is：just do it!"I believe anything is possible．Don't give up your dreams just because you fear failure．Getting a book published is difficult，but if I can do it，others can too．"

38．What can we learn about Amelia Atwater﹣Rhodes？　  　

A．Reading widely helped her a lot in her career．

B．She found getting a book published was easy．

C．Vampires have been the only characters in her books．

D．Her parents began to teach her to make up stories when she was 3．

39．What do we know about Amelia's parents？　  　

A．They helped her with writing stories．

B．They fully supported her．

C．They thought she was too young to read．

D．They chose what she read．

40．The underlined word"them"in Paragraph 4refers to　  　．

A．Vampires         

B．different styles

C．Teenagers       

D．characters in her novel

41．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？　  　

A．Good News for Teen Writers   

B．Is It Possible for a Teen Writer to Be Published？

C．Advice on Being Teen Writers  

D．A Top﹣selling Teen Writer Pens Vampire Tales．

Is it your dream to fly and to work in space? Do you want to be a NASA astronaut? Like many jobs, the first thing would be to fill out the application. A record-breaking 18,300 people filled out applications recently when NASA announced it was filling its 2017 Astronaut Candidate program. But out of those 18.300 applicants, just eight to 14 will be hired by the U.S. space agency.

It will take 18 months to decide who will be in the new class of astronauts. NASA will review all of the files, which will later go to its current team of astronauts, to make sure they meet the basic qualifications.

The first requirement is the applicants must be U.S. citizens. They need a college degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science, or mathematics. They also need at least three years of experience in a similar field or at least 1,000 hours as a jet airline pilot.

There are requirements to pass a physical test. And then there are personality qualities tests as well. What kinds of personalities is NASA looking for in an astronaut? NASA’s Selection Manager Anne Roemer said, “I think leadership , teamwork, the ability to not only work on a team, lead a team, but also follow, be a follower on a team. Communication certainly plays a role, so it’s some pretty common skills that I think translate into even other professions.”

About 120 applicants will be invited to the Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas, for a first round of interviews, about half of whom will go back for a second round. Once selected, they must complete two years of training in everything about spaceflight-things like learning about all the systems used by NASA, walking in space and Russian language training. Until the U.S. has a working vehicle to launch into space, NASA still depends on Russia to get astronauts into space.

21. What is the percentage of employment among the applicants?

A. About half of them                                                   B. About 8 to 14

C. About 120 applicants                                                      D. Less than 0.08 percent

22. Which do you think is the most important personality quality according to NASA’S Selection Manager?

A. Devotion                                                                  B. Team spirit

C. Communication                                                              D. Perseverance

23. Which is NOT the basic requirement the applicants have to meet?

A. A college degree in required areas.                                B. Related experience.

C. Speaking Russian fluently.                                             D. Passing physical and personality tests.

24. Which may be the best title for the passage?

A. What is takes to be an astronaut?                                  B. What an astronaut should train in?

C. NASA welcome its most applicants ever.                         D. NASA 2017 Astronaut Candidate program.

 Without our team's great effort, the art exhibition last week ____such a great success.

A. wouldn't be    B. won't be

C. wouldn't have been    D. won't have been

Cui Yutao Yuxueyuan, a popular Chinese child-training app, and baby diaper(尿布)brand Pampers recently released in Beijing a White Paper on the Sleep Quality of Chinese Babies, which is the first of its kind in China based on big data analysis through research the app hosted and a survey involving nearly 10,000 respondents.

According to the White Paper, more than 75 percent of Chinese parents have babies who do not sleep well at night, and babies aged between 6 to 12 months in particular have restless nights and wake up multiple times at night.

 It also says that less than 6 percent of parents know why their babies do not enjoy a deep sleep at night, and 23 percent of parents do not have the slightest idea of the reasons.

 Babies cuddled or nursed to sleep wake up more frequently in the middle of the night; waking up babies to nurse them or change diapers also greatly affects their sleep quality.

Data also showed that parents who do not think their babies sleep well are more likely to interrupt the babies’ sleep, according to the White Paper.

 Cui Yutao Yuxueyuan and Pampers also announced a strategic partnership and released the “Five Foolproof Tips” for Chinese parents to help their babies sleep through the night for better growth, which ask parents not to cuddle or nurse the babies to sleep, have the babies sleep in their own beds, not to pick up babies who wake up in the middle of the night immediately, and not to wake the babies up from deep sleep to feed them.

24. What is special about the White Paper?

  A. It is the first paper on the Sleep Quality of Chinese Babies with large data.

  B. It deals with the Sleep Quality of Chinese Babies with an app.

  C. It has the largest number of participants in the research.

  D. It is the first report on giving professional suggestions.

25. Which of the following statement is NOT included in the paper?

  A. Most parents do not know why their babies fail to enjoy a deep sleep at night.

  B. Nursing babies like changing diapers will affect their sleep quality seriously.

  C. Helping babies sleep through the night ensures their better growth.

  D. Babies between 6 to 12 months seem to be poorer in the quality of sleep.

26. This passage is mainly about ________.

A. a White Paper for the better sleep of Chinese babies

B. Chinese parents facing the problem of poor sleep

C. “Five Foolproof Tips” for your better sleep

  D. Cui Yutao Yuxueyuan and Pampers working together

Fay: I can’t decide 61        to ask my son to attend a university here, or allow him to move to another city to go to school.

Mark: What does he want to do?

Fay: He’s not sure. There is an excellent pre-law program (法律预科课程) at a university in Troy, but that’s three hours away. Well, he likes 62        idea of studying there, but he has friends 63     will stay here, and his girlfriend may stay here, too.

Mark: Ha, ha. I forgot 64       complicated these decisions can be! When I went to college, the only thing my parents and I took into 65           (consider) was the program.

Fay: I know! These days young people have such involved social lives! Maybe 66            would be good for him to go to the school at Troy. He really wants to study law, and his grades are excellent. I’m sure he 67             (accept) there.

Mark: That sounds like a good plan. He’ll grow up a lot 68        (fast) if he moves away, you know! And I know your son will always stay 69      touch with his parents. He’s a fine young man!

Fay: Thanks, Mark. I always appreciate 70          (talk) to you.

       阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

       Eating snacks can be a good way to stop your hunger and get the vitamins your body needs. But as teenagers you need to pay attention to what you eat. Choosing healthy snacks means shopping smartly. Be careful of the health claims on food packages. Words on the package like “all natural” or “pure” don’t always mean the food is good for you. Be careful of low-fat food claims, too. If the fat has been cut back, the amount of sugar in the food may have been increased to keep the food tasting good. Many low-fat foods have nearly as many calories as their full-fat versions. Here are some ways to make healthy snacking part of your everyday routine.

       ★ Keep plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables at home, so you can take them with you when you go out.

       ★ Satisfy your cravings with healthier foods. If you are crazy about chocolate, try a hot chocolate drink instead of a chocolate bar. If you want something salty, eat whole grain biscuits instead of potato chips. Besides, it is wise for you to replace ice-cream with yogurt.

       ★ Pay attention to the amount you eat. As with everything, moderation（适度）is the key to smart snacking.

【写作内容】

1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2. 简述摄取过多脂肪和热量的负面影响；

3. 你对“零食控”的建议。

【写作要求】

       1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

       2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

       3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】

       内容完整，语音规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

参考词汇： 肥胖   obesity

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       Like many boys in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, Juan Rodriguez Jr. loved to play baseball. He dreamed about playing professional ball like his hero, Chi Chi Flores.  36  Gradually his friends nicknamed (给……起绰号) him “Chi Chi”.

        37  At the age of seven, he drove oxen (牛) in the fields, earning a dollar a day. His father, Juan Sr., gave him another nickname “El Millonario” (the Millionaire) because his young son always looked for better ways to make money. Chi Chi soon discovered that being a caddy (球童) at the local golf course paid more than working in the fields.

       When Chi Chi wasn’t carrying bags, he learned to play golf. He changed his mind about being a baseball player.  38  Juan Sr. didn’t encourage his son’s dream. “Golf is for rich people!” he would say. Chi Chi respected his father, but he continued to play golf.

       Golf was fun, but it wasn’t a paying job.  39  Fortunately for Chi Chi, the army had a golf team and he became the best player there. After leaving the army, he got a job at a golf course and spent hours perfecting his game. His determination and skill finally enabled him to join the Professional Golf Association (PGA).

       Soon Chi Chi earned the nickname his father had given him.  40  He wanted to help those children who were poor or in trouble, so he started the Chi Chi Rodriguez Youth Foundation teaching them job and life skills.

A. At the age of 19, Chi Chi joined the army.

B. Chi Chi always loved to make people laugh.

C. But money was not enough to make Chi Chi happy.

D. Now he dreamed of becoming a professional golf player.

E. Soon Chi Chi was playing better than the men he caddied for.

F. When Chi Chi was a young boy, he worked hard to earn money.

G. “I am Chi Chi Flores!” Juan Rodriguez Jr. often shouted like that.

请阅读下面文字及图片，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

When 11­year­old Trevor begins his 7th grade, his social studies teacher Eugene gives the class an assignment to design and put into action a plan that will change the world for the better. Trevor thinks hard and comes up with a plan. Trevor's plan is a charitable program based on the networking of good deeds. Trevor does a favor for three people, asking each of them to pay the favor forward by doing favors for three other people, and so on, along a branching tree of good deeds. His first good deed is to let a homeless man named Jerry live in his garage, and Jerry pays the favor forward by doing car repairs for Trevor's mother. Trevor then selects Eugene as his next target and tricks Eugene and Arlene, Trevor's mother, divorced and single now, into a romantic dinner date. After her date with Eugene, Arlene paid Jerry's favor forward by forgiving her own mother, Grace, for her mistakes in raising Arlene, and Grace, who is homeless, helps a gang member and the gang member then saves a girl's life in a hospital, and the girl's father gives the reporter his new car…

【写作内容】

1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，同时提供理由或论据， 内容包括：

(1) 你如何看待Trevor的计划？

(2) 如果你来完成Trevor的老师布置的这项任务，你的计划是什么？

【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用本试卷中原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 把答案写在答题卡上，不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

____

____

    There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art. Washington D.C. has the National Gallery of Art; Paris has the Louvre; London, the British Museum. Florida International University (FIU) in Miami also shows art for people to see. And it does so without a building, or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.

   FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States. You don’t have to visit the University to see the art. You just need a computer linked to a telephone.

   You can call the telephone number of a University computer and connect your own computer to it. All of the art is stored in the school computer. It is computer art, produced electronically by artists in their own computers. In only a few minutes, your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.

   Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum. He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work.

   A computer artist could only record his pictures electronically and send the records, or floppy discs (软盘), to others to see on their computers. He could also put his pictures on paper. But to print good pictures in paper, the computer artist needed an expensive laser (激光) printer.

   Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mostly for art or computer students at schools and universities. Many of the pictures in the museum are made by students. Mr. Shostak says the FIU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it. He says artists will enjoy their work much more if they have an audience. And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for the electronic museum.

25．The main purpose of this text is to give information about________.

A．famous museums through the world

B．a computer art museum in Miami, U.S.A.

C．art exhibitions in Florida International University

D．latest development in computer art

26．To see the art in FIU museum, your special needs include________.

A．floppy discs

B．a computer and a printer

C．pictures and drawings on paper

D．a computer connected to the museum by telephone line

27．The museum was started when________.

A．Robert Shostak wanted to do something for computer scientists

B．Robert Shostak wanted to help computer artists

C．art students needed a place to show their works

D．computer scientists wanted to do something about art

28．The words “an audience” in the last paragraph here refer to ________.

A．art students                  B．owners of computers

C．exhibits in the museum                D．those who can appreciate art

The theory that he had stuck _______ true, which made all of us astonished.

A. to proving    B. proved

C. to proved    D. to prove

One day I was thinking of something new to read.When I asked my sister for_61_(suggest),she told me to read A Child Called "It".After reading this book,it_62_(natural) became my favorite book.It taught me a lot of necessary things in life many people don't bother to appreciate until they're_63_(miss).

This book has inspired me in many ways.It made me realize that I'm so fortunate to have a caring and loving mom.As I read the book,I_64_(notice) what the boy wanted was love from his mom,but that was impossible for him to get_65_,his mom would abuse him.This book also taught me to appreciate and be happy_66_what I have.I often cry because I'm unable to get new shoes or clothes.The child in the book was hardly surviving with the things_67_   he had.He hardly had enough clothes over_68_(he) body to keep him from freezing and he didn't even have shoes.

Until this day,A Child Called "It"_69_(be) still my favorite book._70_(inspire) by this book,I'm sure to become a better person.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

          2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

 It doesn't matter to fail as long as you don't give up. To my opinion, it is hard to be successful. Challenges were a necessary part of your life as you grow up. And you won't necessary succeed in everything for the first time you try. That's okay. Some of the most successful people in the world are the one who've had the most failure. J．K. Rowling, who wrote Harry Potter, had her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published. Michael Jordan was removed his high school basketball team. He lost hundreds of games and miss thousands of shots during his career. But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that's because I succeed.”

Modern Europeans came from three major groups of ancient humans, not two as was thought before, according to a study published on Wednesday.

Until now, it was widely believed that Europeans evolved (进化) from two prehistoric groups. One was early farmers who moved into Europe from the Middle East about 7,500 years ago. The other was local hunter-gatherers who had lived in Europe for more than 40,000 years.

But a new study in the journal Nature says there was a third group in the mix: people from northern Eurasia. They lived in today’s Russia and northern Asia. The finding means that northern Eurasians contributed to the human genes (基因) both in Europe and North America.

Their influence on the Americas has been proved by previous studies which showed that they reached modern-day Alaska in the US more than 15,000 years ago. They crossed an “ice bridge” that connected islands in the Bering Strait, a narrow passage of water between Asia and North America, at the time.

Researchers collected genetic information in nine ancient humans’ bones. The remains were found in Sweden, Luxembourg and Germany. They were one farmer from about 7,000 years ago and eight hunter-gatherers who lived about 8,000 years ago, before the coming of agriculture.

The researchers compared the information with the gene pool of 2,345 present-day people living all over the world. They found almost all Europeans have ancestry from all three of those ancient groups.

The ancient northern Eurasians contributed up to 20% of the genetics of Europeans, although this was the smallest percentage among the three ancestral groups.

People in northern Europe, especially the Baltic states, have the highest percentage of western European hunter-gatherer ancestry. Up to 50% of the DNA of Lithuanians of northeast Europe comes from this group.

Southern Europeans had more of their genetic ancestry from the ancient farmers. Up to 90% of the DNA of Sardinians of Italy can be traced back to (追溯到) these early European immigrants.

Looking ahead, the researchers plan to find out when the ancient northern Eurasians arrived in Europe.

13. Ancient people from northern Eurasia _____.

A. brought agriculture into Europe                      B. reached Europe about 7,000 years ago

C. were hunter-gatherers in northern Asia           D. were also ancestors of modern Europeans

14. When did northern Eurasians arrive in America?

A. About 7,500 years ago.                                 B. About 8,000 years ago.

C. More than 15,000 years ago.                         D. More than 40,000 years ago.

15. How did the researchers conduct the study?

A. By analysing genes.                                      B. By visiting ancient sites.

C. By doing medical experiments.                       D. By comparing studies in different periods.

16. What do “these early European immigrants” refer to?

A. Hunter-gatherers in western Europe.                     B. Hunter-gatherers in northern Europe.

C. Ancient farmers from the Middle East.            D. Ancient farmers from northern Eurasia.

On the day of college graduation, I told my friends and family the news:I was leaving the country I had lived in since childhood. “I just need a change,”I told them, but there was more. I was running from heartbreak. My relationship with the United States is the toughest one I have ever had, as a country I loved and believed in did not love me back.

Back in the 90’s, my mother brought me from our home in the Caribbean islands to the U.S.when I was 4 years old. She worked as a live-in nanny(保姆)for two years, playing mommy for white kids whose parents had better things to do. She didn’t believe that nanny meant maid, and did whatever was asked of her. She was thirsty to embrace her American dream, hoping that her children would be educated and she might have nannies of her own.

Those were our path to get a “good education.”When the neighborhoods with quality schools became too expensive for my mom to afford as a single parent, we went across the United States with Great Schools. net as our compass: New Jersey, elementary school; Texas, middle school; Florida, high school; New York City, private university

For a long time I survived by covering myself in all kinds of labels so that people would ignore the color of my skin, yet I existed on the edge of ugly, ignorant and uncultured. “Black people don’t really know how to swim, “a white lady told me when I worked as a swim instructor at my neighborhood’s pool. “The black children don’t like to read very much, “I overheard one librarian discussing with another while l sat down reading a book a couple feet away.

I was never able to make America my home. When I stripped myself of the labels painfully one by one, beneath them there is a wounded colored woman who refuses to be faceless anymore. My face may be disgusting to some since it bears proof that race continues to be a problem. My hope is that it will force Americans to re-examine their “post-racial” beliefs.

4. What was the real reason that made the author leave the United States?

A. It couldn’t provide her with good education.

B. She just needed a challenge in her way of life.

C. The way she was treated there broke her heart.

D. She was tired of living in a strange country.

5. What can we infer about the author’s mother from Paragraphs 2 and 3 ?

A. She sacrificed a lot to live a better life in America.

B. She was quite content to work as a live-in nanny.

C. She was particular about the schools her daughter attended.

D. She liked visiting all kinds of schools with the author.

6. The author gives two examples in Paragraph 4 to show that_____ .

A. how ignorant and uncultured many people are in US

B. she needed to cover herself in all kinds of labels

C. the race problem is still serious in the United States

D. black children often have no interest in reading books

7. The author’s attitude towards the United States on race problem is_____ .

A. supportive

B. positive

C. neutral

D. negative