To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in ㊣2012

  A. being conducted        B. conducting   C. conducted    D. having conducted  

The Meaning of Dreams

Sleep and dreams have interested people for centuries. Scientists are learning more about sleep, but they still know very little about why we dream.

   51    First, we have most of our dreams during REM(rapid eye movement)sleep. At this time, the brain is very active. Second, everyone dreams, even if we can't remember doing so when we awaken.    52    While we are sleep, it works more slowly and sometimes puts our thoughts and memories together in strange ways.

   53  . Some believe that our dreams are associated with thoughts and feelings that we experience while we are awake. Many dream researchers think that a dream about death, for example, is really about an important life change.    54   . Dreams about a car or travel often represent feelings about your own life. Dreams about teeth—especially broken or loose ones—may indicate stress or fear. Dreams in which you are flying often represent freedom or escape.

Researchers think people in our dreams can tell us something about ourselves. If the person in the dream was yelling, for example, maybe you are angry.    55   .

There is still a lot about dreaming that we do not understand. By learning more about our dreams, we may learn more about ourselves.

A. Dreams may be more important than sleep.

B. Scientists do not know for certain why we dream.

C. If he or she was scared then maybe you are afraid of something.

D. Modern research can tell us some important things about dreams.

E. There are three things you should pay attention to to have a sweet dream.

F. Finally, a part of our brain helps us to understand daily experience we have.

G. Dreams about telephones are thought to be about giving or receiving messages.

When I was young, I was told by my parents that I ____play near rivers.
  A mustn't       B needn't     C   wouldn't      D  daren't

   After graduating from college, Tom and Bob joined a company together. Both worked very hard. Several years later, the boss promoted Bob to manager, but Tom remained as  61  ordinary worker. Tom couldn’t take it. He handed his resignation to the boss,   62   (complain) that the boss didn’t value hardworking workers, but only promoted those pleasing guys.

The boss knew Tom worked very hard these years. So he said, “Thank you,   63    I have a request. I hope you’ll do one more thing for our company   64    you leave. Perhaps you’ll change your mind.”

Tom agreed. The boss asked him to go and find anyone selling watermelon in the market. Tom went and returned soon, and said he had found    65   . The boss asked how much per kg? Tom    66    (shake) his head, went back to the market and returned to inform the boss $1.2 per kg.

The boss told Tom to wait a second. He called Bob to come to his office and asked Bob to do the same. Bob went, returned and said   67  (gentle), “Boss, only one person is selling watermelon. $1.2 per kg, and $10   68   10 kg. He has 320 melons in all, 58 of   69   are on the table. Fresh and red, each weighs about 2 kg. ”

Tom was very impressed and realized the difference between himself and Bob. He decided to stay  70  (learn )from Bob.

 As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area __________.

   A. need repairing                           B. needs to repair   

   C. needs repairing                  D. need to repair

On keeping a Diary in English

     Keeping a diary in English is one of the 61___   __ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.

62______ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 63______ time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. 64______ we persist in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 65____  __（difficult）. In the first place, 66______ often happens that we have trouble 67_________(find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.

     As far as I 68____  __ (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is 69______ great use to keep a diary in English for 70______ development of our writing skills.

The king was to pass by a beggar’s small poor house and the man was excited, not because he was about to see the king but because the king was known to part with expensive jewels and huge sums of money when moved by sympathy.
    He saw the king’s carriage just when a kind man was filling his begging bowl with uncooked rice. Pushing the man aside, he ran into the street, shouting praises of the king and the royal family.
     The carriage stopped and the king beckoned to the beggar.
      “Who are you?” he asked. “One of the most unfortunate of your people,” said the beggar. “Poverty sits on my doorstep and follows me about like a dog. I haven’t eaten since yesterday afternoon!” “Have you nothing for your king except great sorrow?” said the ruler, putting out his hand. “Give me something.” The beggar, astonished, carefully picked up 5 grains of rice from his bowl and laid them on the king’s outstretched palm. The king drove away. The beggar’s disappointment was great. He complained and cursed the king again and again for his miserliness.
     When he returned home in the evening he found a bag of rice on the floor. “Some generous soul has been here,” he thought and took out a handful of rice from the bag. To his astonishment, there was a small piece of gold in it. He realized then that the bag had been sent by the king. He emptied the rice on the floor, feeling sure there would be more gold pieces in it, and he was right. He found 5, one for each grain of rice he had given the king.
       “It is not the king who has been miserly,” thought the man, sadly. “If I had been generous and given him the whole bowl of rice, I would have been a rich man today.”

21. From the passage, we know that the king___________.

A. was a kind man.                                B. was arrogant.  

C. was a miserly man.                        D. was very young.

22. Why did the king ask the beggar for something according to the text?

A. Because he was poor than the beggar. 

B. Because he wanted to make the beggar even poorer.

C. Because he had nothing to eat.

D. Because he wanted to give something to the beggar in return.

23. The real reason why the beggar got only five gold pieces is that________.

A. he complained and cursed the king again and again

B. the king was only generous to rich people

C. the king wanted to punish him severely

D. he himself was miserly  

 Susan was determined to work hard at her lessons this term to        the expectations of her parents.

         A. live up to             B. come up to    C. get down to          D. look forward to

 ---Those senior citizens cheated should have been warned of illegal fund-raising.

---       . But few could resist the temptation.

A. They were    B. They should

C. They must    D. They did

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

     增加：把缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

     删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

     修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

     注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

           2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

A woman was taken to the hospital. While having an operation, she had a nearly death 

experience. See God, she asked whether this was it. God said,“No, you had another 40 years.” 

On recovery the women decided to have a plastic surgery. She had someone change her hair 

color, thinking since she had so many time to live, she’d better make full use from it. Finally

she got out of the hospital. While crossing the street, she killed by an ambulance speeded by.

Arriving in the front of God, she demanded,“They said I had another 40 years!” God replied,

 “But I didn’t recognize you.”

You did not let me drive. If we ____ (drive) in turn, you ____ (not get) so tired

 I have a neighbor we call “Happy”. I have never seen her angry at anything and never heard her say a harsh (苛刻) word to anyone or about anyone.
    Happy and her husband Ben, 70, have a huge garden. They spent many happy hours together working on it. Most of the neighbors watched interestingly as Ben doubled the size of their garden. As the cost of food climbed faster than Ben’s beans, we all wished we also had such a large garden. As the rest of us spent our dollars at the market, Happy could be seen picking beans in her back yard.
    Last month, Happy and Ben invited most of the neighborhood over for an “all-day food fest”. We were told to bring gloves and arrive very early in the morning. We didn’t know what was about to take place. 
    By 9:00 am, there were nine of us in the garden picking tomatoes, beans, okra, and squash. By 10:00 am, there was lots of laughter. We shared a lot of stories. By five o’clock, everyone was a little drunk from the wine and beer. After dinner, we played games. As we were leaving, Happy and Ben handed each of us a shopping bag filled with the bounty（收成）of the day, already packaged and frozen. What a delightful gift!
    Well, the point wasn’t so much about the food. The true gift was a day of friends enjoying one another’s company. None of it would have happened if it had been for Happy and Ben’s garden. Now they have a blog about gardening in case we decided to plant a garden. And I am so proud of my tomato plants!
9. We can infer that Happy and her husband Ben_______.
  A. don’t like spending time with others   
  B. sometimes quarrel with each other
  C. sold the food they grow in their garden  
  D. are a generous and warm-hearted couple
10. For what purpose did Happy and Ben invite the neighbors to their garden?
  A. To ask them to attend a birthday party
  B. To help them get to know each other.
  C. To let them enjoy what they grew in the garden.
  D. To ask them to share some interesting stories.
11. What did the writer most probably think of the time he spent in the garden?
  A. It was too long       B. It was wonderful.
  C. It was not as good as he thought.   D. It was too terrible.
                             

Last September, the public library at Saint-Omer near Calais in France was preparing an exhibit on English literature. While going through the library’s collections, Rémy Cordonnier came across a copy of Shakespeare’s plays, listed in their records as a reprint from the 18th century. It was missing close to 30 pages, including the title page.

       This is the first and most comprehensive collection of Shakespeare’s plays. As we know, Shakespeare became popular only much after his death in 1616 and his original manuscripts (手稿) never survived. About 20 of his works are available to us today only because of the efforts of John Heminge and Henry

       This was the first time a folio edition was used only for plays in England. Earlier folios were just used for influential works such as encyclopedias (百科全书) and reference books. Plays were frivolous, since they were considered “entertainment”. The original edition consisted of 750-800 copies, of which only a quarter are available today. When published, they were only sold for around 15 shillings to a pound (20 shillings) each. It was thought that the books were originally brought out for use by theatre groups.

       Evidence suggests that some copies available today were compiled (汇编) in the mid-19th century by owners who only then began to realize their importance. Several books are known to have been lost.  The British Library owns 4 copies. In the early 20th century, Henry Folger, President of Standard Oil, collected the largest number of 82 folios.

       The First Folio at Saint-Omer is believed to be the 233rd discovery and could be worth between $6-7 million. Meanwhile, Saint-Omer has made plans to digitize the book and make it available online. The original will be locked up in their safe along with other rare books in their library.

9. Last September, Rémy Cordonnier _____.

A. read a copy of Shakespeare’s plays         B. attended an exhibit at Saint-Omer

C. made an important discovery                  D. studied English literature

10. What can we learn about Shakespeare’s earliest folios?

A. Most of them can be found in the British Library.

B. Most of them were brought out for encyclopedias.

C. They were published at the request of Shakespeare.

D. Their importance was not recognized when first published.

11. The underlined word “frivolous” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_____”.

A. unusual                     B. unimportant            C. uninteresting              D. unpleasant

12. The author’s purpose in writing the text is to _____.

A. ask people to visit the public library at Saint-Omer  B. introduce a new-found folio by Shakespeare

C. show the importance of the First Folio                  D. sing the praises of Shakespeare

Generally, the skills and attitudes you form as a student will be especially important to your development. The following tips can help you become an active student.

Don’t be satisfied with yourself. ___16___ Leave no room for the average of the ordinary. If you can do good things, try hard to become better. If you have become better, try to become the best.

Give yourself new challenges. ___17___ Any new things will give you the chance to understand yourself better. You should try anything. What you learn from these activities can be useful in the future.

___18___ One reason why a student is not active may be that he has a defeated(挫败的) attitude. As much as possible, you should face each challenge with the willingness to succeed.

Think over your mistakes, if there are any. Being active doesn’t mean you will always be successful. ___19___ However, they will never succeed if they don’t realize the meaning of failure.

Keep a to-do list. This can serve as a reminder when a student becomes lazy. ___20___

A. To achieve this, you have to desire to become excellent.

B. Have strong faith that you will succeed.

C. Try to take an active part in group discussions.

D. Don’t be afraid to attend activities you wouldn’t normally do.

E. There are students who would give up the moment they fail.

F. You can’t be active if you don’t know what is going on.

G. It can keep you on the right track and help you organize your tasks for the day.

Trust has been regarded as the basis of any relationship, including friendship. No relationship can last long with a lack of trust. Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe.   36   Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust someone. However, how do we know if our friends have faith in us?

   37   With whom will you share things that you don’t want everyone to know? It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. While a few of your friend may be fiercely protective of their privacy and may not tell their secrets to anyone, those who do, surely find you trustworthy and reliable.

Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most? It has to be either your parents or your friends.   38   This is a shining example of trust. You only seek advice from people you hold in high regard and find dependable. The friends who trust you will never forget to include you in the important decisions of their life.

Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship, and this is also true for friendship.   39   While some people find it difficult to forgive and forget, your friends will never have problems moving on. It is because they trust you and believe that you will never cause any pain to them on purpose.

There are times in life when you find yourself a lonely soldier.   40   Your friends will never let you down and will strongly stand for you when you need encouragement. You can determine that they trust you and believe in your beliefs, if they side with you when you need them the most.

A. If your friends share their secrets, there’s a good possibility that they have much

faith in you.

B. People can be extraordinarily jealous sometimes.

C. Two people cannot have identical reaction to a situation and different opinions do exist.

D. In fact, winning trust is, by far, the most challenging aspect of relationships.

E. No matter how close you are to your friend, you cannot take that comfort level for granted.

F. However, people who are fortunate to have been blessed with true friends are never alone in any battle.

G. You know they will never pass on a wrong suggestion.

The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place

Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.
    Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
    On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
    The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrient. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
    Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.

69. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that ________. 
A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential
B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products
C. so-called diet products are misleading people
D. people are fed up with various diet products
70. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _____. 
A. try out a variety of diet foods
B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods
C. pay attention to their own eating habits
D. watch their weight rather than their diet
71. In paragraph 3, “gains come without pains” probably means______.
A. losing weight is effortless
B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no pain
D. diet products are free from calories

72. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage

CP: Central Point      P: Point       Sp: Sub-point(次要点)   C: Conclusion

The boy didn’t say anything,        , of course, made his parents very angry.

   A. that                 B. which            C. it              D. what

How to improve your vocabulary

 Vocabulary is a key part of learning a new language.   36    Maybe you can’t learn a hundred new words a day, but you can learn one or two a day, totaling thousands of new words over the years. Here are some tips for building up your vocabulary.

Make a plan to learn new words. If you want to improve your vocabulary more quickly, you have to make at least a small promise.     37       

Make you vocabulary practical.  38  For example, learn more of your trade language---- the words that are commonly used in your business or hobby or vocation(职业). Find better, fresher, clearer words to express what your friends are talking about.

 39   As you read, if you come across a new word that you don’t understand. Don’t miss it. Take the time to look it up in a dictionary. Write it down and use it later.

When you learn a word, use it immediately and frequently. Put your new word into conversation with as many different people as you can.   40   Use it in sentences. Write it on a card and practice it while waiting for red lights.

A. Start learning where you are.

B. They’re highly reusable.

C. Repeat it to yourself.

D. When you’re writing something, use a dictionary frequently.

E. Decide to learn one new word every day or two.

F. Start by learning the words that can express what’s most important to you.

G. The more you read, the more words you’ll see, and the more you’ll understand.

A new study says electronic toys are not helping babies learn.

"Even if companies are marketing them as educational, they're not teaching the babies anything at this time," said Anna Sosa the study's author.

Researchers listened to audio(声音的)recordings of parents playing with their babies aged 10 months to 16 months. The researchers compared the experiences when the children played with electronic toys, traditional toys such as blocks, or when the children looked at books. What they found is that parents talked less with their babies when the babies played with electronic toys.

Why is this important? Research shows that how quickly children develop language is often based on what they hear from parents. When the infants played with electronic toys, parents said little to their children. But with traditional toys, such as blocks, parents shared the names and descriptions of the animals, colors and shapes as their children played. There was even more information given by parents as their babies looked at the pictures in books.

Of course, there is no need for parents to throw out electronic toys, but they should look at their infants’ play with such toys as entertainment, not a learning experience.

Toy Industry Association spokeswoman Adrienne Appell responded to the study. She said it is important that parents make time to play with their children. "Playing is a way that kids can learn so much, not only cognitive(认知的) skills, but social and developmental skills," she said. She added that play should be balanced, including time for just "make believe" activities, as well as traditional and electronic toys.

21. What’s Anna Sosa’s attitude towards companies claiming that their toys are educational?

A. supportive               B. indifferent     C. uninterested      D. doubtful  

22. We can learn from the text that babies in the research __________.

A. liked traditional toys better than electronic toys

B. interact less with their parents when playing with electronic toys

C. talked little with their parents when playing with electronic toys

D. listened to audio recordings of their parents

23. Children develop language more quickly when their parents __________.

A. read them picture books often                  B. teach them how to speak

C. buy them a lot of toys                                    D. throw away their electronic toys

24. According to Adrienne Appell, playing __________.

A. can’t take the place of learning

B. shouldn’t take most of children’s time

C. is good to children’s overall development

D. can’t develop children’s cognitive skills

   Britons may like to complain a lot, but they rarely do so right now, explains BBC writer Ruth Margolis. They would rather grumble (发牢骚) afterward. This is because Britons hate to put someone out and cause any embarrassment. Margolis writes, “For instance, I’m much more comfortable just leaving that piece of raw chicken on my plate instead of complaining to restaurant staff. But beware: if this kind of thing happens when you’re dining with an American, they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this ashamed.”

    In a BBC blog post comparing cultural differences between the UK and the US, Margolis mentions a few other things that Americans like to do that are offensive to Britons.

    ● Not making introductions

    Margolis says most Britons dislike this approach because “talking to strangers without being introduced gives them a stomachache”. Americans rarely introduce a new friend to their friends at parties. Strangers are supposed to introduce themselves.

    ● “Quite” good

    Using “quite” to mean “very” happens a lot in the US. But if you are invited to a dinner party in Britain, don't describe the meal as “quite good” if you want to express high praise. To Britons’ ears, “quite” detracts from the “good”: the meal was OK but could have been better.

    ● Money Talk

    Americans can talk about money subjects for hours without feeling uncomfortable. For Britons, says Margolis, “Talking about how much we make is unthinkable — even 1ess so than discussing our feelings.”

    ● Over-politeness

    “It’s not that I want shop assistants to be actively rude. But neither do I want to expend energy responding to someone who's been paid to ask: ‘How are you today?’” says Margolis. In the US, it is not unusual to be greeted by a perfect stranger as “honey” or “sweetie”. But Margolis says Britons find put-on friendliness, especially in stores, deeply irritating.

24. Margolis’ dining experience in Paragraph 1 shows that_______.

   A. Britons are particular about foods             

   B. Britons are not good at complaining

   C. Americans usually complain directly

   D. Americans complain more than Britons

25. Which of the following might Margolis agree with?

   A. Britons enjoy talking about their feelings.  

   B. Americans introduce themselves at parties.

   C. Americans dislike talking to strangers at parties.

   D. Britons feel happy if treated like close friends.

26. The underlined phrase “detracts from” in the text probably means ____.

   A. differs greatly from           B. increases the quality of

   C. reduces the strength of     D. draws attention away from 

27. What does the text mainly talk about?

   A. How to get on well with westerners.  

   B. How to start conversations with Britons.

   C. Ruth Margolis’ tips on public behavior.     

   D. Some American habits that annoy Britons.