近些年来，随着网络的普及，越来越多的学生的书写能力明显退步了。为了变这种局面，保护民族文化 ------ 汉字，我校学生会提出以下倡议：

1、 减少课外上网时间，多读书；

2、 养成每天记日记的好习惯，练习书写；
3、 少发电子邮件，尽量动手给亲朋好友写书信。
请你根据以上内容，代学生会写一封英文倡议书。
注意：

1、词数：100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years.   36   Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

    There are three main types of cryptography.   37   For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

      38   You might represent each letter with a number, for example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13520135.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.   39   For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”   40   However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

When using fireworks, it is essential that you use them in a safe and secure manner. In the following paragraphs, we will throw some light on the safety measures that you should adopt when using fireworks.

    When shopping for fireworks, it is crucial that you ask shop owners if they are selling products that are safe and meet the safety criteria set by your community. Additionally, it is a good idea to check the business license of the individual that you are buying fireworks from. It has often been seen that in many regions, people have set up firework shops and sold home-made fireworks. Most of these products are forbidden by law and are very dangerous for your health.

    Read the labels(标签) carefully and adhere to directions. All fireworks should carry a caution label talking about necessary security measures. Before lighting the fireworks, it is important that you read each of the labels on the package. You should also avoid lighting multiple fireworks at one time. Make sure that the spectators are at a significant distance away before lighting the fireworks. Never throw these fireworks at any person. Doing this might cause serious damage to vital organs.

    Additionally, it is important to have a fire extinguisher (灭火器) nearby to prevent any minor accidents from getting destroying . Seeing that it’s important that you light the fireworks in a place that is away from the population, it is necessary to have a first-aid kit close by. Bringing a cellphone along with you is also recommended. Only adults can light and handle fireworks. Designate (指定) an area for children to sit and enjoy the fireworks.

    It is necessary to ensure that the fireworks you are buying are allowed in your locality. Several types of fireworks are illegal because they have brought on serious injuries, destruction, and in many cases death in the past. It is dangerous to use this kind of fireworks which could result in serious injury.

27. This passage intends to tell readers________.

  A. some ways to set off fireworks

  B. how to prevent the fire caused by fireworks

  C. some safety measures of playing with fireworks

  D. how to prevent children from playing fireworks.

28. Checking the business license of shop owners aims to______.

  A. avoid buying illegal fireworks.

  B. judge whether they are terrorists

  C. tell if fireworks are sold at a very high price

  D. know the materials used to make fireworks

29. The underline part “adhere to” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “____”.

  A. add to      B. stick to     C. watch over      D. choose from

30. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
  A. Fireworks are too dangerous to play with

  B. There are many types of illegal fireworks on sale

  C. You should take a phone when setting off fireworks

  D. Lighting fireworks in a proper place is the most important

Recently a new research has been reported. It said that many fathers of children experienced lots of injuries per year while playing with __56_____(they) children. Some fathers felt that it was the most dangerous thing of being a parent walking across the floor__57____(cover) by toys. And some of them fell over because of clothes or other things that ___58_____(throw) everywhere. Besides, a third of fathers were knocked down ___59_____their young children when fighting with them and a quarter got hurt when playing football or climbing trees with them. In fact, young fathers one in five picked up an injury when doing something that wasn’t ___60_____(suit) for them.

    The research also found that some of the fathers who were ___61___(serious) injured had to take time off work. __62____, not all of them had medical insurances in place___63_____(prevent) the case that they were too ill to work. And they were more likely to face a situation____64____ their mobile phones and holiday bookings declined sharply during illness. So the fathers took much ___65____(press) from both family and the work.

 The reason _________ he gave for his being away for such a long time is _________ his mother was ill. 

  A. why; that     B. that; that   C. that; because     D. why; because

The valley known as Sleepy Hollow hides from the world in the high hills of New York state. There are many stories told about the quiet valley. But the story that people believe most is about a man who rides a horse at night. The story says the man died many years ago during the American Revolutionary War. His head was shot off. Every night he rises from his burial place, jumps on his horse and rides through the valley looking for his lost head.

Near Sleepy Hollow is a village called Tarry Town. It was settled many years ago by people from Holland. The village had a small school. And one teacher, named Ichabod Crane. Ichabod Crane was a good name for him, because he looked like a tall bird, a crane. He was tall and thin like a crane. His shoulders were small, joined two long arms. His head was small, too, and flat on top. He had big ears, large glassy green eyes and a long nose.

Ichabod did not make much money as a teacher. And although he was tall and thin, he ate like a fat man. To help him pay for his food he earned extra money teaching young people to sing. Every Sunday after church Ichabod taught singing.

Among the ladies Ichabod taught was one Katrina Van Tassel. She was the only daughter of a rich Dutch farmer. She was a girl in bloom…much like a round red, rosy apple. Ichabod had a soft and foolish heart for the ladies, and soon found himself interested in Miss Van Tassel.

Ichabod's eyes opened wide when he saw the riches of Katrina's farm: the miles of apple trees and wheat fields, and hundreds of fat farm animals. He saw himself as master of the Van Tassel farm with Katrina as his wife.

But there were many problems blocking the road to Katrina's heart. One was a strong young man named Brom Van Brunt. Brom was a hero to all the young ladies. His shoulders were big. His back was wide. And his hair was short and curly. He always won the horse races in Tarry Town and earned many prizes. Brom was never seen without a horse.

Such was the enemy Ichabod had to defeat for Katrina's heart.

59. The first paragraph serves as_______.

A. example                B. explanation            C. introduction           D. comment

60. How could Ichahod afford his food?

A. He had a high salary      B. His parents and friends helped him

C. He saved a lot                  D. He earned extra money teaching young people to sing.

61. According to the story, which of the following statements is true?

A. Ichahod was the master of the Van Tassel farm.

B. Ichahod was Katrina’s husband.

C. Ichahod tried to win Katrina’s heart.

D. Brom Van Brunt treated Ichahod as his enemy.

62. What will probably happen next according to the story?

A. Ichahod lost heart and was reduced to a drunkard(酒鬼).

B. Ichahod tried every means and finally won Katrina’s heart.

C. Ichahod finally won a lot of women’s love and gave up Katrina.

D. Brom Van Brunt won Katrina’s heart and hereafter married Katrina.

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classic experiment, people were shown a vertical line and asked to find a line of identical (完全相同的) length from a selection of three.

 You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed (受影响) by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up, where two of the people were confederates (同伙) of the experimenter. When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers, people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least one wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

But why do people conform in this way?  In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing (普遍的) opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform because they lose confidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street? It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone. When other people are also around, a diffusion (分散) of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman’s assistance.

29.     In Paragraph 1, the underlined word "conform" probably means“            ”.
A. seek independence                                 B. disobey orders
C. seek pleasure                                        D. follow what others do

30.     What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?
A. To explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others.
B. To prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others.
C. To train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded.
D. To describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

31.     According to the author, why wouldn’t one help the woman attacked in the street?
A. He thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand.
B. He thinks he has nothing to do with it.
C. He is too shy to give his helping hand.          
D. He thinks someone else will offer assistance.

32.     What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?               
A. Giving examples.                                   B. Cause-effect analysis.
C. Comparative analysis.                            D. Process analysis.

 They finished their work earlier than ______.

A. expected         B. expecting        C. to be expected   D. being expected

   I was at the Indian grocery store with my cart totally full to check out. There was an African American man in his   61  (sixty) behind me. I told him he could go before me   62 he had just two items in his hand, and he was all smiles and added, as if  63  (tease)me, “Thanks! Why don’t you pay for my stuff too,” and laughed. I felt a little  64  (embarrass) and thought that the man had a wonderful sense of humor.

   I told the lady at the check out not  65  (change)him. I said I would pay for him. He said, “No, no, no, I was just kidding.” And I  66  (reply) with a smile, “Yes, yes your wish is heard. Please let me do it!”

   As we talked outside, he told me that the Indian herbs(草药)  67  he had bought  68  (be)for his friend so I should take the money. I said to him, “It is good that it is not for you. Now you can pay it forward to somebody else.” He thanked me and promised he would.

   69 (eventual), I went home  70  my car full of groceries and my heart full of warmth and kindness.

Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying.   16   However, most deaths result from panic, without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water. By adopting a brace (支撑) position, acting decisively and getting out fast, you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle.

Brace yourself for impact (撞击力). As soon as you're aware that you're going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle, so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the "ten and two" position.

Undo your seatbelt.   17   Untie the children, starting with the oldest first. Forget the cell phone call. Your car isn't going to wait for you to make the call.

  18   Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window. A car's electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water, so try the method of opening it electronically first. Many people don't think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking.

Break the window. If you aren't able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, you'll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counter-intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car.  19   

Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival.   20   While there is still air in the car, take slow, deep breaths and focus on what you're doing.

A. Open the window as soon as you hit the water.

B. Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think.

C. It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually.

D. Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning.

E. In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you will be safe.

F. This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic.

G. But the sooner the window is open, the sooner you can escape directly through it.

Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station(加油站)about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
    I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend's. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.
    I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
    Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery(电池)was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership - a shop selling cars - was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
    "Just how friendly is Friendly Ford?" I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment, so when I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said.
    "Thank you" - two powerful words. They're easy to say and mean so much.
1. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City_________.
A. to visit a friend                 B. to see his parents
C. to pay at the cash register         D. to have more gas for his car
2. The words “took off” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean “______”.
A. turned off    B. moved off    C. put up    D. set up
3. What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car?
A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.      B. The couple sent him a business card.
C. The couple offered to help him.            D. He called his friend for help.
4. The battery of the author’s car was dead because_______.
A. something went wrong with the lights         B. the meeting lasted a whole day
C. he forgot to turn off the lights                D. he drove too long a distance
5. By telling his own experiences, the author tries to show______.
A. how to write a thank-you letter        B. how to deal with car problems
C. the kind-heartedness of older people    D. the importance of expressing thanks

As people get old, they may have to give up love for their favorite food.   61   (hope), now the European Union project,  62  (consist) of 550 scientists and experts, is developing 3D-printed “smoothfood”. The idea aims to replace regular meals with softer and  63  (nutritious) ones for those who have difficulty in chewing or digesting, which helps to handle one of the root  64  (cause) of poor nutrition in the elderly. A special 3D food printer can break up such common foods  65  chicken, carrots and fruits into a smooth form and have them  66  (print) into their original appearance. The technique is built on the basis of food products made by the German company Biozoon, which does a similar thing but uses silicon moulds to shape the food instead  67  printing it. So it has the advantage  68  new shapes could be produced daily simply by downloading the relevant programs, rather than having to endlessly change a  69  (collect) of moulds. Until now, however, 3D-printed food  70  (limit) to a few common products like chocolate, cakes, pizzas, steaks, etc.

We are forgetful. With time going by, our brains seem to be slowing down—and that can be a very unpleasant thing.     36     Read on for some techniques worth trying.

1.     37   

People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. _   38    Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.

2. Go for a walk.

Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.   39   

3. Learn something new.

Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time.     40   . Or you can go dancing with your friends.

A. Focus on the future.      

B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.

C. It should be something like learning gardening.

D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

E. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.

F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.

G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.

Once upon a time, on the outskirts (郊外) of a town in England lies a nice cottage with a large garden where there lives an old man. The old man is   21_  pruning (修剪), watering or fertilizing his flowers all the time. The   22_  where bees and butterflies dance and colorful flowers blossom all year round is so well-tended that every passer-by cannot but stop for a   23  .

    One day a young painter   24  the old man’s garden. He stopped and   25  the splendid garden and the special cottage totally lost in the  26  at the beauty of these sceneries,  27  how happy he could be   28   he lived in such a beautiful place. Then, suddenly he found the old gardener was   29  .

    Greatly shocked, the young painter    30   that old man, asking “why are you busy tending these flowers every day   31   you can not see?” The blind gardener smiled, “I can tell you four reasons. First, I was a gardener when I was young, and I’m really   32   this job. Second, although I can’t see these flowers, I can   33   them. Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. And for the last one, that’s you.”

    “Me?   34   you don’t know me.” responded the painter.

    “Yeah. But I know flowers are angels which everyone knows and would never turn them down. I know many people who are   35   in life would stop by and the beauty of my garden will get them into a good   36  . In the meantime, it also gives a   37   to me to have a word with you here and to enjoy the   38   these flowers have brought us.”

    The blind man grows flowers in his heart. He can’t see the beauty he’s created.   39  , every flower has eyes   40   which they can see the kindness of the old man’s heart and the sweetness of his soul.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错误的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

      2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    Wechat is becoming increasing popular with people. Recently I have made a survey among my classmates about the use of Wechat. According to a result, 45% of the classmates admit they often use it because comparing with other means of communication, Wechat has more advantage. It was cheap, convenient and easy to send all kinds of messages around. Besides, 35% of they are against using it, saying it will affect their study. Not using Wechat, the rest has no opinion about it. As far as I'm concerned, since Wechat offers us great convenience, it should be made good use. We should not be slaves to it or let it to govern our minds and behaviors.

 The information we received is of a highly _______ nature and relates to national security.

A. portable             B. modest           C. confidential         D. extreme

—    What seems to be the problem?

—         36    

—    How long have you been like this?

—    Since Saturday night.

—    ____ 37    

—    Yes, I also feel lighthearted.

—    Can you think of anything you ate Saturday that might have caused it?

—    All I can think of is the fish I had. It didn’t taste quite right.

—    ____ 38      Now I’ll give you some medicine. Take it and you should be feeling better soon.

—    ____ 39      

—    I also suggest that you follow a special diet.

—    ____ 40      

—    You should stick to eating lighter foods.

A.     What’s that?

B.     That might be it.

C.     Thank you, doctor.

D.    Any other problems?

E.     I have a running nose.

F.      Have you seen a doctor?

G.    I have a terrible stomachache.

学校的各个学生社团 (associations) 正在纳新。面对众多的选择，你的朋友王林没了主意，写信向你求助。假如你是李越，你认为可以考虑参加篮球协会(the Basketball Association)或者英语俱乐部(the English Club)。请你用英语给王林写一封100词左右的信，推荐这两个社团，并分别说明推荐理由。

注意：信的开头和结尾已给出（不计入词数）。

Dear Wang Lin,

                                                                          Yours sincerely,

                                                                             Li Yue

More and more students want to study in “hot” majors．As a 36 , many students want to 37 their interests and study in these 38such as foreign languages, international business and law, etc．Fewer and fewer students choose scientific majors,39   maths, physics and biology, and art 40 , like history, Chinese and philosophy．

41 students can study in these “hot” majors, because the 42 of these “hot” majors is limited． If 43 has no interest in his work or study, 44can he do well? I 45 this from one of my classmates．He is 46 the countryside．His parents are farmers．Though he  47biology, he chose “international business”．He 48 to live a life which is different from 49 of his parents．In the end, he found he was not50 in doing business．He found all the subjects to be 51.

52this wouldn't have happened if he had chosen his major according to his own interests． Choosing a major in university 53 decide one's whole life．Majors54are not “hot” today may become the “hot” major of tomorrow．Choosing your major according to your own 55 is the best way to succeed．

36．A．person          B．way         C．  result          D．teacher

37．A．make up        B．pick up       C．take up          D． give up

38．A．places          B．subjects       C．areas           D．schools

39．A．for example     B．as to          C.such as           D．as well as

40．A．images         B．majors        C．features         D．museums

41．A．Only a few      B．Quite a few    C．Perhaps few      D．The few

42．A．power          B． number      C．level            D．degree

43．A．that            B．those         C．one             D．ones

44．A．why            B． how         C．where           D．when

45．A．suggested        B．guessed       C．searched         D．heard

46．A．above           B．off           C．in              D．from

47．A．studies           B．learns        C．  likes          D．fails

48．A．starts            B． wants       C．refuses          D．stops

49．A． that            B．what         C．which           D．one

50．A．rich             B．clever         C．interested       D．easy

51．A．lovely             B．valuable        C．simple           D．tiresome

52．A．So               B．Then          C． Maybe        D．Just then

53．A． does not          B．does           C．will            D．can often

54．A．what             B．in which       C．when          D． which

55．A．mind             B．experiences    C． interests       D．skill

下列各句中每句有一处错。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

Nowadays, the computer technology develops very fast that the Internet has become more and more popular. Some students regarded it as a great helper. Because there has a lot of information on line, so you can surf the Internet for any information you need in a short time without working hard in the library. This is also very convenient to talk with others by using the Internet. Moreover, other students think that there is some information on line which is not good for students. In addition, spend too much time playing games will not only have a bad effect on their studies but also do harm for health. Therefore, we should make properly use of the Internet. It is of great important to separate good plants from wild weeds.