It could happen just about any time you step out in public. You get onto an almost-empty bus, but the next passenger in decides to ignore dozens of empty seats to sit right next to you. While you're waiting in line at a supermarket, the next customer insists on standing only two inches behind you and shouting into his cell-phone. You go into a public restroom, and the next person to enter decides to use the next stall. Transgressions(冒犯) like these don't just make us feel uncomfortable; we often feel anxious, alarmed; and violated(被侵犯的). It is the attack of the personal-space invaders.

    In any society, shared definitions of personal space govern how we interact with other people. People living in densely(密集地) populated cities like Mumbai, Beijing, or Mexico City tend to require less personal space than people living in sparsely(稀少地) populated places within the country. In America, New Yorkers often have smaller requirements than residents of western states, like Montana, Shenandoah and Wyoming. Because everyone has different standards, gestures that are innocent in one place can be interpreted as opposite in another, especially in Britain.

    As the British etiquette(礼仪) website Debrett puts it, as a British person, somebody standing too close may make you "focus less on what somebody is saying than on how close they are to you". Simple acts like putting an arm around someone you don't know may seem friendly in China, but they can make us very uncomfortable. People from many European countries such as France and Spain kiss each other on the cheek when they meet, yet to British person, this seems too friendly and "touch-freely". The website explains! "The British are not backslappers(拍人后背的人) and generally do not show affection in public".

    Are British people unfriendly? Far from it. The website adds that they are not as "stand-offish and aloof' as they may seem, but very friendly and helpful to foreigners. However, remember not to be too close. If you are going to come closer than an arm's length, please let them know.

    Getting fit no longer (require) a pencil-and-paper workout plan or a food diary. If you're looking for some new and (create) ways to improve your health, try Fit Time.

    It's like your personal trainer. After (get) all the information it needs your height, weight, age, and exercise habits it gives you a customized training course, . asks you to work out four times a week for about two (month).The exercises focus a different part of your body every day. For instance, on Monday, you do push-ups(俯卧撑) to build up your arms, and on Tuesday, you build up (strong) in your legs by doing deep knee bends. exercise plan changes as time goes by.

    The best part of this app is that everyone can share . (they) workout results and follow their training. It is a great way for you and your friends (encourage) each other to build strong bodies.

假定你是小林，你的朋友李华马上要参加高考了，因此他很紧张，晚上经常睡不着觉。现在，请你给他发一封邮件，教他如何克服压力（get over pressure），内容包括：

1）对李华表示安慰和鼓励；

2）介绍消除压力的方法；

3）提一些生活和学习方面的建议；

4）提出希望。

注意：不得写出真实班级和姓名；可以适当增加情节，使行文连贯；词数100左右，给出的开头和结尾不计入总词数。

Dear Li Hua,

    I am sorry to learn that ……

Best wishes,

Yours,

Xiao Lin

    Lots of people stress out about talking in front of the class or getting laughed at if they make a mistake in front of an audience. The “stress hormones" that your body produces at times like these can actually help you focus.

    But when worry and stress about performing get to be too much, these hormones give people that “red alert(紧急状态)” feeling—the one that causes you to feel cold or sweaty, or get butterflies in your stomach.

    Be prepared. Rehearse(排练) as much as you can and practice in front of others at every opportunity. Most of all, think positively. Tell yourself “I'll be OK" or “I can do this" even if you are not 100% sure of it

    Look after yourself. Before big performances it's easy to let taking care of yourself slip as you spend too much time on rehearsals and practice. Exercise can also help you feel good, and along with sleep and nutrition, is an excellent way of keeping those stress hormones from getting out of control.

    Find out what the experts do. You can find books, DVDs, and online information about how to give your best when you perform, depending on what type of performance you're preparing for. Or ask the cast of your school play or your drama or music teacher how they beat stage fright. And if your parents or grandparents ever performed, they may have their own secrets to share.

Writing A Letter To Your Future Self

    Just imagine writing a letter to your future self 5 years from now, then opening it at that exact moment to see how much of it has come true.

    As you read the letter in the future, you can assess how many things agree with your expectations in the past. Often times, the goals we set and our goal achievement process are affected by a lot of changes along the way. The letter lets you recognize how your current idea differs from the past.

    In addition to that, at the very moment you are writing the letter, your thoughts are stored right there in those words. When you open the letter in the future, you as your future self gets to compare how you used to be in the past with how you are now.  . It's very interesting to do so.

    Take out a pen and paper right now and start writing your letter to your future self. Set a time period to write to. Then start writing. Think about the type of person you will be, your place in life, what you will have realized then, and so on.

    Put it in a safe space where no one can find it. When you open this sometime in the near future, you might gain additional insights(了解) about yourself and your journey in the past few years.

    Now whenever I get close to (lose) my patience, I'll think of a report that I watched on TV years ago. It (report) that nearly 100, 000 people died from traffic accidents that year, causing a lot of damage and pain for individuals and society. Road safety has aroused (wide) attention of the public than ever before. In recent years, many rules (make) to reduce the traffic crashes, especially for the ones (involve) in the pedestrians. As far as I'm concerned, we should take road safety (serious) in our daily life. While using the road, we must walk on the pavement, take notice of the traffic lights and learn to protect (we). Besides, car drivers should obey the traffic rules, which is both good for themselves and others. Above all, we should teach our children to treasure life and get to know and obey the traffic rules.  

    All  all, life is so precious that we can't afford to lose it. Obeying the traffic rules is  all of us should pay attention to particularly. Only by attaching great importance to traffic safety can we all live    better life.

下面一篇短文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处错误，每处错误只涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1）、每处错误及其修改仅限一词；

2）、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    A man has been waiting at the bus stop. After a few minutes later, the bus arrived and did not stop. The man thought it would stop a little far, so he started running after the bus. Fortunately, the bus never stopped. The man kept follow the bus until he arrived home. The man was very glad that he could save a bit money. He happily told his wife, “Honey, today I ran after the buses until getting home. I didn't have to pay the fee.” Surprisingly, the wife blamed her, “You fool! Do you know how many you could save if you ran after a taxi?”

    In today's busy and competitive world, we all lead incredibly stressful lives. When stress becomes overwhelming, it can affect our mood and productivity. The good news is that it is manageable and can be reduced, or even relieved completely.

    Enter the world of books. Feeling stressed out? Pick up your favorite book and leave the reality and worries behind. It is the most effective way to relax and overcome stress. Getting lost in a book before bedtime can calm your mind and prepare your body for a good night's sleep.

    Connect with people. Another way to successfully beat stress is meeting with friends. Friends and loved ones are important to any healthy lifestyle. If you're feeling a little overwhelmed and just can't seem to shake it off, call your best friend or a member of your family and talk to them.

    Walk it off. You can also effectively relieve yourself of stress by simply taking a walk around your neighborhood. There's a whole new world up there that you never seem to notice while rushing to work or talking to someone. Take a moment to admire a new building or a balcony somewhere high up that reminds you of a castle from your favorite movie. Enjoy your time alone and seize every moment of it.

    Nothing brings you back on track like a good laughter. It is the most powerful antidote(良方) to stress and it brings joy into your life. Laughing brings people together and drives away all stress-related problems as if they never existed. It is absolutely the best medicine there is, and it will keep you both physically and emotionally healthy.

—I'd like to，but I ________Shanghai when you return.

    At thirteen, I was diagnosed(诊断) with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.

    In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.” She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are no different from your classmates, young man.”

    I tried, but I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.

    In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education. But Louis didn't give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots(点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.

    Wasn't I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was no different from others; I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?

    I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: “See what you can do when you keep trying?”

1）. 你看完报道的感受；

2）. 动物濒危的原因；

3）. 你对WWF的建议。

注意：1. 词数100左右。2. 可适当增加细节，使得行文连贯。3. 参考词汇：deforestation 砍伐森林

Dear Sir or Madam,

    ……

Yours,

Li Hua