前不久，我国宣布全面放开二胎政策。就人们关于是二胎政策的看法，你在本校同学中做了一个调查，请按以下要点写篇短文：

1. 调查结果：55%左右的人支持，45%左右的人反对。

2. 生二胎的利与弊。
3. 你的观点及理由。
注意：1. 词数110左右。开头部分已写好，不计入总词数。
2. 可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。

Recently, two-child policy was put into effect in China, _______________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

_______ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.

  A. Based           B. To base            C.Base              D. Basing

 The thieves ______ the bank and stole lots of money.

 A. broke in        B. broke down       C. broke through        D. broke into

Recently, our class had a discussion about whether middle school students should listen to MP3 player at school.

①40%的学生支持这个观点，他们说作为一名中学生，那样做很潮。(fashionable,潮流的)②而且，在听音乐的时候我们还能得到放松。(while,在…时候) ③第三，在随身听的帮助下，我们可以听听英语来提高英语水平。(English level,英语水平) Others, however, hold the opposite idea. ④首先，这对学习有很不好的影响，因为这样做会很花时间。(effect, n.影响)⑤而且，听的时间太多对听力有害。(harm, n.危害) Thirdly, it is a waste of money to buy an MP3 player.

⑥在我看来，我们应该合理使用随身听。(use, n.利用) Even if we do want to use it, we are supposed to limit the time strictly.

I have always believed that “Any man can be a father, but it __16__ someone special to be a dad.” This is true. Since the__17__ of my son, Joshua, things have changed a lot in my life, but the__18__ have been good! My wife and I have been through many__19__ moments which have made both of us stronger.

My son was born __20__ a serious breathing problem and he couldn’t keep his medicine down. He was put on several different medications, __21__he did not get any better. My wife and I were both told many times by people that Joshua __22__he was born early; he had not__23__ much weight since he was born. 

As time progressed his regular doctor advised my wife and me __24__ Dr. Eid, a specialist in Louisville. He was__25__by my son’s condition and so we were sent to Louisville’s Children’s Hospital. Joshua __26__many different checkups. The__27__spent there was very demanding for my wife and me. But we did make it__28__. Our son Joshua was diagnosed (诊断) with asthma (哮喘), and with acid reflux syndrome (酸回流综合症). After the treatment, his__29__ began to improve slowly.

Joshua is 1 year and 1 month old now and his progress has been__30__ he is up to 27 pounds now. I keep telling my wife that if he keeps__31__ like this he might become a football __32__someday. There is a __33__ that has helped me get through these troublesome times, “Problems will either__34__you or break you.” When you think the__35__hours are upon you, remember the dawn is just in sight. 

16.A. breaks        B. takes                 C. tells               D. brings

17.A. success       B. illness                  C. death            D. birth

18.A. needs                B. becomes           C. changes          D. causes

19.A. boring               B. challenging         C. exciting      D. puzzling

20.A. in                   B. at                 C. without         D. with

21.A. but                  B. so                 C. since           D. until

22.A. looked about   B. looked for               C. looked like        D. looked at

23.A. kept                 B. lost               C. gained          D. raised

24.A. visit                B. to visit           C. visiting        D. have visited

25.A. angered      B. scared                     C. disappointed        D. shocked

26.A. went into     B. put into                  C. went through        D. broken through

27.A. hour                 B. money              C. time             D. holiday

28.A. out                  B. down               C. off              D. through

29.A. diet                 B. skill              C. healthy          D. health

30.A. great                B. slow               C. little           D. enough

31.A. walking      B. running                    C. training         D. growing

32.A. supporter     B. player                    C. coach            D. fan

33.A. saying               B. says               C. said             D. say

34.A. cheat                B. make               C. beat             D. find

35.A. easiest              B. latest             C. brightest            D. darkest

To our great ________, the hikers lost in the forest were found by the police．

A．view          B．anxiety           C．surprise      D．relief

1.      But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people _______ ( 暴露 ) to cholera .

2.      ________  _________（只有） you put the sun there did the movements of the other plants in the sky ________  ________（讲得通）.

3.      With all these attractions ,________ ________ (难怪)tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland .

4.      _______  ________（一般而言） ,studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’world of cultural crossroads .

5.      John Snow wanted to ______  _______  _________ (面对挑战)and solve this problem.

6.      _______  ________  _______  ________  ________（第一个到达的人）was Tony Garcia from Clombia , closely ________（跟随） by Julia Smith from Britain.

7.      It seemed that the water ______  _______  _________（应受责备）.

8.      However ,people from places like Spain ,Italy or South American countries approach others closely and _______ more ________  __________（有可能） touch them.

9.      So many thousands of terrified people died _________  ___________（每次）there was an outbreak.

10.  Some parks _______  ________  ________（以---闻名） having the biggest or longest roller coasters.

11.  Yesterday ,another students and I ,_________（代表） our university’ students association to meet this year’s international students .

It was Molly's job to hand her father his brown paper lunch bag each morning before he headed off to work.
     One morning,  in addition to his usual lunch bag,  Molly handed him a second paper bag.This one was worn and held together with staples (书钉). 
     "Why two bags?" her father asked."The other is something else,  " Molly answered."What's in it?""Just 
some stuff (东西). Take it with you."
     Not wanting to discuss the matter,  he put both sacks into his briefcase,  kissed Molly and rushed off.
At midday he opened Molly's bag and took out the contents:two hair ribbons (丝带),  three small stones,  a plastic dinosaur,  a tiny sea shell,  a small doll,  and 13 pennies...The busy father smiled,  finished 
eating,  and swept the desk clean into the wastebasket,  Molly's stuff included.
     That evening,  Molly ran up behind him as he read the paper."Where's my bag?""What bag?""The one I gave you this morning.""I left it at the office,  my dear.""I forgot to put this note in it,  " she said."And,  
besides,  Daddy,  the things in the sack are the things I really like.I thought you might like to play with them.You didn't lose the bag,  did you,  Daddy?""Oh,  no,  " he said,  lying."I just forgot to bring it home.I'll 
bring it tomorrow."While Molly hugged her father's neck,  he unfolded the note that read,  "I love you,  
Daddy." Molly had given him her treasures-all that a 7yearold held dear.
     Love was in a paper bag,  and he missed it-not only missed it,  but had thrown it in the wastebasket.
So he went back to the office.Just ahead of the night janitor (看门人),  he picked up the bag from the wastebasket.He put the treasures inside and carried it home carefully.The bag didn't look so good,  but the 
stuff was all there and that's what counted.
     After dinner,  he asked Molly to tell him about the stuff in the sack.It took a long time to tell.
     Everything had a story or a memory.
     "Sometimes I think of all the great times in this sweet life." he thought.We should all remember that it's not the destination that counts in life,  but the journey.That journey with the people we love is all that really matters.It is such a simple truth but it is so easily forgotten.

4. Why did Molly give her father a second bag?
A. She didn't want to keep the things in the Bag.
B. She hoped those things would bring happiness to her father.
C. She wanted to remind her father of the stories behind the things.
D. She enjoyed playing with her father.
5. How did Father deal with the bag after he opened it?
A. He kept it in the drawer.
B. He took it back home.
C. He threw it into the wastebasket.
D. He put it on his table.
6. Which of the following is the most suitable title of the passage?
A. An Important Journey  
B. Two Bags
C. Love in a Paper Bag   
D.Father and Daughter

 The woman has ________ complete absence of small talk. As a consequence ,she acted as if she hadn’t recognized me and didn’t make __________sound.

   A. /; a             B. a; a               C. the;/           D. a; the

  It was a bad time for me. I was low emotionally and tired physically. Probably because of this I hadn t shaved for a few days. Also, because I had been doing some repairs at my daughter’s house, I was dressed quite scruffily (不整洁地）• Boarding the bus to go home I saw it was almost full so I found a rail (扶手）to lean against.

  That was when a young woman, sitting with her child, stood up and offered me her seat. ‘Wow” 1 thought. Out loud I said, “Do I look that old and tired?” She replied, “You look like you，ve had a tough day.” i thanked her sincerely and stayed standing.

  A moment later a man rose from his seat at the back of the bus and made his way towards me, squeezing past several people on the way. Then he told me about his addiction problems, asked my advice, and just chatted about life for a few minutes. Then he went back to his seat. Veiy random!

  Watching him go, I also looked at the bus-load of people between me and his seat. He hadn’t chosen to talk to those strangers. He chose to talk to this stranger, for whatever it meant to him and whatever comfort it brought him. Why?

That´s when it occurred to me. I must have looked like I had been where he was. I probably looked like a man who would understand a difficult life. I was humbled and uplifted at the same time by the realization that even when we are at our lowest we can still help others 一 if we look like we might be able to meet them where they live or walk a while in their world.

24. vVhy did the young woman offer her seat to the writer?

A.    Because she thought the writer looked very old.

B.    Because the writer looked very friendly。

C.    Because the writer looked humorous.

D.    Because the writer looked exhausted.

25 • What can we leam about the man from Paragraph 3?

A.    He was an acquaintance of the writer.

B.    He felt familiar with the writer.

C.    He maybe takes drugs heavily.

D.    He lacks confident in life.

26.   The underlined words 4Sthis stranger” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to

A.    the young woman

B.    one passenger

C.    the writer

D.    the driver

27.   Which of the following may be the best title for the text?

A.    Unusual appearance interests strangers

B.    Meet them where they live

C.    Small talks make a difference

D.    Accept what they are

Money Matters   

Parents should help their children understand money.  36   So you may start talking about money when your child shows and interest in buying things, candy or toys , for example.

1. The basic function of money

Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员).  37  When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex (复杂的) ways of using money .

2. Money lessons

Approach money lessons with openness and honesty.  38   If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money , explain, “you have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “ You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”

3.  39     

Begin at the grocery store（杂货店）.Pick out two similar brands of a product—a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品)， for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money .  40   If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.

A. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

B. The value of money

C. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest     

D. Permit the child to choose between them

E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you

F. Tell your child why he can ---or cannot---have certain things

G. Wise decisions

Give me six hours to cut down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.

—Abraham Lincoln

A great quote(语录), isn’t it?   16   When they have a project, many people just work on it directly with little or no preparation. However, those who are clever prepare things well in advance and finish the job in less time and with less stress.   17    Here are three ways that preparation can help you:

   18    Few things waste your time more than working on the wrong project. The time saved from not doing the wrong project far outweighs(比......重要) the time spent on researching it.

   19    Those with no preparation will use the first method they can think of. It is possible for you to find other methods to do things better and faster. A good way is by watching how the best people in your field work. Then find out a method that suits your style and situation.

Preparation makes you ready when a chance comes. Keep building your skills and knowledge even when there is no project.    20    

There is a danger : You could be over-prepared. Even worse, some people use preparation as an excuse not to take action. Don’t do it.

A. Preparation helps you decide if something is worth doing.

B. Find out the most suitable method of your own.

C. Preparation helps you find the most efficient way to do things.

D. Good preparation can make the difference between being productive and just being tired.

E. As Seneca said, “ Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.”

F. One way is to take a good look at the person talking.

G. It’s the opposite of what many people do.

文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。

修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分。

Last Saturday, mom and I went to buy a down jacket for my grandpa. When we got to a big store, we saw down jackets of vary colours and styles. There were so many of them that it

spent us quite a while to decide which one to buy. Finally, under the help of the shop assistant,

he selected a black thick jacket for grandpa. Immediately, we returned back home to show it

to my grandpa. Seeing it, he was very happy and couldn’t wait to put on. But we were annoying

to find something was wrong with the zipper. Hurriedly, I took it back to the store and explained the shop assistant the problem .To my satisfaction, she is very kind and helped me choose another one patiently. Stand in front of the mirror, my grandpa looked at himself in the new coat, smiling contently. How delighted I was! 

51.White has been always a ______(象征) of purity in Western cultures.

52.Lucy won a  ______  ( 奖学金)  to study at Oxford. .

53.Colors like red ______  (传达 ) a sense of energy and strength.

54.At school the other children always ____ ( 取笑, 逗弄 ) me because I was fat.

55.Mr. Li is a heavy smoker, that is, he is ______  ( 上瘾 ) to smoking.

56.His problem is not physical but _________. ( 精神的).

57.I  ______  (比较)  the copy with the original, but there wasn’t much difference.

58.Nobody knows how this world came into _________ ( 存在 ).

59.More help in the office would ___________( 减轻) me from some of this responsibility.

60.Some books are to be tasted, others to be ___________( 吞咽), and some few to be chewed and digested. 

 A blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a hat by his feet．He held up a 　41　which said：“I am blind, please help．”

   There were only a few 　42　 in the hat．A man was walking by．He took some change from his pocket and

43　 it into the hat．He then took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some _44．He put it back so that everyone

who passed  　45　 would see the new words．

  Soon the hat began to 　46　．There were a lot more people 　47　 money to the blind boy．That afternoon the man who had 　48　 the sign came to see how things were．The boy 　49　 his footsteps and asked, “Are you the one who changed my sign this morning? What did you write?” The man said, “I just wrote the 　50　．I said what you said but in a different way.”

  What he had written was: “Today is a beautiful day but I 　51　 see it．”

   Do you think the previous sign and the new one were 　52　the same thing? Of course both signs 　53　 people that the boy was blind．　54　  , the first sign simply told people to help by putting some money in the hat because of his blindness．The second sign told people that they were  　55　 enough and able to enjoy the 　56　 of the day , which the boy couldn’t.

  There are at least two 　57  we can learn from this simple story.

  The first is : Be 　58   for what you have．Someone else has 　59  . Help where you can.

  The second is : Be creative. Think 　60  .There is always a better way.

41. A. note                 B. photo                C. sign                 D. box

42. A. checks               B. bills                C. banknotes            D. coins

43. A. dropped              B. brought              C. threw                D. slipped

44. A. news               B. information       C. words                D. themes

45. A. by                   B. away            C. up                   D. out

46. A. blow up              B. fill up              C. pump up              D. fold up

47. A. lending              B. collecting           C. offering            D. donating

48. A. found                B. changed              C. formed               D. made

49. A. heard                B. sensed               C. recognized           D. observed

50. A. truth                B. story                C. issue                D. plan

51. A. mustn’t             B. shouldn’t           C. wouldn’t           D. can’t

52. A. conducting           B. expressing           C. discussing          D. commenting

53. A. informed             B. allowed              C. encouraged           D. absorbed

54. A. Moreover             B. Anyhow          C. Otherwise            D. However

55. A. cheerful             B. negative           C. lucky                 D. unfortunate

56. A. beauty               B. brightness          C. value                 D. comfort

57. A. theories             B. titles              C. means                 D. lessons

58. A. diligent             B. merciful           C. grateful               D. enthusiastic

59. A. more                 B. less               C. better                 D. worse

60. A. aloud                B. differently          C. twice                D. positively

    If something that you’re doing doesn’t challenge you, then it doesn’t change you．We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all.   36    So challenge the following limits:
    1. Figure out what you’re scared of and do it continuously．
    If you’re a salesman, and you’re scared of talking to people personally or over the phone, now, instead of being scared and thinking you’ll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call．  37    But don’t stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eyes and say, “Go on, I'm not scared!”
    2．   38    
    Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this．Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on．Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income．
    3. Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise．
      39   A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders foryourself.     Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself．
    4. Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people．
     Don’t just limit yourself to your fellow travelers - try to connect with the service staff．You never know what kind of people they’re going to be．Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class．   40   
A. You should do it continuously．
B. Someone may hang up on you．
C. You don’t need to go to the gym．
D. Running in the gym may be a better choice．
E. Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself．
F. Take a class for a hobby you’ve been wanting to develop．
G. You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone．

A Samoan airline says that it is the world’s first carrier to charge passengers by their weight. Samoa Air, which opened in 2012, asks passengers to give their personal weight during booking, which is then charged according to the length of a flight. The customers will also be weighed just before they board the plane.

"It is believed that all people throughout the world are the same size," Samoa Air CEO Chris Langton said. "Airplanes always run on weight, not seats."

"There is no doubt in my mind that this is the concept of the future. This is the fairest way of your travelling with your family or yourself."

Though the airline introduced the plan last November, it caught people's attention last week when the carrier began international flights to neighboring American Samoa.

Almost at the same time, a Norwegian economist, Bharat Bhatta, published a report suggesting that airlines should charge obese passengers more.

The Pacific Islands contain some of the world’s most common countries for obesity, many ranking in the top 10, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Samoa is ranked number four, with 59.6 percent of the population considered obese, said the most recent WHO report.

According to Samoa Air's latest schedule, the airline charges up to $0.57 per kg for flights in Samoa and $1.03 per kg for its only international flight to American Samoa, around 250 miles.

Children under 12 are charged 75 percent of the adult rate, with fares also based on weight. Any overweight baggage is calculated at the same rate as the passenger's personal weight.

The plan could actually prove cheaper in some cases, such as for families travelling with small children, and Langton said customer reaction has mainly been "amazingly positive".

The idea of charging passengers by weight has been hotly discussed before, and in the US some airlines require those who do not fit into a seat comfortably to buy a second seat.

35. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 3 refer to? 

   A. Airlines should charge passengers by flight length. 

   B. All people throughout the world are the same size. 

   C. It is unfair to weigh passengers at the airport. 

   D. Airplanes always run on weight, not seats.

36. In Bharat Bhatta’s eyes, Samoa Air's plan might be _______.

   A. funny            B. acceptable      C. strange        D. disappointing

37. A 100 kg adult flying to American Samoa would be charged _______.

   A. $57              B. $75               C. $103         D. $125

38. What does the text mainly tell us? 

   A. 59.6% of Samoans are considered obese.  

   B. Samoa Air introduces pay-by-weight pricing.

   C. Airlines should charge obese passengers more.

   D. Baggage must be calculated as passengers’ weight.

I had a bad habit of skipping to the last pages of a book. I just wanted to see how it ended __26__ I was still in the middle of it. This habit __27__ first my mom，then my friends，and __28__ even my own daughter. Often my __29__ wouldn't be limited just to the books I read but also to what others were __30__ as well. Then one day my daughter told me in anger，“Dad，please just read a book one __31__ at a time like everyone else！”

At times I didn't __32__ this bad habit to just reading books either. I also tried to skip ahead in my own life and __33__ out what to do months or even years from now __34__ enjoying each day at present. Although I knew that the __35__ of my life wasn't done yet and that I had many pages __36__ to go，I still couldn't control my burning desire to write the __37__ of it halfway through. Time and again，I would __38__ jump ahead and try to solve every potential problem before it happened. Life，__39__，doesn't work like that. It loves to __40__ us，and you never know what new problems，changes，or opportunities each new day will __41__.

Recently when I found myself living in the __42__ again，I felt a voice that gently told me I needed to “live one day at a time”．When I heard those words，I __43__ ，turned the book of my life back to the __44__ page，and thanked God for today.

Each of us has to __45__ the book of life line by line，moment by moment and trust that our story will be brought to its perfect end.

26．A.since           B．while            C．for            D．because

27．A.confused        B．delighted         C. annoyed         D．embarrassed

28．A.usually         B．obviously         C．accidentally     D．finally

29．A. disappointment  B．misunderstanding   C．impatience      D．disagreement

30．A. reading         B． saying           C．doing          D．watching

31．A. chapter         B．copy              C．page          D．edition

32．A.contribute       B．devote             C．apply         D．limit

33．A.try             B． let               C．figure         D．turn

34．A.on the part of     B． instead of         C．other than     D．on the basis of

35．A.book            B．river              C．picture        D．play

36．A.forgotten         B．kept              C． left          D．regretted

37．A.feeling           B．beginning         C．comments      D． ending

38．A.consciously       B．strangely          C．foolishly       D．critically

39．A.however         B．moreover          C．therefore       D．otherwise

40．A. cheat           B． surprise           C．satisfy         D．frighten

41．A. bring           B．make              C．take           D．award

42．A.present          B．dream             C．memory        D．future

43．A.cheered          B．cried              C．smiled         D．lost

44．A.exciting          B．right              C．favorite        D．hopeful

45．A.write            B．review             C．explain        D．translate

    I had arrived at the airport about 30 minutes before the check­in. It had been very  21 three days for me with lots of meetings. So I was glad to have the  22  time to make a note of what I  23  to do the following day. But then came the  24  that my flight had to be   25 because there was a problem with the plane.

As I sat waiting for my  26  to be called, I reflected on my last meeting of the day. It was not a business meeting but rather a very enjoyable  27  with an old business friend I had not seen for over 12 years. Our lunch was spent recalling time gone by  28  filling each other in what had happened in our lives over the last 12 years. We both laughed and smiled as we recalled the good times and the great experiences we had  29  together. At the end of our time together, we both said how much we had  30  it and that we must do it again.

It was great to have this additional time to replay in my  31   all that we had talked about. I realized how important it was to have regular   32  of the good times in our life. I was lucky enough to have had the chance to take a short  33  and reflect on the good things that had happened in my life over the last 12 years.

It was somewhat like looking at an old photo album  34  in a cupboard in your house. There before your eyes were lots of wonderful  35  that take you back to times and places, and most importantly to those people who were in the  36  .

My flight home was finally  37  three hours later. I smiled as I  38  the plane and realized that I was not at all  39  about the delay in the flight, as I had been able to spend the time  40  on the good times from days gone by.

21.     A. important 　　   B．busy             C．convenient           D．useful

22．A. pleasant         B．satisfying      C．happy            D．extra

23．A. had           B．failed          C．needed          D．managed

24．A. announcement     B．declaration     C．opening          D．speech

25．A. waited           B．cancelled        C．taken           D．delayed

26．A. flight           B．turn             C．name             D．order

27．A. negotiation      B．lunch            C．party            D．discussion

28．A. as well          B．except for       C．as well as           D．in addition

29．A. spent            B．met              C．managed          D．shared

30．A. got              B．enjoyed          C．made             D．paid

31．A. thought          B．spirit           C．flight               D．mind

32．A. time             B．plans            C．reminders            D．remainder

33．A. way              B．cut              C．method          D．break

34．A. stored away      B．put on           C．set aside            D．given out

35．A. celebrations     B．memories         C．awards               D．presents

36．A. cupboard         B．books            C．childhood        D．photos

37．A. shouted          B．phoned           C．called               D．commanded

38．A. left             B．boarded              C．jumped           D．reached

39．A. upset            B．happy            C．crazy           D．surprised

40．A. taking           B．seizing          C．reflecting           D．bringing

Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活)if the rain is spread throughout the year, If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.

Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.

   There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing –-very, very slowly ---as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.

Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the desert. During the heat of the day a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.

4．Many plants may survive in deserts when_____________.

5．Sand dunes are formed when_____________.

6．The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is____________.

7．It can be learned from the text that in a desert____________.

A.there is no rainfall throughout the year

B.life exists in rough conditions

C.all sand dunes are a few feet high

D.rocks are worn away only by wind and heat