疑问句 知识点

一、疑问句的定义:疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。疑问句是实际交流中常用的句式,疑问句分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。
二、疑问句的种类:
(一)一般疑问句
一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。它是指用“yes”或“no”来回答的句子。其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分?
例如:—Is this your pen?—Yes it is./No it isn't.
 否定的一般疑问句。Can't he drive? 他不是会开车吗?;Can he not drive? 他不会开车吗?
回答否定形式的一般疑问句的注意事项:Is he not a student? 他不是学生吗?
Yes, he is. 不,他是学生。
注意:
1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am is are …)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。例如:I'm in Class 2 Grade 1.→Are you in Class 2 Grade 1?
2.陈述句中有情态动词(can may must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。例如:He can swim now.→Can he swim now?
3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加“do”或“does” 主语后的实义动词用原形。
例如:I like these animals.→Do you like these animals?
4.一般疑问句有时不用“yes”或“no”回答。
(二)选择疑问句
定义:选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。这类疑问句有两种形式:一种是以一般疑问句的结构形式为基础,只是在语调上有所区别。这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调,后一个用降调;如果有两个以上供选择的答案,则在最后一个用降调,其余都用低升调。
例如:Would you like a gin, or a whisky, or a'beer? 你是要喝杜松子酒,还是威士忌酒,还是啤酒?另一种选择疑问句是以特殊疑问句的结构形式为基础的,也是在语调上有所区别。
例如:Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one.
(三)特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose which when where how why等。特殊疑问句有两种语序:
1. 如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(+主语)+其他成分?
例如:who is singing in the room? whose bike is broken?
2. 如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序?例如:what class are you in?
注意:回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。例如:—Who is from Canada? —Helen (is).
(四)反意疑问句
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”。
1.) 陈述部分的主语是“I”,疑问部分要用 aren't I. 例如:I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?
2)陈述部分的谓语是“wish”,疑问部分要用“may”+主语。例如:I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想和你说句话,可以吗?
3)陈述部分用no、nothing、nobody、never、few、seldom、hardly、rarely、little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:The Swedemade no answer, did he / she?
4)含有“ought to”的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。例如:He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5)陈述部分有“have to”+v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用“don't”+主语(didn't +主语)。例如:We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6)陈述部分的谓语是“used to”时,疑问部分用“didn't”+主语或“usedn't”+主语。例如:He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7)陈述部分有“had better”+ v. 疑问句部分用“hadn't you”。例如:You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8)陈述部分有“would rather”+v.,疑问部分多用“wouldn't”+主语。例如:He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9)陈述部分有“You'd like to”+v. 疑问部分用“wouldn't”+主语。例如:You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10)陈述部分有“must”的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。  例如:He must be a doctor, isn't he?
11)感叹句中的反义疑问句。  例如:①What colours (they are), aren't they?    ②  How carefully Jim reads, doesn't he?
12)陈述部分由“neither… nor”,“either… or ”连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。例如:Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用“it”。    例如:Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如:Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
例如:①He is not the man who gave us a talk,is he?   
②He said he wanted to visit Japan,didn't he?
c. 如果上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等,则疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
例如:①I don't think he is bright, is he?
②We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数“they”,有时也用单数“he”。
例如:①Everyone knows the answer,don't they?(doesn't he?)
②Nobody knows about it,don't they?(doesn't he?)
16)带情态动词“dare”或“need”的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用“need”(dare)+主语。
例如:We need not do it again,need we?②He dare not say so,dare he?
当“dare”、“need”为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词“do”+ 主语。例如:She doesn't dare to go home alone,does she?
17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用“will you”。
例如:①Don't do that again,will you?
②Go with me,will you / won't you?
注意:“Let's”开头的祈使句,后用“shall we”。“Let us”开头的祈使句,后用“will you”。
例如:①Let's go and listen to the music,shall we?
②Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you?
18)陈述部分是“there be”结构的,疑问部分用“there”省略主语代词。
例如:①There is something wrong with your watch,isn't there?
②There will not be any trouble,will there?
19)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
例如:①It is impossible,isn't it?
②He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?
20)“must”在表“推测”时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
例如:①He must be there now, isn't he?
②It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it ?

疑问句 知识点题库

This is the first time that your parents have been abroad, ______?

A . haven’t they B . hasn’t it C . aren’t they D . isn’t it
I don't think he could have done such a stupid thing last night,_______ ?

A . did he                      B . could he C . do I     D . hasn't he
I don't suppose The Flowers of War by Zhang Yimou is popular among teenagers, ___________?

A . do I B . isn't it C . don't you D . is it
It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ________?
A . won't you B . will you C . don't we D . shall we
—The girl hardly holds on to her dream, _______?

—_______. I'm sure her dream will come true soon.

A . doesn't she; No, she doesn't B . isn't she; Yes, she is C . does she; Yes, she does D . does she; No, she doesn't
the football game that they kept shouting at the top of their voices? (while)

是在看足球比赛时他们扯大嗓门不停叫喊的吗?

You used to go to work by bus, you?
—_________ your mother free at the weekend?

—NO. She ________ has much work to do.

A . Does; always B . Is; always C . Does; seldom D . Is; seldom
      go for a holiday?
A . When do you suggest that we B . When do you suggest we C . Do you suggest when should we D . Do you suggest that when we should
Before you quit your job, do consider how your family would feel about your decision ______?
A . don't you B . do you C . will you D . wouldn't you
—I wonder ______you'll water this kind of flower.

—Every other day.

A . how often B . how long C . how soon D . how much
—The Belt and the Road policy advocated by China will pay off.

—You can say that again! I'm sure it is simply a matter of time,____?

A . am not I B . aren't I C . isn't it D . is it
—I spent a week in Xiamen last month.

—Then you must have been overcharged for sea food many a time, ________ you? This city is known for that.

A . mustn't B . weren't C . haven't D . hadn't
—I spend two weeks in Beijing last year.

—Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, ________ you?

A . mustn't B . didn't C . haven't D . hadn't
—They haven't been to Beijing, have they?

—_____. They have never been there.

A . Yes, they haven't B . Yes, they have C . No, they have D . No, they haven't
Look! They ______ a good time, ______ they?
A . have; do B . have; don't C . are having; are D . are having; aren't
A: It's not going to rain, is it?

B: , . It's a good day for an outing.(用适当的单词填空)

You are meeting your brother at the airport this weekend, ?(反意疑问句)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
Be careful with your passport and money when you are in a foreign country, ________?
A . will you B . can you C . aren't you D . don't you
—________ do you go to the gym?

—Twice a week.

A . How long B . How soon C . How many D . How often
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