社会现象类 知识点题库

阅读下列短文内容，回答问题。

    Do you still get free plastic bags from the supermarkets? Things have changed.

    China has banned （禁止） free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets，and people have to pay for using plastic bags. The rule started on June 1,2008. It came because our country tried to make litter less. Making super-thin （超薄） plastic bags has also been banned.

    The Chinese once used about 3,000,000,000 plastic shopping bags a day, and they have caused pollution of the environment. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are easy to break and people throw them away here and there. So the Chinese people are encouraged to bring their own bags for shopping.

    What kind of shopping bag is the best to bring? Some students in Chongqing have a good idea. They make their own shopping bags. They use old clothes to make cloth bags（布袋）, and send them to their parents as presents. They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead of plastic ones. They think it is their duty（责任） to protect the environment.

阅读下面短文,然后根据短文内容选择最佳答案。B
    Almost every Chinese person can recite (背诵) the two lines of the famous poem, "Every grain on the plate comes from hard work." But sadly, many of us don't get the real meaning of these lines: Don't waste (浪费) food.
    A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to (根据) the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2015, especially (尤其) in developing (发展中的) countries. Six million children die of (死于) hunger every year.
    Chinese people are well-known for being friendly and generous (慷慨的). Many even feel that they will lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized (意识到) the importance of saving food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food?
①. Don't order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you can't eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.
②. Don't leave any food in your bowls, while having meals.
③. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don't buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.

根据短文理解, 选择正确答案。  

    These days, more and more young people wish to be more beautiful, so they turn to plastic surgery(整形手术) for help. They spend thousands of yuan on these painful surgeries to fix(修整) their nose to change their eyelids(眼皮) or to take off weight from their stomachs.

    In fact, most people are not pleased with the way they look. Even the most beautiful actresses often wish they could change something about their looks. Should we live our whole lives believing we are ugly? Why can't we raise our head high and believe that we are as beautiful as others? A smile is beautiful on any face, whether fat, oily or hairy. And a kind heart is much more beautiful than a pretty look.

    So, let's feel grateful(感激的) that we all have beautiful and healthy bodies that do not need surgeries! Today, I call on you to make an easy change: hold your head high! smile and be kind to others. If you do these, you will be full of confidence(自信), beauty, and warmth everywhere you go.

完形填空

    British people think being on time is very important. "Drop in anytime" and "Come and see me soon" are often used 1British people. But you are not supposed to take it2 It is wise to make a call before you visit someone at home. If you3 a written invitation to an event that says "RSVP", you should reply to the person who sends the invitation as soon as possible. He is eager(热切的)to know4 you plan to attend the event or not.

    Never accept an invitation 5 you really plan to go. You may 6by saying, "Thank you for inviting7but I will not be able to come." If, after accepting, you are unable to attend, be sure to tell the 8 as far in advance(提前)as possible that you will not be there.

Although it is not  9 to bring a gift to your host, it is considered polite to do so, especially when you have been invited for a meal. You can take some flowers or some chocolate and both are good10. A thank-you note or a telephone call after the visit is also considered polite. Either is a proper way to express your thank for the invitation.

从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

    Every April, there is a special day in China. It is called Qingming Festival, also called Tomb -Sweeping Day. on that the day, people1and honor (纪念) their ancestors (祖先).

    Qingming is a(n)2Chinese festival. It has a long history. It began over 2,000 years ago. A famous poem3the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu describes the day: "Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passers-by(行人) with lowered sprits go."

    Tomb-Sweeping Day has been a public4 on the Chinese mainland(中国大陆) since 2008. On this day,5bring flowers, food and wine to their ancestors' tombs (坟墓). They put food like cakes and fruits in front of the tombs. After that, they6the dirt off the tombs and remember their dead family members.

   7 do Chinese people do this? That's because people think that visiting tombs to 8 respect (尊重) to their dead family members.

    However, Tomb-Sweeping Day is not only about this. During that time, the weather is becoming9. People are also able to garden (从事园艺)and enjoy outdoor activities. Families often 10 for outings (远足) or fly kites at this time.

阅读理解

    Is the world too crowded? Well, that's a hard question to answer. It's a matter of perspective(视角). In Montana, you might drive for a mile in any direction and not see another human being. In Macao, about 50, 000 people live in every square mile!

    What is true is that the world's population doesn't stay the same. It has been increasing at a very fast rate. That's in part because in each generation(代) there are more people who would like to have children than those in the last generation.

    Five hundred years ago, the population of the world was about 425 million. Right now it is doubling every 40 years. That means, if this rate of growth continues, when you are a parent, there will be twice as many people on the earth as there are now. Wow! That's a lot of people! Soon the world's population will probably reach 8 billion. Some people worry about that! But there is a lot of disagreement about the view that how many people on the earth equals(相当于) too many people. But everyone agrees that the more people there are, the more resources the world needs to feed, store and take care of, and the more need there is to think carefully about how we live and use the earth's resources.

阅读理解

    There are about 7 billion people on the Earth now. The world's population is a big problem because it will cause lots of problems in the future. More people will need more food and more room.

    The world population growth rate rose from about 1.5 percent per year during 1950-1951 to over 2 percent in the early 1960s.Although the growth rate thereafter started to fall due to(由于) people's getting married later as well as the development of technology, the rate is on the rise again now.

    The important thing is not how large the population of the world is, but how fast the rate increases. The world population increased from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion by 1999.The world population will grow from 6 billion in 1999 to 9 billion by 2050.This great growth of the population will create a big problem by the year 2100-there will be over 10 billion people in the world then.

Choose the best answer.

    The word "sport" first meant something that people did in their free time. Later it often meant hunting wild animals and birds.

    About a hundred years ago the word was first used for organized games. This is the usual meaning of the word today. People spend a lot of their spare time playing football, basketball, tennis and many other sports. Such people play because they want to. A few people are paid for the sport they play. These people are called professional sportsmen(职业运动员). They may be sportsmen for only a few years, but during that time the best one can earn a lot of money.

    For example, a professional football in England earns more than S 30, 000 a year. The stars earn a lot more, International golf(高尔夫球) and tennis champions(网球销标赛) can make more than $50, 000 in a year. Of course, only a few sportsmen can earn as much money as that. It is possible in sports for individuals like golf, tennis and motor-racing. Perhaps the most surprising thing about sportsmen and money is this; The stars can earn more money from advertising than from sport. An advertisement for sports equipment(运动装备) does not simply say "Buy our thing". It says "Buy the same shirt and shoes as… "Famous sportsmen can even advertise things like watches and food. They allow the companies to use their names or photographs of them and they are paid for this. Sport is no longer just something for people's spare time.

根据短文内容，判断正、误。

    Open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered (递送) to your home-this is how many people eat in China these days. According to the latest report, 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That's about half of the total number of internet users in China.

    Which group of people is ordering food online the most? It's mainly young people. Meituan, a food delivery service, showed that 86.3 percent of the service's users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people, who live in small families, are driving the development of the food delivery industry. Small families depend greatly on food delivery services.

    Chinese families have changed in sire over the past years. In 2020, only 7.7 percent of them were single-person families. But this number increased to 15.6 percent in 2017. The two-person families rose from 18.4% in 2002 10 27.2% in 2017. For small families, cooking needs more time and materials, so ordering food online has become more popular.

    The food delivery services have become much faster than before at present. According to Meituan's report, the time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2019. Many delivery platforms(平台) are also offering more services are in, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables medicine and lowers. More and more customers are interested in the improvement of China's food delivery services. As its services continue to improve, it's possible that the food delivery industry will keep growing.

阅读理解

    In the USA, you can only get a full-time job if you are 16 years old or older. But there are things that teenagers can do to earn(赚) some spending money. Here're a few ideas.

    Parents with young children sometimes want to go out for dinner or to the movies, but they don't want to leave their children alone. So, they ask a teenager to stay in the house, be a baby-sitter and look after their children while they're out. If the children go to bed early, you can do some of your homework!

    Some people have a dog, but they don't have time to take it for a walk. Dogs need a lot of exercise! So some teenagers work as dog walkers. It's a good idea - you earn money and you're outside in the fresh air. You get some exercise, too!

    Teenagers can work at home on their computers. Some companies pay teenagers to take online surveys. They want to know what teenagers are interested in. It's a fun and easy way to make money. You can also design web pages for friends or others. Do you have any old toys, books or CDs you don't use? Sell them online and make some money!

    Sometimes, some families pay teenagers to mow their lawns(草坪). It's a great job because you get fresh air and exercise. Mow a lawn carefully and people will want you to do it again. Then you have regular customers, because grass always grows.

    You can choose one of them to earn some money. Then you can spend it or save it! But don't forget it's important to always tell your parents where you're going. Be safe when you work.

阅读短文，根据题目要求及所给语境完成任务。

American women have fought for the same place as men for long. This is also shown in the culture and social life in different ways. The earliest change is that American women began to go out of home for work. That has made men not the only one that makes money for home. But soon they began to fight to get the same pay for the same work. So now we can't see different pays due to genders. And today, the American women are still fighting, because they have found that they don' t have the same chances to get some jobs. And they should have the ability to do it well. Though this fight has never stopped, they still accept that they are called after their husbands * family names after marrying them. One victory about their names is the word "Ms". They can be called Ms. Something, and it doesn't mean they are married or not, just like the use of " Mr."

阅读理解

    The virus(病毒) might have stopped Chinese students from going back to school. But it hasn't stopped them from learning. Do you know how to learn better online at home? Here is some advice from different students.

    ★Keep connected(连接的)

    To me, the biggest headache about studying online is my poor Internet connection. During one online class, I couldn't hear my English teacher and I had to connect again. It took lots of time. Since then, I have checked my connection before class every day and asked my family members not to use the Internet while I'm in class.

— Wang Chen, 13, Beijing

    ★Control yourself

    During the first day of studying online, I was excited and listened carefully. But soon I found that my teacher had no idea what I was doing at home so I could hardly control myself. I began to play games. Now, I've set screen time for both my telephone and computer. At night, I try not to play with my mobile phone and make preparations for the next day.

— Qiu Ziyin, 13, Shenzhen

    ★Find the right classes

    I think finding the right classes are the most important when studying online. For example, I had difficulty understanding some English grammar points, so I searched on the Internet and watched several videos from teachers across China. It's good for us to get different teachers.

— Zhang Jiawen, 14, Shanghai

阅读短文，根据题目要求完成下列任务。

Do you check your mobile phone often? Do you feel anxious if your mobile phone is not with you? When there is no Wi— Fi or signal for your mobile phone, will you get nervous? If you say yes, then you've got(B)addiction to mobile phones.

Nowadays, we can see the scene everywhere in the life: in subways, restaurants, roads, people are watching their mobile phones. From family party to dating with a friend, people couldn't stop checking their twitter, WeChat, facebook on the mobile phones and snubbing (忽视) the persons in front completely. Phubbing (低头族) influences not only the young people, but also the old and even the kids.

"Phubbing" is a new word which comes from the words "phone and " snub". It describes the habit of snubbing some one in favor of a mobile phone. (A) 因为玩手机,更多的人变得沉默。They do nothing but bow to play mobile phones. They spend too much time on the phones. And(C) they don't have time to communicate with persons in real life.

If we keep playing with phones when we are with our friends or family, we will spend less time talking to them. In fact, they need and deserve to be cared for.

Let us put down the mobile phones and enjoy the nature, the food, the books and all the beautiful things and persons around us.

根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文内容完整、正确。

    People say that the world is getting much s because of the Internet, the telephone and transportation. We can write emails to greet people in other countries on the Internet.

    People from different countries are getting closer to form a "world village". In the village, people live l neighbors. They breathe the same air and grow up under the same sky.

    But there are d. First, villagers don't look the same. They have different skin colors, so they are from different groups, they often d themselves differently. In Japan, women wear kimonos (和服). In China, many women like cheongsams (旗袍).

    People also celebrate different festivals. For example, the Chinese people celebrate Mid-Autumn Day while Americans celebrate Halloween. People don't always live in p. There are wars and disagreement over land, water and ideas.

阅读理解

Hello, my name is Li Lingling. Nowadays some teachers ask parents to check(批改) their kids' homework. About this problem, we did a survey(调查). Here are the ideas of some students.

Wei Shucun, 13

In my opinion, parents shouldn't help teachers with homework checking. Because checking homework is the teachers' job. Through checking homework, teachers can see if the material (材料) is too difficult for students and try to teach it more clearly. If parents do this job, teachers won't know how their students are getting on with their studies. What's more, not all parents are able to check homework. They might not have a good education(教育) themselves and might make mistakes when they check homework. And many parents are busy working in the daytime. They need to rest in the evening.

Liu Zhihan, 12

I don't think asking parents to check easy homework like dictation(听写) is a bad thing. If parents check homework, they can help teachers save time. So teachers can prepare their classes better. If teachers prepare well, they will teach their students better. And students can get better scores. However, for harder homework like problem-solving(应用) questions in math, teachers should still check it. The way that parents solve problems might be different from the way teachers teach them.

Peng Yisen, 12

Education needs everyone's care. Everyone should play his or her own part. It's clear that teachers should grade their students' homework. From my point of view, they need to grade most of students' homework because it's their job. However, parents should take part in teaching their kids too. That's because students finish most of their homework at home. Therefore, parents should keep an eye on it. For example, they should make sure that their kids finish their homework on time.

阅读理解

When restaurants first shut down early in the pandemic(疫情), Americans started cooking more at home— and, perhaps, causing more leftovers(残羹剩菜). Those leftovers can be a convenient future meal-- but they've got a dark side, too.

"There is a tendency(趋势) that if you put an item on a plate that's a leftover, there's a higher probability that you're not going to fully eat up that item. And so it's probably going to waste."

Brian Roe, an applied economist at the Ohio State University and his workmates recently studied leftovers and food waste by tracking the eating habits of 18 men and women in Baton Rouge, La. The participants(参与者) tracked what they ate using an iPhone app. During the weeklong study, the study subjects piled 1, 200 different foods in total on their plates.

After analyzing(分析) what got eaten，saved or thrown away, the researchers found that leftovers were more likely to be picked at and not fully eaten— a finding we can all probably agree with.

But they also observed that leftovers—perhaps due to being older and less fresh- directed directed diners' attention to the other, more new items on their plate, which brings up an interesting possible plan to get people to eat their. peas, perhaps surrounding it with leftovers is a way to make them focus on the newest item on the plate.

Overall, Roe says one bigger lesson emerged on how to avoid throwing food into the trash." For us, the real take-home here was: all else equal, choose a smaller meal, and you're less likely to cause leftovers. And that's a good thing because leftovers, all else equal, tend to be wasted."

阅读理解

They look like common biscuits and don't taste bad, either. But if they are made with unusual things, like crickets(蟋蟀), do you still dare to try? Three students at Abertay University in Dundee, UK, are using ground-up(磨成粉的) crickets to make biscuits. They are trying to find more sustainable(可持续发展的) food sources to solve world hunger、reported Daily Mail.

The students are using Thailand house orickets flour(粉末)About 1, 100 crickets can make 100grams of flour. The cricket flour is then mixed with eggs. butter and wheat flour(全麦面粉). Finally, it is baked to make biscuits.

Anja Sieghartsleitner is leading the study. She said that insects are a lot more sustainable than other meats.

Insects are easier to raise. They use less water and land, and produce less greenhouse gasses than cows and pigs. They also have more protein(蛋白质) than beef, chicken and pork

In fact, in a 2013 report, the Untied Nations called on more people to eat insects to beat world hunger.

Scientists have found more than 1, 900 edible(可食用的) insects. Some of these include crickets, beetles(甲壳虫), grasshoppers(蚂蚱) and cicadas(蝉).

People may not want to eat a whole cricket, said Sieghartsleitner. But if it's hidden away in flour or biscuits, then they may be more likely to accept it. Cricket flour is already for sale on the market, she added.

"If we are seeking to feed 9 billion people by 2050, then we have to change our eating behavior, "She said.

阅读理解

When I was a junior high school student in 1980, God gave me a gift, it was happiness.

One weekend, I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside. On my way home a car ran over me and cut off my arms because it rushed so fast. Several days later when I woke up at the hospital, I realized I had to spend the rest of my life without arms. How sad I felt at that time! Even I was full of fears, but slowly I knew I had to face the fact and get it over. I couldn't get my arms back even though I cried every day.

However, it's easier saying than doing. It took me nearly half a year to get out of the sadness completely. I got so much from my past story.

From then on, I could treat my life with a normal mind. But in our daily life, I often see my classmates get worried about little things: They get a bad grade on a test; their bus comes late; they don't have a mobile phone, but others have, and so on. But I only enjoy life. I was lucky to realize from an accident. It is not a good idea to keep thinking about what you don't have. We should always think of what we have. So why are so many people unhappy? Someone may say, "My whole life would improve if I have a new car. " But when you get the new car and what happens? For a whole week you are walking on air. Then you go right back to being unhappy.

Happiness depends on what we have. It's in our heart. It's a state of mind. Even though you own the whole world, you may still feel unhappy. Happiness comes from mastering the art of appreciating(感激)and taking pleasure in what you really have.

阅读理解

Do you have any online classes? It is possible to take classes at home. All you need is a computer and a headset.

However, most students don't seem to like online classes. According to a recent survey, only 33 percent of the students would take such classes. Over 1, 500 students from 10 cities took part in the survey.

Many students said it was hard to focus on studying while taking online classes. This was true for Lian Ruohan, 15, at the Affiliated High School of Peking University. "There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me. I can surf the Internet or do other things if I want to. It's harder to always stay focused, " she said.

Lian prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention. She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers. Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes.

Wen Jiayi, 14, at Yucai Middle School Attached to Chengdu No. 7 High School, thinks online interaction (互动) isn't enough. "The online teachers don't really get to know me. When I don't hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern (关心), " she said.

However, online classes still have advantages. "It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don't understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again, " Lian said.

阅读理解

The idea that red means stop and green means go has influenced our lives in more ways than just traffic signals. We have been taught from a young age that the colour red means danger and green means it is okay to move forward. But why were those colours chosen for traffic lights in the first place? For something we have to look at every day, why couldn't they have been prettier colours?

Well, it's important to know that before traffic lights for cars, there were traffic signals for trains. At first, railway companies used red to mean stop, white to mean go, and green to mean warn. As you could imagine, trains ran into a few problems with white meaning go. For example, one train mistook a bright star for a white light and something unexpected happened. Because of that, railway companies finally moved green meaning go and used yellow to mean warn. And it's been that way ever since.

Red has always been a colour that meant danger, long before cars were even around. This most likely started because it's  the colour with the longest wavelength   (波长) so it can be seen somewhere farther than other colours.

But, believe it or not, yellow was once used to mean stop. Back in the 1900s, some stop signs were yellow because it was too hard to see a red sign in a poorly lit area. Finally, highly reflective materials (高反射材料) were developed and red stop signs were born. Since yellow can be seen well at all times of the day, school zones, some traffic signs, and school buses continue to be painted yellow.

So next time you're impatiently waiting at a traffic light, don't get so mad at them; they've certainly come a long way.