吉林省吉林市2022届高三上学期第一次调研测试英语试题

On Aug. 13, four Chinese irrigation (灌溉) sites won global recognition and were added to the 2018 list of Heritage Irrigation Structures. Let's look at these amazing sites.

Dujiangyan

Dujiangyan is the oldest and only surviving dam-less irrigation system in the world. More than 2,000 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent flooding from the Minjiang River. Li Bing, a local official, studied the situation and designed the Dujiangyan irrigation system, which could control the water flow from the mountains to the Chengdu Plain throughout the year.

The Dujiangyan irrigation system has created harmony between man, earth and water. It is the last remaining ecological project of its kind.

Changqu Canal

Changqu Canal is in the city of Xianyang in Hubei province. It is 48 km long and was originally used to transport soldiers. It was later used for irrigation – in fact, it is still used to provide water to more than 20 square km of farmland.

"The recognition of irrigation heritage is intended to help us better use ancient irrigation projects that are still functioning and preserve our precious historical and cultural heritage," says a notice on the official website of the Hubei provincial government.

Lingqu Canal

Lingqu Canal is located in Xing'an county, near Guilin, Guangxi province. As the oldest canal in the world, it has been described as "another wonder of the world". The design of the canal is unique. "It magically shows the ease of transportation along the north and south waterways," according to the Travel China Guide.

Jiang-Xi Dam

The Jiang-Xi Dam in Zhejiang province actually consists of two dams–the Jiang and Xi dams. Built in the 14th century it improved life for local people for centuries. "It not only plays an important role in irrigation, but also responds to environmental governance," said Ding Kunlun, vice chairman of International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage.

Chusovitina announced retirement on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games. After failing to secure a spot in Sunday's final, the 46-year-old, representing Uzbekistan, waved to the crowd inside Tokyo's Ariake Gymnastics Center, made a heart shape with her hands and briefly cried. All people present gave Chusovitina a standing applause as she left the sport's biggest stage for the last time.

Born in Uzbek in 1976, Chusovitina took up gymnastics at 7. "My mother did not want me to do gymnastics. I wanted to prove I was not doing it in vain, and I succeeded in that," Chusovitina once said.

She made her Olympic debut (首秀）at the 1992 Barcelona Games as part of the gold medal-winning team, consisting of athletes from former Soviet Union. She then represented Uzbekistan, before being given German citizenship in 2006. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Games for Germany, but switched back to competing for Uzbekistan in 2013. Chusovitina is one of just two female gymnasts to represent three different nations at the Olympic Games.

When Chusovitina's 3-year-old son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she sold her possessions and used any prize money she earned to pay for his medical treatment. Her switch to German citizenship was motivated by the promise of a higher income and better medical care.

After her son's recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going. "I just love gymnastics. I do so with pleasure," she said.

Chusovitina has become a global fan favorite. She was introduced into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2017, and last year was named the Best Athlete of the Decade by Uzbekistan.

"My son is 22 years old and I want to spend time with him," she told reporters. "I want to be a mom and wife."

Crying is generally associated with negative emotions like being sad or frustrated, making this natural emotional state something that many people try to avoid. Yet a new study, which sought to better understand the physiological function of shedding tears, suggests that crying is actually kind of good for you. Specifically, it turns out that crying supports the regulation(调控) of breathing during a stressful event.

Sharman headed the research and said crying was previously thought to help humans deal with stressful situations, which led them to testing the idea. Researchers invited 197 undergraduate students to watch sad videos for 17 minutes. About half of them ended up crying. All of the students then participated in the Cold Pressor Stress Test. Researchers monitored their heart and respiration activity during this stress test.

Researchers were surprised when they found that those who cried were not better able to deal with the stress test than those who did not cry. However, they did come across an unexpected finding: evidence that participants who cried were better able to regulate their breathing.

"Firstly, crying doesn't seem to provide any change to stress hormones(激素) or our ability to deal with physical stress to a degree that might be meaningful if you hurt yourself. Secondly, what was our main finding, is that crying seems to assist in keeping our body stable and calm by slowing down and regulating our breathing and our heart rate," Sharman told PsyPost.

However, there are some limitations to the findings. "We don't know if these reactions are typical in real-world settings where you might be crying because of sadness or loss, for example, or if there are differences if someone else is present with you when you cry, " Sharman said.

When you are sick, you may dream: if only I had been given an injection against diseases before my birth. It is not a dream now.

On Nov. 26, He Jiankui from Guangdong announced the birth of healthy twin girls, Lulu and Nana, earlier in the month. They came into being via external fertilization with gene editing technology that protected them from HIV infection.

The reaction to his announcement was explosive. China's Ministry of Science and Technology has cooperated with other departments to investigate He's project. In a signed open letter released on Nov. 27, 140 Chinese researchers in HIV/AIDS from China and abroad condemned the research. They questioned the need for He's project. The letter said that there are many treatments that prevent babies born to HIV-positive parents from being infected. In fact, there are many drugs for this.

Until now, there has only been gene editing research on faulty embryos. The research only went ahead when it was clear that children would have terrible diseases. But even this research is controversial.

The idea that research could find ways to switch off genes that cause cancer may be exciting, but it is also troubling. There are worries about babies that are designed to be superior, with better looks and above average skills. People are also concerned that gene editing changes the human genome, which means that changes will be handed onto future generations and spread through the population. Such research also raises ethical questions. If the technology becomes available, who will be able to use it? Will it be only the wealthy? And if people live much longer lives, will there be an effect on the size of the world population?

Those questions are difficult to answer. But one thing is certain: If the cures have the potential to affect not just those who are treated, but the human population as a whole, it's important to ensure that scientific advances aren't getting too far ahead of our understanding of how to use them.

Searching for a way to be happier? Seeking deeper connections with friends or looking for more friends? Want to relate better to other people?

Compassion, as one scholar describes it, is "experiencing feelings of loving kindness toward another person's suffering". The compassionate often have deeper connections with others and more friends. They are more forgiving and have stronger sense of life purpose.  The compassionate are usually happier, healthier, more self-confident, and less self-critical.

 All you need is a quiet place. In that quiet space, sit in a comfortable position. Focus on your breath and try to clear your mind. Then mentally focus on your heart area and think about someone you feel tenderness (亲切) toward. This could be your friend or your family. Then expand that feeling to yourself and to others. As time goes by, add more people to that circle. This may sound a little strange.

Even short-term exercises like this broaden your attention, your thinking and your overall sense of well-being in a way that lasts.  Compassion helps your brain become more flexible, and lets your brain have a wider sense of what's going on, and it gives you access to more ideas on how to act.

This practice is beneficial to physical health and can help reduce physical signs of stress. And the happiness that can come from compassion training is the kind that lasts.

A. But studies have shown this simple exercise really strengthens your sense of compassion.

B. Practicing compassion doesn't have to cost you money.

C. That's in part because it changes your brain.

D. Compassion means a lot in our daily life.

E. Try a little compassion.

F. Your brain is one of the most important parts in your body.

G. Compassion also has direct personal benefit.

Lifeart is a student-run organization founded by my friend at my school in Boston. It 1 its members to make artwork to sell for funding cancer research. 2 the students at our school can support us only so much, we went to the 3 of Boston one spring day to sell our artwork to the public.

We 4 a stand near the entrance of a subway station, 5 that people might be more likely to 6 our artwork when heading home. The situation was quite hard to 7 at first. It was windy that day, so our canvases (帆布) kept on 8. Being shy as well, we were 9 to ask people if they would consider buying our artwork. I suddenly had great 10 for vendors (商贩) . We were also afraid of being 11. Did we need a license? We weren't sure of what we were doing, and we didn't have teachers to 12 in for damage control. Thankfully, no one drove us away.

13, a braver girl, Luna, approached our first 14. Although he did not buy anything, it 15 a little courage in the rest of us. Gradually, our 16 grew with each new customer Luna had led to our little stand. In a pure act of courage, I talked to a Korean woman passing by. I felt a bit 17 when she said that she didn't have time, but my courage had 18 with this short conversation with a stranger. I went on talking to more people.

At the end of the day, we sold a large amount of artwork. It might not have been as much as we expected, but we 19 that the experience of gaining and 20 our courage made up for the day's shortcomings. I look forward to another one of these trips.

September usually marks the start of a new season. In the UK, people will tell you it's "autumn". However, across the Atlantic people tend  (use) both "fall" and "autumn" when referring to this time of year. Why does it have to be so  (confuse)?

Before both words came into  (exist) in the vocabulary, the seasons separating the cold and warm months didn't have common names. The main work people did during the pre-winter period was harvesting crops, so it  (call) "harvest" in Old English.

Then, in the 1600s, more people left the farmland and moved into cities.  farming, the term "harvest" became less useful to citizens. Some English speakers needed  different name for the season. They knew  (leaf) fell from trees during that season, so people called the season "the fall of the leaf", or "fall" for short.

But by the end of the 1600s, autumn,  came from the French word "autompne", had been introduced in England and overtook (超过) "fall" as the standard term for the harvesting season. At the same time, some British were making their first voyages to North America. They  (bring) "fall" and "autumn" with them. Today, using both words to describe the season is  (unique) American.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

A one-day event gave me a chance to see how farming is all about. After a two-hour drive, we reached countryside. The fresh air and open land made me excited, but I quickly threw me into hands-on work in the fields. Following some farmers instructions, I did the work for the whole afternoon. It included harvesting crops, tie them up and moving them to a warehouse (仓库). As the Chinese poem is goes, every grain on the plate come from hard work. I now understand how farther it travels from the farm to the plate. I'll value food and not be too particular in it any more.

1）你最喜欢的一项体育运动;

2）你喜欢这项运动的原因；

3）你参加这项运动的情况。

注意:

1）词数 100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）;

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Henry,

I'm glad to share my favorite sport with you.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua