贵州安顺县、织金县及丹寨县是以苗族为主体的多民族聚居区，在与外界长期隔绝的艰苦环境中，居民逐渐形成了     的生活方式，古老的墙染技艺因此得以保留下来。在这里，所有的女性都有义务传承蜡染技艺，每位母亲都必须教会自己的女几制作蜡染，所以苗族女性自动学习栽靛植棉、纺纱织布、画蜡挑秀、浸染剪裁，这一习俗       。因而，在这些苗族聚居区逐渐以蜡染艺术为主导凝聚了关于服饰、婚姻、节日的风俗文化。苗族蜡染从图案上可分为几何纹和自然纹两类。被誉为“东方第一染”的安顺苗族蜡染以几何纹为主，图案结构松散造型生动：织全苗族蜡染布满几何螺旋纹，图案结构相互交错，      ；丹寨苗族蜡染更喜欢采用以自然纹为主的大花，造型生动简练传神，乡土气息浓厚。无论几何纹还是自然纹．蜡染图蒙造型简单质补而又      ， 都融入了苗族妇女的审美观念。

—________. It's four years since I worked there.

杨震字伯起，弘农华阴人也。少好学，受《欧阳尚书》于太常桓郁。明经博览，无不穷究。诸儒为之语日“关西孔子杨伯起”。大将军邓骘闻其贤而辟之，举茂才 ， 四迁荆州刺史、东莱太守。震性公廉，不受私谒。子孙常蔬食步行，故旧长者或欲令为开产业，震不肯，日：“使后世称为清白吏子孙，以此遗之，不亦厚乎！”永宁二年，邓太后崩，内宠始横。安帝乳母王圣，因保养之勤，缘恩放恣；而圣子女伯荣骄淫尤甚，与故朝阳侯刘护从兄瑰交通，瑰还以为妻，得袭护爵，位至侍中。震深疾之，诣阙上疏日：“臣闻高祖与群臣约，非功区不得封，故经制父死子继，兄亡弟及，以防篡也。今瑰无佗功行，但以配阿母女，一时之间，既位侍中，又至封候，不稽旧制，不合经义。陛下宜览镜既往，顺常之则。”书奏不省。寻有河间男子赵腾诣阙上书，指陈得失。帝发怒，还收考诏狄。结以周上不道。震复上疏救之日：“今赵腾所坐激讦谤语为罪，与手刃犯法有差。乞为亏除，全腾之命，以诱刍荛舆人之言。”帝不省，腾竞伏尸都市。会三年春，东巡岱宗 ， 樊丰等因乘舆在外，竞修第宅，震部搀高舒召大匠令史考校之，得丰等所诈下诏书，具奏，须行还上之。丰等闻，性怖，会太史言星变逆行，退共谮震云：“自赵腾死后，深用怨怼；且邓氏故吏，有志恨之心。”及车驾行还，夜遣使者策收震太尉印绶，于是柴门绝宾客。丰等复恶之，乃请大将军耿宝春震不服罪，怀志望，有诏遗归本郡。震行至城西几阳亭，乃慷慨谓其诸子门人日：“死者士之常分吾蒙恩居上司疾好臣狡猾而不能诛恶裝女倾乱而丕能楚何西且复见日月身死之且以杂本为棺勿归冢次勿设祭祠。”因饮鸩而卒，时年七十余。

(节选自《后汉书．杨震列传》)

从下面三个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。150字左右。

①文学作品中的人物都有自己的朋友圈，请从《呐喊》《边城》《平凡的世界》《红岩》《老人与海》中选择两个人物，描述他们朋友关系的情节。要求：描写为主，符合原著。

②作为北京新高考改革“3+3”模式的第一届学生，请你结合自己的学习体验，为高一同学提出学习建议。要求：合理、具体、切实。

③当代榜样时时感染着我们。请以“榜样”为题，写一首诗或一段抒情文字，表达你的赞美之情和敬佩之意。要求：感情真挚，富有文采。

她说：“我们要松弛下来，要发现孩子的喜爱，要尊重孩子的个性，要引领孩子发现自我，而不是一定要考上名牌大学。”而她说：“我们必须拼了，要不停地刷题，要死记硬背，要用填鸭式教育逼孩子走出贫困和大山，要考上浙大、武大、厦大和川大。”她们，一个是清华大学副教授刘瑜，一个是华坪女中的老校长、2020年感动中国的张桂梅老师。

即将参加高考的你，对这两种截然不同的教育观，有怎样的感悟和思考？请写一篇文章。

要求：①选好角度，确定立意，题目自拟。②明确文体，不得写成诗歌。③不得少于800字。④不得抄袭、套作。

褚遂良博涉文史，尤工隶书 ， 父友欧阳询甚重之。太宗尝谓侍中魏徵曰：“虞世南死后，无人可以论书。”徵曰：“褚遂良下笔遒劲，甚得王逸少体。”太宗尝出御府金帛购求王羲之书迹，天下争赍古书诣阙以献，当时莫能辩其真伪，遂良备论所出，一无舛误。贞观十五年，迁谏议大夫，兼知起居事。太宗尝问：“卿知起居，记录何事，大抵人君得观之否？”遂良对曰：“今之起居，古左右史，书人君言事，且记善恶，以为鉴诚，庶几人主不为非法。不闻帝王躬自观史。”太宗曰：“朕有不善，卿必记之耶？”遂良曰：“守道不如守官，臣职当载笔，君举必记。”遂良前后谏奏及陈便宜书数十上，多见采纳。二十一年，以本官检校大理卿，寻丁父忧，解。二十三年，太宗寝疾，召遂良及长孙无忌入卧内，谓之曰：“卿等忠烈，简在朕心。昔汉武寄霍光，刘备托葛亮，朕之后事，一以委卿。”高宗即位，赐爵河南县公。永徽六年，高宗将废皇后王氏，立昭仪武氏为皇后，召太尉长孙无忌、司空李勣及遂良以筹其事。遂良曰：“皇后出自名家，先朝所娶，伏事先帝，无愆妇德。先帝不豫，执陛下手以语臣曰：‘我好儿好妇，今将付卿。’陛下亲承德音言犹在耳皇后自此未闻有愆恐不可废臣今不敢曲从上违先帝之命特愿再三思审。愚臣上忤圣颜，罪合万死，但愿不负先朝厚恩，何顾性命！”遂良致笏于殿陛，曰：“还陛下笏此。”乃解巾叩头流血。帝大怒，令引出。长孙无忌曰：“遂良受先朝顾命，有罪不加刑。”翌日，帝谓李勣曰：“册立武昭仪之事，遂良固执不从。遂良既是受顾命大臣，事若不可，当且止也。”勣对曰：“此乃陛下家事，不合问外人。”帝乃立昭仪为皇后，左迁遂良潭州都督。显庆二年，转桂州都督。未几，又贬为爱州刺史。明年，卒官，年六十三。

（选自《旧唐书·褚遂良传》，有删改）

水调歌头·过岳阳楼作

（宋）张孝祥^①

湖海倦游客，江汉有归舟。西风千里，送我今夜岳阳楼。日落君山云气，春到沅湘草木，远思渺难收。徙倚栏干久，缺月挂帘钩。

雄三楚，吞七泽，隘九州。人间好处，何处更似此楼头？欲吊沉累^②无所，但有渔儿樵子，哀此写离忧。回首叫虞舜^③ ， 杜若^④满芳洲。

【注释】①张孝祥（1132-1169）：南宋著名词人。此词作于作者请祠侍亲获准后，乘舟沿江东归途中。②沉累：指屈原。③虞舜：虞是传说中远古部落名，就是有虞氏，舜为其领袖，故称虞舜。④杜若：一种芳草。

多喝水是不能治疗感冒的，但是在传统观念中感冒期间需要多喝水。这是因为感冒期间人体会有头疼、咽痛或浑身酸痛等表现，喝水确实能够缓解感冒的一些症状。普通感冒是一种自限性疾病，无论是否用药，随着时间的推移，一般经过五到七天之后，。我们每天的饮水量应该在1500mL～2000ml，但是感冒期间如果一味地大量饮水，就会容易造成水中毒，即造成低钠血症、细胞水肿，这时会出现头晕无力等表现，所以。此外，一些具有基础病变的患者，如心功能或肾功能受损者，多喝水反而，更不利于感冒的恢复。

    They tell the story of a mountain climber who, desperate to conquer the Aconcagua, started his climb after years of preparation. But he wanted the 1 all to himself, therefore, he went up 2.

    He began climbing and it was becoming late. He did not prepare for 3, and decided to keep on going. Soon it got dark. Night fell with heaviness at a very high altitude. Visibility(能见度) was 4. Everything was black. There was no moon, 5 the stars were covered by clouds.

    As he was climbing a ridge at about 100 meters from the top, he 6 and fell. Falling rapidly, he could only see marks of darkness that passed. He felt a terrible sensation of being 7 in by gravity. He kept falling and in those painful moments, good and bad memories 8 his mind. He thought certainly he would die.

    But then he felt a jolt(震动，摇晃) that almost 9 him in half. Yes! 10 any good mountain climber he had supported himself with a long rope 11 to his waist. In those moments of stillness, hanging in the 12, he had no other choice but to shout, “Help me, God! Help me!”

    All of a sudden he heard a 13 voice from heaven, “What do you want me to do?”

    “Save me”.

    “Do you really think that I can save you?”

    “Of course, my God.”

    “Then 14 the rope that is holding you up.”

    There was another moment of silence and stillness. The man just held tighter to the rope. The 15 team says that the next day they found a 16 mountain climber handing strongly to a rope … TWO FEET 17 the ground.

    As the story suggests, sometimes you have to have some 18.If you cut the rope and 19 the result might be out of your 20.

Hillary Rodham Clintons，a Strongwoman

    There are many Hillary Rodham Clintons— the experienced lawyer, the best-selling author, and the first US First Lady to be elected to the United States Senate (参议院).

    Born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 26, 1947, Hillary's childhood was happy and she was well educated. Her parents encouraged her to take up anything that interested her and to be strong.

    When young Hillary returned home from school with straight A's, her father remarked that it must be an easy school. The girl once ran back home crying after someone had hit her at school, but her mother wouldn't let her in. "There is no room in this house for cowards (懦夫)," said her mother.

    A little older, young Hillary put all of her energy into politics. As a student leader, she discussed political issues with friends and researched social problems.

    She entered Wellesley College in 1965. Graduating with high honors, then in 1969, Hillary entered Yale Law School, where she met Bill Clinton, a fellow law student. They got married in 1975. The former president often recalls the day when Hillary went to him and said, "If you're going to keep staring at me, I might as well introduce myself." The two soon became partners in moot court (模拟法庭), political campaigns, and the journey of love.

    When Bill was elected president in 1992, Hillary wasn't content with just being First Lady. From working to reform national healthcare to fighting for the rights of the poor, she refused to stop fighting for what she believed in.

    She was often criticized by her husband's opponents for actively involving herself in politics. But in keeping with her personality, Hillary always kept her head held high.

    "When she takes on a project, she works tirelessly until it is completed," said Betty Lowe, an old friend of the Clintons.

    Women's International Center proudly gave the Living Legacy Award to Hillary Rodham Clinton for her great contributions in so many fields, especially honouring her work for women and children.

    On December 1, 2008, US President-elect Barack Obama nominated(提名)Hillary as Secretary of State.

蝶恋花•月下醉书雨岩石浪

辛弃疾

九畹芳菲兰佩好①。空谷无人，自怨蛾眉巧。宝瑟泠泠千古调，朱丝弦断知音少。

冉冉年华吾自老。水满汀洲，何处寻芳草?唤起湘累②歌未了，石龙舞罢松风晓。

注：①《离骚》云：“纫秋兰以为佩。”屈原常用香草和美人来比喻自己高洁的操守。②湘累：指屈原。冤屈而死叫“累”。

新近召开的中共中央政治局会议提出，要持续扩大国内需求，克服疫情影响，扩大最终消费，为居民消费升级创造条件。这既遵循了经济发展的规律，也是做好当前经济工作，努力完成全年经济社会发展目标任务的正确选项。

当前经济形势仍然复杂严峻，不稳定性不确定性较大，但从长远、宏观整体、消费观念，尤其是代际消费看，消费升级则是非常确定的。可以从消费内容、消费形式和消费观念三个层面具体分析消费升级及其应对政策。

消费内容升级主要看人口结构决定的消费结构。例如，截至去年底，上海户籍人口中60岁及以上人口为35.2%，预计到2030年、2040-2050年将分别达到40%和44.5%，由此将产生医疗、康复、养老服务、护理等“银发经济”需求，适应这种消费升级要求提升养老产业的品质化、品牌化、规模化、连锁化、云端化，增加和完善养老设施、标准和相关专业人员。又如，随着一代人的老去，社会消费结构也将改变，新生代年轻人正在不断抬升消费倾向，他们追求住房、交通通信、教育、文娱，尤其是网游、运动等服务消费和新型消费，必将使消费结构出现新的变化。比如，年轻人几乎都有学车、购车、驾车旅游的内在需求，上海降低考驾照、拍车牌的成本，大力发展汽车消费金融和汽车租赁，就是为满足这种消费升级创造条件。

从消费方式升级看，过去以实体店零售为主，消费只是单向地购买和使用商品。如今，互动式消费、线上线下相结合、线上直播和折扣带货反哺线下、粉圈消费、网红消费、社群团购等成为消费的主要形式，夜间经济、“宅经济”成为新亮点，在线教育、在线医疗、在线金融等非接触式消费全面爆发。例如，上海在首创的“五五购物节”期间，两个月共实现线上线下销售5397亿元，其中线上零售额2551亿元，同比增长23.5%，盒马、叮咚买菜线上销售额同比增速分别超过90%和120%。杨浦区的创智汇围绕夜购、夜食、夜娱等核心需求，打造出了夜间经济的新亮点。

从消费观念升级看，消费的目的是满足个人生理和心理需求，并具有可持续性。因此，从过去炫富式、物质化、跟风式消费向实用化、体验化、绿色化消费转变，都是消费观念升级的体现。上海倡导垃圾分类和健康、绿色消费理念，不仅有利于促进居民消费观念的转变与升级，也会带来新的消费需求。

现在疫情防控局势平稳，经济运行基本恢复，扩大需求有两条途径。一是依靠加大财政支出、发消费券等政策从需求端发力被动地拉动需求；二是为消费转型与升级创造条件，培育新的消费热点，从供给端发力主动地推动需求。实践证明，面对经济下行的压力，在适度扩大总需求的同时，着力加强供给侧结构性改革，才能使经济发展行稳至远。

(摘编自张鑫《为居民消费升级创造条件，供给侧如何发力》， 2020 年8月《文汇时评》)

    The U. S. Postal Service (USPS) is losing billions of dollars a year. The government company that delivers "small mail" is losing out to email and other types of electronic communication. First-class mail amount fell from a high point of 104 million pieces in 2000 to just 64 million pieces by 2014.

    Congress permits the 600.000-empIoyee USPS to hold a monopoly (垄断) over first-class and standard mail. The company pays no federal, state or local taxes; pays no vehicle fees; and is free from many regulations on other businesses. Despite these advantages, the USPS has lost $52 billion since 2007, and will continue losing money without major reforms.

    The problem is that Congress is preventing the USPS from reducing costs as its sales decline, and is blocking efforts to end Saturday service and close unneeded post office locations. USPS also has a costly union-dominated workforce that slows the introduction of new ideas or methods down. USPS workers earn significantly higher payment than comparable private-sector workers. The answer is to privatize the USPS and open postal markets to competition. With the rise of the Internet, the argument that mail is a natural monopoly that needs government protection is weaker than ever.

    Other countries facing declining letter amounts have made reforms Germany and the Netherlands privatized their national postal companies over a decade ago, and other European countries have followed suit. Britain floated shares of the Royal Mail on its stock exchange in 2013. Some countries, such us Sweden and New Zealand, have not privatized their national postal companies, but they have opened them up to competition.

    These reforms have driven efficiency improvements in all of these countries. Additional number of workers have been reduced, productivity has risen and consumers have benefited. Also, note that cost-cutting measures—such as closing tone post offices—are good for both the economy and the environment.

    Privatization and competition also encourage new changes. When the USPS monopoly over "extremely urgent" mail was stopped in 1979, we saw an explosion in efficient overnight private delivery by firms such as FedEx.

    The government needs to wake up to changing technology, study postal reforms abroad and let businessmen reinvent our out-of-date postal system.