Family violence and abuse prevention strategies are focused at three levels: the general population, specific groups thought to be at high risk for abuse, and families who have already experienced abuse. Public education and media campaigns aimed at the general population convey the criminal nature of domestic assault, suggest ways to prevent abuse, and identify where abuse victims can get help. However, to prevent or reduce family violence, education, elements of American culture that contribute to such violence must change. For example, violence in the media must be controlled or eliminated, and traditional gender roles and views of women and children as property must be replaced with egalitarian gender roles and respect for women and children.
Another cultural change is to reduce violence-related stress by reducing poverty and unemployment and by providing adequate housing, nutrition, media care, and educational opportunities for everyone. Though programs such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) were not designed to prevent domestic violence and abuse, "they provide important assistance to low income families and thus support the functioning of these families." Integrating families into networks of community would also enhance family's well-being and provide support for families under stress.
What social interventions are available for families that are already experiencing abuse or neglected? Abused women and children may seek relief at a shelter or a safe house for abused women and children with housing, food, counseling services, legal assistance, employment assistance, and an environment that empowers women by encouraging them to make independent choices about their abusive relationships and about their future. Shelters also provide a communal living situation with other abused women, which reduces the sense of isolation and helps the women express their anger and overcome feelings of guilt and inadequacy. An alternative to shelter is a safe house, a private home of individuals who volunteer to provide temporary housing to abused women who decide to leave their violent homes. Battered men are not allowed to stay at women's shelters, but many shelters help abused men by providing money for a motel room, counseling, and support services.
例: . was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)
令球迷欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。
答案:What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted
知道你正在干什么,能降低失败的风险,这就像给自己的能力买了份保险。
由于没有说服我父母,我没能上戏剧学校,而那才是我的兴趣所在。
五年以来,总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。
白天干农活的时候,我总是把羊拴在河边的树上。
由于时间紧迫,我认为从这里去会议中心最好的办法是乘出租车。
光传播的速度快到我们难以想象。
上学时我遇到过很多老师,其中两位对我影响很大。
我不常丢东西,所以当我拿钱包却发现钱包不在时,大吃一惊。
据报纸报道,武汉正在建设几条新的地铁线路。
多数人认为,要不是受了重伤而告别足球,上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。
In the past decade, the use of social media has grown in a way that no one could have guessed. It has turned some teenagers into celebrities (名人) and turned the famous into the infamous, overnight.
A key feature of social media, however, is its volatility. Trends come and go, disappearing almost as quickly as they appeared. So, what were the key social media trends of 2018?
Short video apps such as TikTok and its Chinese equivalent Douyin, took the world by storm. The Telegraph reported that TikTok was ranked 8th on Apple's App Store in April. And Douyin had more than 300 million domestic monthly active users in June, CNBC said.
Why are these short videos – which are rarely longer than a few minutes – so popular? Jiang Yige, Singapore-based analyst at FengHe Fund Management, has a theory. Short videos are "just right to fill in the little gaps in our busy schedules," he told CNBC.
These videos – apart from being very convenient – are important to teenagers because they allow them to express themselves, according to Teen Vogue.
The sense of community that users of short video app get is another appealing feature. Liza Koshy, a user of the US app Musically who has over 2 million followers, said that she was thrilled when anyone said that her video had "inspired" them. "It's really cool … because I think as social creators that's what we all are," she added.
Live streaming is another feature of our social media life that now seems as natural as sunrise. It's a pretty neat idea: You can watch anyone, anywhere, live.
However, China has taken live streaming to a whole new level. In China, more than 100 million viewers monthly watch a live streaming video. Forbes thought that a number of factors had led to the popularity of live streams. Among them is viewers' ability to interact while remaining anonymous.
However, the boom in social media may be having side effects too. Fake news is one serious problem it arguably causes. Material shared on these platforms is often not checked for accuracy. The most basic content can be false and can sway users one way or another. We use social media all the time; that doesn't mean that we understand the influence it is having on us. We should be mindful of both the time we spend on it and its impact on our minds.
What do you usually do when a flying insect lands on your arm? Most likely you blow it away. But what if that bug were a ladybug (瓢虫)? Then chances are you would let it stay. What is it about ladybugs that we like?
Farmers once thought ladybugs were a good luck sign. A ladybug in the field meant that the crops (庄稼) would be successful and the weather would be good. The farmers may have been exaggerating (夸大) about what a very small bug can do, but in fact ladybugs do help out with the crops. They eat harmful insects.
Actually, it is not the adult ladybug that eats the other insects. It's the ladybug larvae (幼虫). Ladybugs lay their eggs on leaves that are covered with aphids or other insects. When the larvae come out of the eggs, they are very hungry and will eat mites, aphids, mealy bugs, green flies, and other crop-destroyers.
A single ladybug larva can eat over 1,000 aphids in one day. In the 1800s, ladybugs were brought all the way from Australia to California and set free among orange trees that were dying from being eaten by insects. The little red and black "eating machines" completely saved all the trees.
Ladybugs go about their daily business without worrying much about anything. Very few birds or insects will eat a ladybug because it gives off something that is dangerous to eat. Ladybugs also protect themselves by playing dead. They fall off leaves and remain very still until their enemy goes away.
So next time you see a ladybug, think about what it may be up to. Maybe it is off to save an orange tree. Maybe its next move will be to fall off a leaf and play dead or stand up to a bird about 100 times its size. Maybe it's letting you know that the weather will be good tomorrow. Who knows? Ladybugs are special that way.
I made a promise to myself on the way to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a1husband and father.2loving. No ifs, ands or buts.
I3the idea as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was reading a passage about husbands being4of their wives. Then he went on to say, "Love is an act of will. A person can choose to love." To myself; I had to admit (承认) that I had been a(n)5husband .Well, for two weeks that would6. And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, "That new yellow sweater looks great on you."
"Oh, Tom, you noticed," she said, surprised but7. Maybe a little confused
After the long8, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach I started to9, but then I thought, "Evelyn's been alone here with the kids all week and now she wants to10with me." We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.
So it went. Two weeks of not11the Wall Street firm where I am a manager; a visit to the shell museum12I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the whole vacation passed. I made a new promise to keep on remembering to13love.
There was one thing that went wrong with my14, however. Evelyn and I still15about it today. On the last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me sadly.
"What's the matter?" I asked her.
"Tom," she said in a voice filled with16. "do you know something I don't?"
"What do you mean?"
"Well... that17I had several weeks ago... our doctor... did he tell you something about me? Tom, you've been so good to me... am dying?"
It took a moment for it all to18. Then I laughed aloud.
"No, honey," I said,19her in my arms, "You're not dying; I'm just starting to20."
Turn on the TV or open a magazine and you ________ advertisements showing happy,
balance
d families.
A. are often seeing B. often see C. will often see D. have often seen
A Letter of Invitation
Dear Mr. Smith,
I'm writing (代表全班) to invite you to join us in
our English corner during the School English Week.
(按照计划),the activity will be held in the school lecture hall
from 4:30p.m. to 5:30p.m., when we will first (交换英语学习经验),
read aloud English poems and learn to sing some English songs. Then, we would like to ask you to (简介美国文化)so that we will have a better understanding of it.
I would appreciate it if you could come and have fun with us.
,(如有
任何特别要求请提前通知我们)and we can (做充分的准备)for you.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
A Letter of Thanks
Dear Mum and Dad,
I am writing to
(感谢你们在我18岁这一天送给我的生日卡和礼物).
I'd like to (表达我对你们18年以来为我做的一切的感激之情).
Reading the words you wrote on the card, I
(忍不住想起你所教我的一切,如独立、与人为善以及面对困难时保持勇敢).Thanks to
(你的鼓励和无
条件的爱),I believe that I will (不辜负你们
的期望)and become the one you are proud of.
Mum and Dad, I promise I will
(高考后为你做一顿大餐以表达我对你们的深爱).
Best wishes,
Yours,
Li Hua
A Letter of Apology
Dear Tom,
I'm writing to
,as (这周六无法按上周计划那样与你外
出郊游而道歉)I'm sorry for breaking my promise.
Actually, I've been expecting to meet you
(在我们约定的时间)to have a great time together. However, something unexpected happened. My grandfather, (他七十多岁),fell over and broke his leg yesterday while having a walk in the park. He
(受
伤如此重以致马上被送去医院).Now he (正
在接受治疗)there and I must look after him at the weekend.
I wonder (我们
下周天是否外出)if (你方便的话).
Again, I'm sorry for (我给
你带来的不便).
I'm looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling. One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago. Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen.
The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country’s bees. He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated(交配) it with the more easygoing native variety to produce a new kind of bees. The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey. It seemed that Professor Kerr, for that was the scientist’s name, had a total success on his hands.
Then things began to go wrong. For some reason as yet unseen, but perhaps as a result of something in their environment, the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities. They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry, attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places.
But worse was to follow. Having taken over the countryside, the new bees. With their dangerous stings(叮), began to attack its neighbors —cats,dogs,horses, chickens and finally man himself. A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings.
This would have been enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil. But now they are on the move, heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and Notth America, and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year. The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them.
56.The results of the South American experiment ____________
A. have caused a serious trouble B. have proved to be wrong
C. are not yet certain D. are not important
57.The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to _________
A. increase the amount of honey in Brazil B. make Brazilian bees more easy-going
C. increase the number of bees in Brazil D. make African bees less active
58.Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees’ attacking personalities?
A. Their production of honey B. Their hard work
C. Their living environment D. Their bad temper
59.The last paragraph implies that_____
A. the bees have been driven to Central and North America
B. the bees may bring about trouble in more countries
C. the bees must be stopped from moving north
D. the bees prefer to live in Brazil.
Kathy told me that all the doors and windows _______ when she arrived this morning.
A. have cleaned B. have been cleaned
C. had cleaned D. had been cleaned
Zebra crossings - the alternating dark and light stripes on the road surface - are meant to remind drivers that pedestrians may be trying to get across. Unfortunately, they are not very effective. A 1998 study done by the Department of Traffic Planning and Engineering at Sweden's Lund University, revealed that three out of four drivers maintained the same speed or even speeded up as they were approaching a crossing. Even worse? Only 5% stopped even when they saw someone trying to get across.
Now a mother-daughter team in Ahmedabad , India has come up with a clever way to get drivers to pay more attention ---A 3-D zebra crossing with an optical illusion (视错觉) .
Artists Saumya Pandya Thakkar and Shakuntala Pandya were asked to paint the crosswalks by IL&FS, an Indian company that manages the highways in Ahmedabad. The corporation was looking for a creative solution to help the city's residents to cross the busy accident-prone (易出事故的) roads safely. Thakkar and Pandya, who had previously seen images of 3-D zebra crossings that gave drivers the illusion of logs(原木)of wood on the streets in Taizhou, China, decided to test if a similar way would work in India.
Sure enough, in the six months that the 3-D crosswalks have been painted across four of the city's most dangerous highways, there have been no accidents reported! The artists say that while it may appear that the zebra crossing could cause the drivers to brake suddenly and endanger the vehicles behind, such is not the case. Because of the way the human eye works, the illusion is only visible from a distance. As they get closer, the painting looks just like any other ordinary zebra crossing. The creators hope that their smart design will become increasingly common throughout India and perhaps even the world. So let's look forward to it.
32. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. Most drivers will slow down at zebra crossings
B Common zebra crossings don't function well
C Drivers have to stop when approaching zebra crossings
D. About 95% of the drivers choose to speed up when approaching zebra crossings
33. Why do drivers seeing the 3-D zebra crossings slow down?
A. Because the drivers consider the safety of pedestrians
B Because the drivers mistake them for logs of wood on the streets
C. Because the drivers are afraid of being fined for breaking the traffic rules
D. Because the drivers don't want to brake suddenly and endanger the vehicles behind
34. The last paragraph is mainly about____
A. the theory of the 3-D zebra crossings
B. the popularity of the 3-D zebra crossings
C. the shortcoming of the 3-D zebra crossings
D. the positive effect of the 3-D zebra crossings
35. What is the author's attitude towards the 3-D zebra crossings?
A. Cautious B. Doubtful C. Approving D. Disapproving
George Gershwin,born in 1898,was one of America’s greatest composers.He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.
Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.Many of his songs have remained popular as ever.Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.
In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.Could jazz,some people asked,be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it.And in that short time,he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.
In 1928,Gershwin went to Paris.He applied to study composition(作曲)with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger,but she rejected him.She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style.While there,Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.When it was first performed,critics(评论家)were divided over the music.Some called it happy and full of life,to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his most famous works.
George Gershwin died in 1937,just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer.He was only thirty-nine years old.Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.
1.Many of Gershwin’s musical works were .
A.written about New Yorkers
B.composed for Paul Whiteman
C.played mainly in the countryside
D.performed in various ways
2.What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?
A.He created one of his best works.
B.He studied with Nadia Boulanger.
C.He argued with French critics.
D.He changed his music style.
3.What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A.Many of Gershwin’s works were lost.
B.The death of Gershwin was widely reported.
C.A concert was held in memory of Gershwin.
D.Brain cancer research started after Gershwin’s death.
4.Which of the following best describes Gershwin?
A.Talented and productive.
B.Serious and boring.
C.Popular and unhappy.
D.Friendly and honest.