Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.

On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.

Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.

No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.   

32. The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.

A. keep                   B.  build                    C. recreate                D. evaluate

33. According to the author, the teacher should _______.

A. free students from outside pressures

B. set the standards and rules on his own

C. be responsible for a well-organized class

D. focus more on instruction and evaluation

34. From the passage we can learn that ______.

A. rules cannot be changed once they’re formed

B. outside pressures can not cause tension among students

C. if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task

D. if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess

35. What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

A. To provide information for teaching.

B. To show the importance of teaching a class.

C. To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.

D. To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.

     生活中困难不可避免，面对困难需要信心。假如你是李华，尝试举例说明信心在学习、考试、生活等方面的作用，并就面对困难的态度谈谈你的看法。

注意：

(1)可适当加入发挥，以使行文连贯;

(2)词数：100左右。

______________________________________________________________________

How to Make Sure You Enjoy Your Trip

    A trip is a planned destination where one arranges in advance in which the main purpose is to search for adventure and to create a memorable moment.Here are the steps on how to make sure your trip is enjoyable.

●Plan it well.Trips are ideally planned for it to go well.___16___A check list is helpful,making sure you’ve got all your needs.

●Pack necessities.Bring what you need.Trips are short journeys and belong to the sub-level of traveling.Pack only the things you need.___17___

    ●Be safe.To be cautious is smart.No matter what you are up to,surfing,cliff diving,snowboarding,scuba diving...,it is always recommended to be safe.___18___Don’t be stubborn and put yourself in harm when there are precautions.

●___19___You may see delays,a different culture,lifestyle,food,and even a shortage of cash sometimes-this is all what travel is about-experiencing things with a new perspective.Once you expect to experience new things,you’ll be a happy traveler and free from stress.

●Save the memory.___20___This is not one of those regular days so you ought to save the moment.It will make your trip more enjoyable after all that craziness;you get something to review the good times.

A.Travel with an open mind.

B.Get prepared for everything new.

C.This is all we expect from a trip.

D.Seize the moment by taking pictures.

E.It is important to wear protective equipment when advisable.

F.It is easy to get tired if you have too many things in your package.

G.Take your time,a day or a week ahead to make a plan for your trip.

For her, happiness ________ helping those in trouble.

A. consists of  B. consists in﹙在于﹚

C. makes up     D. lie in﹙在于﹚

Services

Window Cleaning Available

       Professional traditional method only! Cleaning glass for over 10 years! Prices start from ￡3.50 to ￡7.00. Disabled discounts available! No chemicals! We have space available on our round covering all areas of the west Midlands.

       Phone: 07775 359361

Smart Home

       At Smart Home we provide our customers with a range of home assistant services, including pre move-in and post renovation(翻修)cleaning, pest control, air-conditioning maintenance(维修) and deep cleaning services.

       Phone: 08825 378451

Healing, Balance And Relaxing Massage(按摩)Treatments

Focus on high-quality service and customer satisfaction! A variety of offerings to choose from!

       -Relaxing massage ￡25/hour

       -Hot stone massage ￡35/hour

       -Deep tissue massage ￡30/hour

Special offer! Add the Indian head massage for only extra ￡10

       Phone : 07432 256741

Year 2---6 Math And English Tutoring

       I am an A level student now studying Biology, Chemistry and Physics. I achieved a B in Math and a B in English GCSE level of education. I am fond of tutoring children from year 2 to year 6 in order to prepare them for their SATS in both year 2 and year 6 and help them achieve the best level possible.

       Phone: 07446 251339

1. If customers need thorough household cleaning service, they should _________.

       A. call 07446 251339                                                   B. call 07432 256741

       C. call 07775 359361                                                  D. call 08825 378451

2. Two hours’ hot stone massage and extra Indian head massage will cost you _________.

       A. ￡45                       B. ￡80                       C. ￡70                             D. ￡35

3. Which advertisement can provide service to improve academic performance?

       A. Smart Home.                           

       B. Window Cleaning Available.

       C. Year 2---6 Math And English Tutoring.       

       D. Healing, Balance And Relaxing Massage Therapies.

假定英文课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。

修改：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

      2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I'd like to talking about my most memorable experience.It was trip to Australia I had three years before with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plant in my life.My mum worried a lot,so everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two week and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our performances there,we have much excitement.We spent on almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and swam in the blue sea.But warmly Australian nights were which I adored most of all.It was a time of joy.light .music and summer parties.

下面是一篇应用文及其应用场合的信息，请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先，请阅读下面有关购车的五条建议：

A.   Don't assume that the sticker price is the purchase price.

To get the lowest price, go in with a starting price that's based not on the sticker price but on how much the dealer paid for the vehicle. A reasonable price to start negotiations is either 4 to 8 percent over what the dealer paid or the CR Wholesale Price, depending on the demand for the model.

B.   Do your homework.

Thoroughly research your choices. Read a variety of reviews. Check the reliability, safety, fuel economy, and pricing of any models you're considering. And don't wait until the day you plan to buy to test drive the vehicles. If you have a trade-in, know its approximate worth. That will depend on the vehicle's age, condition, mileage, and equipment, as well as where you trade it in.

C.  Negotiate one thing at one time。

        Make clear that you want the lowest possible mark-up over your starting price. Add that you intend to visit other dealerships selling the same vehicle and will buy from the dealer with the best price. Only after you’ve settled on the price should you discuss financing, leasing, or a trade-in, as necessary. Negotiate each item individually. Remember, you’re in charge and can leave at any time. Heading for the door can sometimes jump-start a slow-moving negotiation or bring a lower offer.

D.  Don’t pay for extras you don’t need.

        Don’t accept those unnecessary services and fees. If the items are on the bill of sale, put a line through them. Vehicle bodies are already coated to protect against rust. And CR reliability survey show that rust is not a major problem with modern cars. You can treat upholstery and apply paint protectant yourself with good off-the-shelf products. You can do your own VN etching with a kit that costs about $25.

E.   Other costs.

In addition to the vehicle price, you need to consider other costs, including: Sales tax; Registration fees; Insurance premiums Taxes and registration fees can increase your out-of-pocket cost by as much as 10 percent or more, and driving a car that’s worth more than your current one will cost more to insure. Be sure to check with your insurance agent or get insurance quotes online so you understand what you’re getting into.

F.    Arrange financing in advance.

Compare interest rates at several banks, credit unions, and loan organizations before checking the dealer's rates. If pre-approved for a loan（贷款）, you can keep financial arrangements out of the negotiations. Automakers may offer attractive financing terms, but make sure you qualify for them.

请结合以上建议，与下面的情形进行匹配。

46. Many dealerships prey on the unprepared. Going into a showroom “cold”-- without having gathered key facts and preliminary(初步的) pricing figures -- gives the salesperson too much control over the buying process.

47. The dealer invoice price is commonly available on Web sites and in pricing guides. But the invoice price isn't necessarily what the dealer paid. There are often behind-the-scenes bonuses（幕后红利）, such as dealer incentives（奖励） and holdbacks, that give the dealer more profit margin（空间）.

48. Salespeople like to mix financing, leasing, and trade-in negotiations together, often asking you to negotiate around a monthly payment figure. This tactic（策略） gives the dealer more latitude to offer you a favorable figure in one area while inflating（抬高）figures in another.

49. The salesperson may try to sign you up for a higher interest rate than you could get elsewhere.

50. Dealers often try to sellyou extras such as rust proofing, fabric protection, and paint protection or push etching your Vehicle Identification Number on windows to deter thieves.

在日常学习、工作和生活中，学会与人合作非常重要。为此，你班贴出了一张通知。 请根据通知、写作要点和要求写一篇英语演讲稿。

写作要点：

1.       与人合作的重要性。

2.       怎样成为一个好的合作伙伴 （2-3条建议）。

3.       你理想的合作伙伴是怎样的。

     写作要求：

1.       短文填写在答题卡的指定区域。

2.       短文词数不少于100(不含已写好的部分)。

3.       内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。

4.       书写须清楚、工整。

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

.....................................................................

My wife and I were attending a wedding at St. John’s Church. The sound of   41    rang to the heavens as the ceremony continued.

At the church, I    42    an old friend. Casper, who happened to be at the     43  . Now 73, Casper was a brilliant and   44     softball pitcher （投球手） back in the Men’s Leagues of  Philadelphia in the mid-60s. I did not   45     the now silver-haired fellow until my brother-in- law John mentioned his name to me! After a very pleasant    46     , Casper asked if I remembered a letter of    47   I had written to him back in 1964. It appeared Casper fell on hard times. as professional pitchers     48    do, and he wasn’t pitching too well for a period of time. I did not   49   the letter, but he said, “Yes, I still have it, and I read it anytime    50    aren’t going too well.” He said that he had read the letter many times, and the situation always seemed to improve. I was  51   and speechless!

He continued, “You don’t remember?” I said, “Sadly, no, I don’t.” But I did ask if I could have a(n)  52      of the letter. He said he would email it to me. After the     53   , we met on the steps of the church. Casper came up to me and    54   the letter. He lived a block from the    55     and had run home to get it. The envelope was   56  and turned yellow, and so was the letter inside. That letter had to be nearly 50 years old.

In     57     terms, the letter read:

“These hard times are    58     ! Keep your enthusiasm for the    59    . Never quit and you’ll be back on top again   60    . Hang on there!”

    41. A. wind                     B. music                   C. traffic           D. fireworks

    42. A. took over              B. ran into                  C. picked up         D. called on

    43. A. meeting                   B. service                   C. scene           D. position

    44. A. limited                 B. balanced              C. devoted       D. talented

    45. A. invite                    B. recognize            C. disturb          D. inform

    46. A. discussion                       B. shaking               C. journey       D. greeting

    47. A. encouragement          B. appreciation            C. apology           D. introduction

    48. A. sometimes                       B. entirely                 C. rarely              D. forever

    49. A. receive                      B. write                    C. remember          D. preserve

    50. A. jobs                          B. things                    C. Stages               D. effects

51. A. pleased                     B. disappointed          C. puzzled             D. annoyed

52. A. address                     B. copy                    C. record             D. opinion

53. A. party                        B. break                    C. wedding           D. incident

54. A. dropped                    B. delivered               C. opened           D. presented

55. A. theatre                             B. church                      C. office                      D. station

56. A. folded                       B. faded                    C. painted             D. divided

57. A. gentle                     B. patient                  C. modest             D. simple

58. A. reasonable               B. temporary         C. relative            D. impressive

59. A. game                        B. prize             C. glory                 D. lesson

60. A. casually                    B. properly             C. totally         D. shortly

The singer sang one more song at the _____ of enthusiastic fans.

   A. command    B. recognition     C. request     D. service

假如你是李华，2013年春节你的加拿大朋友David在中国过新年，体验中国文化。他在微博上说给他印象最深的除了中国丰富的民俗文化，就是餐桌上的浪费现象。请你用英语写一封回复邮件，内容包括：

1．对David表示问候；

2．你对餐桌上浪费现象的认识；

3．关于拒绝舌尖上的浪费，你自己的具体行动。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear David，

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

For many parents,raising a teenager is like fighting a long war,but years go by without any clear winner.Like a border conflict between neighboring countries,the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Both sides want peace,but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict.In part,this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.From the parents’ point of view,the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness.And of course,the teens see it in exactly the same way,except oppositely. Both feel trapped.

In this article,I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap.The first no-win situation is quarrel on unimportant things.Examples include the color of the teen’s hair,the cleanness of the bedroom,the preferred style of clothing,the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school,or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends.Second,blaming.The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong.Third,needing to be right.It doesn’t matter what the topic is--politics,the laws of physics,or the proper way to break an egg--the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong,for both wish to be considered an authority--someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect.Unfortunately,as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other,they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.

32.Why does the author compare the parent teen war to a border conflict?

A.Both can continue for generations.

B.Both are about where to draw the line.

C.Neither has any clear winner.

D.Neither can be put to an end.

33.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.

B.The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.

C.The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.

D.The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.

34.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to          .

A.give orders to the other                              B.know more than the other

C.gain respect from the other                               D.get the other to behave properly

35.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A.Causes for the parent-teen conflicts                 B.Examples of the parent-teen war

C.Solutions for the parent-teen problems             D.Future of the parent-teen relationship

    假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中

共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

    增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

    删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

    修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

    注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

    2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

 Victor was traveling through a train for his parents. All the time he is glancing with joy at his new shoes what his father had bought for him. After some time, he removed his shoes to take him a nap.

    After waking up, he found one of her shoes missing. He started crying unhappy. His parents

 tried to comfort him. His father told him it was no use cry and promised that after reaching home, he would buy him a new pair of shoes.

    Victor got very excited on hearing his father's words that he threw other shoe out of the train. Reaching the destination, he suddenly found his losing shoe in a basket. How  he regretted it!

When I was a kid, most of my friends could stay home from school due to a stomachache or a fever but not me. I had to be lying in order to   31   home. My parents used to say that they were teaching me how to have a   32   work ethic (职业道德). I didn’t see the   33   until last week.

I was on the train and sat behind a young man who was   34   to his friend about his life. His dream in life was to make movies but he wouldn’t   35   it because he had no clue if he could make enough money and he didn’t want to   36   time because it probably would take months or years to make it   37  . He then admitted to thinking about becoming a(n)   38   because he thought he could easily make six figures within one year. His   39   agreed because as he put it, “I have no   40   to work long hours and not make much money. Besides, defending cases in court is good because you can make a lot of money and only work short hours.”

Many people these days don’t   41   that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of   42  , determination and time have   43   into it. It wasn’t due to some unbelievable   44  . Someone once told me that you may know   45   someone is an expert in his given field or not by how easy he makes it look. The   46   it looks, the more hours go into it.

There is no excuse for   47  . In the television show Fame, the dancer teacher told her students, “If you want fame, fame   48   and here’s how you start paying for it, in sweat.” Every time I watch that show, my dad would state how   49   she was because in order to   50   you have to work hard. He would go on and on about how bad it is to be lazy.

31. A. leave                B. stay             C. get              D. call

32. A. reliable             B. different            C. good             D. new

33. A. answer               B. evidence         C. result               D. connection

34. A. explaining           B. complaining      C. writing          D. lying

35. A. read             B. follow               C. appreciate           D. change

36. A. share                B. get              C. save             D. waste

37. A. big                  B. important            C. strong               D. proper

38. A. expert               B. artist               C. editor               D. lawyer

39. A. companion            B. teacher          C. parent               D. brother

40. A. choice               B. time             C. desire               D. chance

41. A. convey               B. ensure               C. show             D. realize

42. A. potential            B. pressure         C. effort               D. intelligence

43. A. put                  B. gone                 C. broken               D. reached

44. A. event                B. accident         C. story                D. speed

45. A. because              B. why              C. whether          D. when

46. A. easier               B. lighter              C. better              D. harder

47. A. sorrow               B. laziness         C. despair          D. envy

48. A. splits               B. arises               C. works                D. costs

49. A. natural              B. beautiful            C. right                D. kind

50. A. succeed              B. develop          C. finish               D. rest

 He convinced me ______ the difficulty of the work.

A. on            B. at             C. for           D. of

Known as the Animal Lady in this area which I lived in, I was always asked to lend a hand in animal   36  . One afternoon three little neighbor girls ran up   37   my door, saying a baby squirrel was on the sidewalk. I quickly   38   the kids and they led me to a tiny squirrel still with milk teeth. I   39   and held the little creature up gently in my arms to check it for   40  . It seemed fine. I figured the mother must have been killed, leaving it an orphan(孤儿). Now, the baby was pretty hungry for   41   and then left its nest to search the neighborhood for help.

I was about to carry it into my   42   when I found several other babies   43   to run down the tree from where their nest was. With the first squirrel hid into my   44  , I stood at the base of the tree and was   45   when three more babies ran right down into my hands. Those dear little creatures were so happy to feel safe and   46  , and they all held each other close in my shirt. I took them home and   47   them bread and milk to eat. The poor starving things went   48   as they swallowed the meal.

I phoned a lady in the next town who   49   a small squirrel shelter. She had a big back yard with large   50   surrounded by a tall wooden fence. She assured me she was well   51    to care for the babies and provide a natural home for them when they were grown.

I love that those little girls cared enough about the squirrels to seek out the   52   of the Animal Lady! And I really   53   getting to help the baby creatures. And then the   54   of caring continued   55   the lady with the squirrel shelter took them in. How wonderful to be part of a chain of kindness.

36. A. hunt                   B. love              C. cure                    D. rescue

37. A. to                   B. through            C. for                        D. from

38. A. followed             B. glanced       C. comforted            D. persuaded

39. A. came down      B. bent down        C. put down              D. broke down

40. A. fur                     B. legs            C. teeth                      D. injuries

41. A. milk              B. vegetable         C. nuts                             D. leaves

42. A. room              B. car                     C. house                     D. cage

43. A. pretending      B. waiting        C. swinging                D. starting

44. A. shoe                 B. pocket         C. shirt                          D. drawer

45. A. puzzled              B. interested         C. astonished                     D. satisfied

46. A. nervous           B. cold                 C. warm                     D. tired

47. A. handed          B. showed       C. gave                D. lent

48. A. hungry          B. wild                  C. sad                       D. afraid

49. A. owned              B. needed               C. sought                   D. shut

50. A. ladders          B. flowers          C. bamboos              D. trees

51. A. organized        B. equipped      C. built              D. known

52. A. shelter           B. information      C. advice                    D. help

53. A. minded          B. regretted      C. enjoyed                 D. appreciated

54. A. chain           B. feeling        C. sense             D. connection

55. A. when                   B. if                  C. before                D. until

   I had an experience once which taught me something about the ways people made a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I officiated(主持) at two funerals for two elderly women.    51    . At the first home, the son of the deceased(已故) woman said, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son said, “If only I had not insisted her going to Florida, she would be alive today.    52     . It is my fault.”
    When things don’t turn out as we would like them to, we tend to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course, for example, keeping mother at home, would have turned out better.        53      

    There seem to be elements involved in our readiness to feel guilty. The first lies in our belief that the world makes sense---there is a reason for everything that happens. 
   The second is the thought that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen.    54    . A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and calls the rest of the world to its tasks.       55     . When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely abandon that childish thought that our wishes cause things to happen.
A.That long airplane ride was more than she could take

B.After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

C. Life and dead is an unsolved mystery.

D.The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood

E.He cries, and someone comes to attend to him

F.Both died a natural death

G. They believe that they are responsible for what has happened.

In the middle of April , if you walk through Jinghong,   61    capital of Xishuangbanna region in Yunnan Province ,    62   (chance) are that you’ll get very ,very wet. The Dai people will be celebrating their water-splashing festival from April 15 to 17, marking the new year for the Dai ethnic minority.

   Lonely Planet , one of the world’s    63      (large) travel brands , has described what happens:“ People race around the streets of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking （浸透）every person  64   sight with buckets of water. ”

    65      (tradition), water would be collected and poured only on family members as a symbolic way   66     (ensure) good luck in the coming year. Dai people believe that the wetter you get, the luckier you will be.

   Although water    67      (play) a vital role in the celebration, there is much more to the festival , especially during the first two days   68     water splashing is comparatively kept under control, according to Lonely Planet. People wear their best clothes , while older women in nearby villages   69      (dress) in special costumes. They gather with their families and visit Dai temple . There , they wash the statues of Buddha with water , a practice    70     (know) as “ Bathing the Buddha.”

Games in Class

       Playing computer games is getting serious. Washington teacher Tammie Schrader is so enthusiastic about computer games in education that she thinks they can be used to teach programming skills which will help students in college——starting in middle school.

       Canadian teacher Justin Holladay wrote a few simple games to help his students practice math skills, and when they caught on, he started his own company to create more of them.

       And the University of Washington’s Zoran Popovic got more than 4,000 Washington students to master their lessons this spring by playing a computer game for just a few hours.

       The growing availability of inexpensive tablet computers and a new generation of young teachers who grew up playing on computers have spurred (激发)interest in games for serious purposes.

       “Six or seven years ago, selling games to schools was forbidden,” said David Martz of Muzzy Lane Software, a Boston, US company that produces games for publishers such as McCraw-Hill. Now, he said, schools are interested in the promise of games—perhaps because gaming is so much more popular.

       Software and education companies have tried for many years to combine youngsters’ passion for computer games with educational progress, without much success.

       Popovic thinks the first effort to combine games with education fell flat because they were created by commercial companies. These companies were more interested in selling products than seeing students master a skill.

       Teachers say there are some pretty good games in the marketplace now.

       Holladay, the math teacher from Alberta, Canada, began moving paper-based math games to the iPad, building games that allowed students to compete with each other and giving them instant feedback(反馈) on their progress.

       The game reinforced(加强)the lessons he was teaching, and his students had fun playing, he said. “They were a lot more engaged.”

21. What factors have helped promote computer games in schools according to the article?

       a. The affordability of tablet computers.

b. The preferences of young teachers.

c. The advertisements of commercial companies.

d. Parents’ support.

e. Better games being produced.

A.a,b,c           B.a,c,d           C.a,b,e           D.b,d,e

22. What is Holladay’s attitude towards the idea of using computer games in class?

       A. It allows students to learn in a fun way.

B. It is not as helpful as people thought it would be.

C. It reduces the interaction between teachers and students.

D. It sounds good but it makes it inconvenient for teachers to get feedback from students.

23. The writer’s attitude towards the use of computer games for education is          .

       A. objective           B. negative             C. critical              D. supportive.