学校将为高三学生举办一场英语沙龙。假如你是学生会主席李华，请根据以下提示 准备一份英语发言稿，呼吁高三学生调节好学习和生活，保持良好的心态。

内容要点：

1．描述周围同学现状：熬夜多，运动少，学习效率不高。

2．提出至少两条建议。

注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

Good morning，everyone! It’s my honor to be here to make a short speech．

That's all．Thank you for listening!

假如你叫李华，打算参加由美国 Kent中学推出的为期半年的交换生项目(Student Exchange Program)。请给对方写信简要陈述参加该项目的理由，内容包括：

1.交朋友，相互介绍本国文化；

2.家庭寄宿(homestay)，体验生活，提高口语能力；

3.观光旅游，增长见识，了解风土人情。

注意：1. 词数100左右；      2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

The Enigma (谜）of Beauty

　   The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4, 000 years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs (假发）of long, white hair to make themselves attractive. Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance.

　   There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive: beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are regarded as friendlier.

　   But what exactly is beauty? It's difficult to describe it clearly, and yet we know it when we see it. And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones.

　   The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies by psychologists, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits —the full lips, clear skin, strong shoulders —equal health and genetic well-being.

　    Not everyone thinks the same way, however. “Our hardwiredness can be changed by all sorts of expectations —mostly cultural,” says C. Loring Brace, an anthropologist at the University of Michigan. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look at most Western fashion magazines: the women on the pages are thin. But is this “perfect” body type for women worldwide? Scientists' answer is no; what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures.

　    For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem to be certain physical traits considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single, uniform standard. Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder.

21. People's ideas about beauty ________.

A. have existed since ancient times                           B. can be easily described

C. have little influence on a person's success              D. are based upon strict standard

22. In Paragraph 3, the babies in the study ________.

A. were rated for their appearance

B. were entered in a beauty contest

C. were shown photos of a group of college students

D. were able to tell attractive faces from unattractive ones

23. The underlined word “traits” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.

A. qualities           B. measurements        C. judgments              D. standards

24. We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. the ideas of beauty vary as people grow up

B. the search for beauty is rooted in lack of confidence

C. the standards for beauty are based on scientific researches

D. the understanding of beauty depends on cultural backgrounds

下面是你同学的一篇英文习作，请你帮助修改这篇作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限一次。

         2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Sir or Madame,

I’m very glad to be invited to an English summer camp.                  

I prefer to going in July because I’ll have to prepare ourselves for the new school term in August. It seemed that all the activities you offer are attract and meaningful. But after have a discussion with my parents, I’ve decided to attend the English lectures, from them I can get more information on British and American culture. As a large group international people working, living or traveling in our country, communication becomes very important. I hope to teach foreigner Chinese and spread Chinese culture.

Thank you very much.

The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea. We know the Brits have a love affair with drinking tea,   61   more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drink into   62   popular pastime.

This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea   63   (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, which   64   (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s. It went on to become a   65   (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.

Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its   66   (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it.   67   it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or café. But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place   68   (enjoy) a plate of sweet and savory treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid   69   (ask) to leave.

Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.” I’m sure once you   70   (try) it, you will agree.

For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive （善于接受的） to such messages.

Scientists are using powerful radio telescope to listen to signals from about 1,000 stars, all within 100 light years of earth. In addition, they will scan (扫视) the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise.

Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy （银河星系）, scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution of life. Based on the inhabitable (that can be lived in) planets in our galaxy, most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life.

However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent （有智力的） life exists on other planets. Some believe that twenty years of searching without any intelligible （可理解的） messages shows that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.

Other scientists believe that our search hasn’t been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family in only about five billion years old,  our galaxy is about 20 billions years old. In that time, some scientists think it is likely that civilizations are much more advanced than ours. Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals; perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking.

21．According to the passage, how many planets in our galaxy might human beings live?

A. 5 billion   B. 10 billion   C. 15 billion   D. 200 billion

22．The first paragraph in this passage is mainly about ______.

A. where scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

B. why scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

C. how scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

D. when scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

23． The underlined word “monitor” in the passage means “______”.

A. find    B. follow   C. study    D. form

24． Which of the statements is TRUE based on the information in the passage?

A. The earth is one of the oldest planets in our galaxy.

B. Most scientists believe that there is intelligent life on other planet.

C. Scientists don’t believe that there might be life on other planets.

D. Scientists are trying different ways to find signs of life on other planet.

When a big exam is coming up, you probably feel anxious about any wasted time and want to begin school as soon as you probably can.

But tens of thousands of British high school students will soon be getting up later. They’re taking part in a new experiment by Oxford University to see if later classes can improve their exam results.

Grades 10 students in the UK have to take the nationwide General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. They have to pass these exams in order to study more advanced courses, and later apply for universities.

The Oxford University project means that GCSE students from more than 100 schools across England will start school at 10 am, more than one hour later than the current start time (8:50 am).

The project is based on scientific evidence that teenagers are “out of sync(同步)” with traditional school hours, the Telegraph reported. And what they need is more sleep in the morning.

“We know that something funny happens when you’re a teenager, in that you seem to be out of sync with the world,” said professor Colin Epsie, who is leading the study. “Your parents think it’s because you are lazy and opinionated（固执己见的）and everything will be OK if you could get to sleep earlier. But science is telling us that teenagers need to sleep more in the mornings.”

Everyone follows a natural cycle of sleep and wakefulne ss. Biology has decided that teenagers go to sleep around midnight and don’t feel fully awake until 9-10 am, according to scientists. That’s two hours later than adults. And their body clocks stay like this until the age of around 21 for males, and 19 for females.

“Society provides school for learning, but the brain provides sleep. So we are exploring the possibility that if you delay the schools start time until 10 am, that will improve learning performance,” said Epsie.

The results could be positive, based on previous studies.

An early study at the UK’s Monkseaton High School in 2009 found that starting an hour later improved grades in core subjects by 19 percent.

The Oxford project is expecting to publish the results in 2018. It’s time to wait and see whether scientists will give us an excuse to get up late.

24.  According to the article, students who take part in the Oxford University project_______.                                                

A. will start school one hour earlier

B. will no longer have to take GCSE exams

C. will perform better academically than those who don’t participate

D. will be guaranteed more sleeping time in the morning

25．The underlined phrase “out of sync”in Paragraph 5 probably means _____________ .

A. breaking the habit of doing something  B. getting used to doing something

C. having no idea of something          D. having trouble keeping up with something

26.  What is the author’s attitude toward the Oxford University project ?

A Critical       B. Optimistic        C. Doubtful       D. Uninterested

27． What’s the best title of the article ?

A. Wake up late to excel                     B. It’s never too late to learn

C. The later you get up, the better you’ll learn     D. An excuse to get up late

A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people．Puppy love（早恋）may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression. The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all．

The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”．According to the study，even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”，this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions．They won’t tell that to their parents．

Dr Marianm Kaufman，an expert on young people problems，says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression．She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up，it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self．She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family．

Parents should watch for signs of depression—eating or mood changes—and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age．Love will always make us feel young，but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects．

24. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Romance is a two­edged sword for adults.

B. Puppy love may bring young people depression.

C. Parents should forbid their children’s love. 

D. Romance is good for young people.

25. Which of the following is more likely to have depression?

A. Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness.

B. Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.

C. Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior.

D. Careless parents whose children are deep in love.

26. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.

B. Parents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression.

C. Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.

D. The older a woman is, the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.

27. What’s the author’s attitude towards puppy love?

A. scared       B. confused           C. neutral      D. disapproving   

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。

      2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

This is my fifth day at the summer camp. Life isn’t exact what I expected. We have to get up early to make our beds before our teacher Miss Li come to inspect. After breakfast, we have some of free time. Yesterday morning I went fishing, but the only thing I catch was a tree branch. In the afternoon, there are different activity like horseback riding and hiking. They’re fun, so nothing new for me. In the evening, everyone is assigned a different task to get dinner ready. Yesterday, I was in charge of prepare the hot dogs, but I accidentally dropped it in the fire. The best part of camp is at night, where we sit around a campfire and tell stories..

 She sat at her desk, with her eyes _____ on the book, _____ in its plot.

A. fixed; absorbed      B. fixing; absorbing

C. fixed; absorbing     D. fixing; absorbed

    _{It’s reported that a male waiter recently poured boiling water over a female customer at a hot pot restaurant after the woman was caught complaining about the waiter’s bad service online.  1
    The female victim，surnamed Lin，reportedly got into an argument with the waiter，surnamed Zhu，when Zhu refused her repeated request for additional soup for her pot．Lin was rushed to hospital and was diagnosed with severe bums on up to 40％of her body． 2
Many netizens criticized the waiter for being too impulsive and ignoring the possible consequences，but some also accused Lin of being too picky．Meanwhile，some came up with a question worthy of discussion： 3
    Many tragedies are caused by arguments and if the victim can control his or her anger and try to reach a compmmise，the tragedies could possibly be avoided．Sometimes so-called“cowardliness”can be a form of self-protection，especially when you are faced with strangers and you know little about their personalities．
    4  When they calm down afterwards，they would regret their“ridiculous”behavior and have to pay the price for the consequences·
    In May，a male driver in the southwestern city of Chengdu was captured on film intercepting a woman’s car and dragging her out of her seat，throwing her on the ground，before cruelly kicking her several times on the head，simply because the woman suddenly changed lanes in front of his car.
    5   Forgive others’mistakes and avoid fueling others’anger．Accordingly，you may be less likely to suffer from unexpected troubles．
    A．Will the situation be out of control because of your anger?
    B．Intolerance has contributed to lots of violent incidents．
    C．How to keep ourselves safe when we argue with others?
    D．The waiter has been arrested for further investigation and trial．
    E．This incident caused an outcry among netizens and opinion leaders．
    F．But it is difficult to control our anger when we have conflict with others.
G．So next time you deal with conflict，it is more advisable to control your temper and say“sorry”with a smile．}

I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled A Real Test in My Life before the whole class at the age of 9 ! You can imagine how   61    (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that--- with so many eyes   62   (fix) upon me. I had no   63   (choose) but to prepare for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, which was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part   64   (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory, for to read from the paper was not allowed. The real moment began _ 65   I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank. But my    66   (listen) were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, giving out my speech without difficulty. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding---I made    67  ! At that moment, my fear of talking before a big audience    68    (appear). Actually with my confidence building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way  69   success is our fear. Overcome it, _70   we will be able to achieve our goals.

I believe you can do your best. Not being the best but toughing the limits of what you’re capable of. I gained this belief from my third grade teacher, the most special, honored, trustworthy, and loved person in my life.

Mr. Myrus was always perfectly dressed and spoke with the belief that talking to eight-year-olds didn’t mean he had to sacrifice proper statements or grammars. And he was demanding but he wasn’t unreasonable or cruel. He simply felt that no matter what your best was, you should achieve it.

As luck would have it, I met him again as my eighth grade math teacher. I was not, nor ever will be, gifted in math. I remember my struggles in class. “I don’t know the answer,” I would say, “I can’t do it!” “Perhaps you don’t know the answer,” he would say quietly. “Do you think we might figure it out together? How do you know what you can do until you try?”

Mr. Myrus lived around the corner, and I would often stop by to talk while he worked in his garden. I knew there was someone who let me know that if I had really tried, that was enough.

 “Don’t be so hard on yourself,” he’d say. “Stop blaming yourself. Did you try your best? Well, then you’re not a failure,” he often told me these words.

Mr. Myrus died in 1978. I had never thought about his death. He was too young. I felt sorry. But when I think about him now, I don’t feel so sorry. He taught me to be kind, not only to others, but to myself. He taught me my own value. He taught me about honor, about truth, and about doing my best—and that all feelings and beliefs have dignity and deserve respect. And of all the things I know, this I believe: We can’t all be “the best”, but we can, each of us, be our best, and I know that’s true because Mr. Myrus told me that.

24. What can we know about Mr. Myrus according to the passage?

A. He usually treats his students in a hard way.

B. He is responsible for his teaching and students.

C. He is a person who isn’t particular about what he wears.

D. He sometimes is cruel and unreasonable to his students.

25. The author thought he was a lucky dog because ______.

A. he had got a great belief from his teacher

B. Mr. Myrus had taught him for eight years

C. Mr. Myrus became his teacher a second time

D. he developed a good relationship with Mr. Myrus

26. It can be concluded from the third paragraph that ______.

A. the author preferred other subjects to math

B. Mr. Myrus thought it was very easy to learn math

C. the author was ashamed to admit his math was poor

D. Mr. Myrus helped the author build up his confidence

27. What can we learn by reading the passage?

A. The author hoped to live a positive life.

B. The author may have become a teacher.

C. The author liked to recall his childhood.

D. The author ended up being a man of self-confidence.

The twins, Who ________   their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
A. will finish           B. finish       C. have finished         D. had finished

Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.

It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.

The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how varying the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly involved.

Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited moving or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.

This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.

When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are easily noticeable based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education, 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.

Where a person lives matters, too. More people who live in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.

While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.

56. What happens when a new technology appears?

　 A. It often leads to great inventions in other related fields.

　 B. It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole.

C. It further widens the gap between the old and the young.

　 D. It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.

57. What does the author say about the driverless car?

　 A. It does not seem to create a generational divide.

　 B. It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.

　 C. It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.

　 D. It may start a revolution in the car industry.

58. Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?

　 A. It saves their money and energy.              B. It helps with their moving.

　 C. It adds to the safety of their travel.        　 D. It makes their life more interesting.

59. What is likely to affect one’s attitude toward the driverless car?

　 A. The field of their special interest.              B. The location of their living place.

　 C. The amount of training they received.     　 D. The length of their driving experience.

Here are some traditional German beer games .

Beer Boot Pass

A very , very popular game played in Germany is the beer boot pass ( Bier Boot ) , which has gained popularity all over the world . The game is usually played to pin the next round of beer on a person . In this , a full glass of beer is passed around in the group—there are some rules for this—it has to be tipped every time before it is passed and not a drop of beer must be spilled . The second-to-last person who finishes the beer must pay for the next round . The game then becomes all about judgment because either you drink the entire beer or have a sip and pass it on . You never know who the second to last person will be , so the uncertainty and excitement makes the game a favorite .

Beer Crate-Running

This is a traditional game that is extremely popular in Germany , Switzerland , and Austria , more popularly referred to as Kastenlauf . The game is similar to running a race , where a route is marked , ranging from anywhere between 5-12 km . Each participant brings a crate of beer ( the size and quantity will be specified ) . The first person who success fully finishes the entire crate of beer before getting to the finish line wins .

Flunkyball

This outdoor game is played with one team being matched against another , with equal numbers in both . The teams stand on opposite sides of the ground in a line , with their beers lined before them . An empty bottle or a tin can is placed in the center and another object ( used as an aim ) is brought in , something like a tennis ball . The first team ( A ) hits the ball onto the target to tumble（打翻）it . Once the bottle has tumbled , team A will start drinking their beers . Meanwhile , team B must run to the center , place the bottle upright , find the ball , and cross back into the line before yelling ‘ Stop ’ . Team A then stops drinking and team B starts to throw the ball at the bottle and carrying forward the game . The game continues till one team has finished all their beer and they are declared winners .

Drinking Relay

Divide the group of people into two teams and get them to stand in a line with beer placed in front of each member . At the blow of the whistle , the first person lifts the glass and starts drinking the beer . After he is done , he has to turn the glass over to show that there is no more beer in the glass . Then , the next person starts drinking and so on . The next in line can only drink when the first person has emptied his glass . The team whose last member empties the glass ahead of others wins .

Herman the German

Even though this game seems simple , it is a lot of fun . It runs on the lines of ‘ Who stole the cookie ’ . A person is chosen as ‘ Herman the German ’ ( HTG ) and he has to get the game running . The other members sit in a random manner and are given names , better if they are confusing names like China Port No. 1 , Rum Master Blaster etc . The game starts with HTG saying – “ HTG dropped a missile on China Port No. 1 , sir ” and China Port No. 1 has to reply with – “ It wasn’t me , sir . ” Then HTG replies – “ Who then , sir ” and it goes on . The sentence has to end with ‘ sir ’ and if it doesn’t , then the player has to down a beer . Similarly , if at any point the players fumble , they have to do the same . The tension makes the players forget things and there’s a whole lot of beer flowing as a result .

28．Which two games have something to do with running ?

A. Beer Boot Pass and Beer Crate-Running

B. Flunkyball and Drinking Relay

C. Beer Crate-Running and Flunkyball

D. Drinking Relay and Herman the German

29．The loser will have to buy beers for others in the game __________ .

A. Beer Boot Pass           B. Beer Crate-Running

C. Flunkyball               D. Drinking Relay

30．A person with a good memory may have a advantage in playing __________ .

A. Beer Boot Pass           B. Flunkyball

C. Drinking Relay           D. Herman the German

31． Which of the following statements is listed as a rule of the games ?

A. Every person has to sip the beer when playing Beer Boot Pass .

B. The person who replies to HTG with “ sir ” at the end will be punished .

C. The team can start drinking their beers as soon as they throw the ball in Flunkyball

D. The team members have to drink their beers in turn when playing Drinking Relay .

 — Shall we make it at 7:30 tomorrow?

   — Sorry. I ______ the final between Zhang Jike and Ma Long in Rio de Janeiro at home.

   A. am about to watch     B. will watch           C. will be watching     D. will have watched

66. —When given praise, the Chinese will be shy while the Americans will willingly accept it.

—The cultures of the East and West really v   ▲   from each other a lot.

67. —He gave himself a new name to hide his i   ▲   when he went to carry out the secret task.

—No wonder they couldn’t find in which hotel he stayed.

68. —What makes the promotion of his new product so successful?

—T   ▲   career women as his primary customers.

69. —Why was he not chosen to join in the project and work with the other students?

—As you know, he prefers i   ▲   work because he hardly believes in others.

70. —Your elder brother is very patient with the sick babies.

—That’s true. As a doctor, he cannot a   ▲   any mistakes, which will be dangerous for the patients.

    We know that hugs make us feel cosy inside. And this feeling could actually ward off stress and protect the immune (免疫) system, according to a new research from Carnegie Mellon University.

It’s a well-known fact that stress can weaken the immune system. In this study, the researchers sought to determine whether hugs could protect individuals from the increased sensitivity to illness brought on by the particular stress that comes with interpersonal conflict.

“We know that people experiencing ongoing conflicts with others are less able to fight off cold viruses. We also know that people who report having social support are partly protected from the effects of stress on psychological states, such as depression and anxiety, ” the study’s lead author, psychologist Dr. Sheldon Cohen , said in a statement. “We have tested whether awareness of social support is equally effective in protecting us from sensitivity to infection caused by stress and also whether receiving hugs might partially account for those feelings of support and thus protect a person against infection.”

In the experiment, over 400 healthy adults filled out a questionnaire about their perceived (感知到的) social support and also participated in a nightly phone interview for two weeks. They were asked about the frequency that they engaged in interpersonal conflict and received hugs that day.

Then, the researchers exposed the participants to a common cold virus, and monitored them to assess signs of infection. They found that both perceived social support and more frequent hugs reduced the risk of infection associated with experiencing interpersonal conflict. Regardless of whether or not they experienced social conflicts, infected participants with greater perceived social support and more frequent hugs had less severe illness symptoms.

“This suggests that being hugged by a trusted person may act as an effective means of conveying support and that increasing the frequency of hugs might be an effective means of reducing the effects of stress,” Cohen said. “The apparent protective effect of hugs may result from the physical contact itself or hugging being a behavioral indicator of support and closeness. Either way, those who receive more hugs are somewhat more protected from infection.”

If you need any more reason to wrap your arms around someone special, consider this: hugs also lower blood pressure, reduce fears, improve heart health and decrease feelings of loneliness.

29. In Paragraph 1, the underlined words “ward off “can be replaced by ____.

A. produce           B. increase         C. prevent          D. support

30. Dr. Sheldon Cohen’s experiment shows that ____.

A. hugs can hide serious illness symptoms

B. social conflicts can monitor signs of infection

C. social support can reduce the risk of having a cold

D. depression and anxiety result from less social support

31.The passage aims to convey that ____.

   A. hugs can have protective effects           B. social support can cure diseases 

   C. interpersonal conflicts cause infections     D. stress can weaken our immune system

32. The passage is most likely to be found in ____.

   A. a social science magazine                B. a commercial brochure 

   C. a medical report                        D. an academic essay

---Betty has been upset over an e-mail you wrote her the other day.

-----Rally?My intent was just to offer some helpful suggestions.I’ll     so that she doesn’t feel upset anymore.

A.clear the air             B.reap what I sow

C.see the handwriting       D.beat about the bush