请阅读下列文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1.         用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2.         请根据以上图文信息简述污染的情况及其原因；

3.         从可持续发展的角度提出你对治理城市污染的建议（不少于两点）。

【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

[评分标准]

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

 The sharing economy, represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber, is the latest fashion craze. But many supporters have overlooked the reality that this new business model is largely based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.

Airbnb is an internet-based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to strangers for short stays. Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars. There are hundreds of other such services.

The good thing about the sharing economy is that it promotes the use of underused resources. Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms, and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while allowing guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those charged by hotels. Uber offers prices that are competitive with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.

But the downside of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels, and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually an important source of tax income. But many of Airhnb’s customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.

Airbnb can also raise issues of safety for its customers and trouble for hosts' neighbors. Hotels are regularly inspected to ensure that they are not fire traps and that they don't form other risks for visitors. Airbnb hosts face no such inspections.

Since Airbnb is allowing people to escape taxes and regulations, the company is simply promoting thefts. Others in the economy will lose by bearing an additional tax burden or being forced to live next to an apartment unit with a never-ending series of noisy visitors.

The same story may apply with Uber. Uber is currently in disputes over whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements imposed on standard taxis. Also, if Uber and related services flood the market, they could harm all taxi drivers' ability to earn a minimum wage.

This downside of the sharing needs to be taken seriously, hut that doesn't mean the current tax and regulatory structure is perfect.

28. What is the positive thing about the sharing economy?

A. It is a global trend.

B. It is beyond regulations.

C. It draws on spare resources.

D. It brings in modest profits.

29. What is the problem with Airbnb customers according to the passage?

A. They are not regularly inspected.

B. They are likely to commit thefts.

C. They are not allowed to escape taxes.

D. They can be noisy to hosts’ neighbours.

30. What is the argument over Uber according to the passage?

A. Whether it guarantees customers' safety.

B. Whether it provides reliable services.

C. Whether it lowers customers' expenses.

D. Whether it can compete with standard taxis.

31. What will be talked about in the following paragraphs?  

A. Existing regulations and laws.

B. Necessary improvements of current laws.

C. Further development of Airbnb and Uber.

D. More downsides of Airbnb and Uber.

When a tornado hit the small town of Otwell, Indiana years ago, Kathryn Martin, 32, who lived 60 miles away in Evansville, couldn’t get the news out of her mind. “I kept thinking, ‘Those poor people. Somebody’s got to help them,’” she says. She knew firsthand what they were going through.

Six months earlier, a tornado had struck her town, taking the lives of her 2-year-old son, C.J. and her mother-in-law. “It was the most terrible experience of my life,” she says. “That grief will never go away, and it broke my heart to think about what these families were going through in Otwell.”

So Kathryn loaded her car with juice boxes, snacks and toys and drove to Otwell. She gave the items to the Red Cross, and as she was leaving, she saw a couple sorting through the ruins of their home while their children were watching. So Kathryn stopped and gave a few toys to the kids and played with them for a while. “The parents couldn’t thank me enough for what I did for their children,” she says.

On the drive back to Evansville, Kathryn came up with an idea to help more kids. She talked her family, friends and neighbors into joining her and spent the next few months organizing fundraisers. Finally, in August 2007, she showed C.J.’s Bus, a 35-foot school bus that was turned into a mobile playroom.

In the following years, stocked with video games and DVDs, toys, crafts, books and more, the bus traveled to disaster-torn towns, giving the children there a safe place to play. So far, C.J.’s bus has traveled to three states affected by tornadoes or floods, cheering up more than 756 children, aged 3-13.

21. When she heard that Otwell was hit by a tornado, Kathryn Martin__________.

A. felt it was the most terrible experience of her life

B. wanted to do something for the people there

C. was afraid that a tornado would strike her home

D. was extremely worried about her family members

22. What does the underlined word “grief” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Sadness    B. Worry    C. Disaster    D. Influence

23. What do we know about C.J.’s Bus?

A. It is a school bus that can take children to travel.

B. It is a bus giving homeless children a safe place

C. It travels to a place to offer help when a disaster hits it.

D. It is aimed at raising money for places affected by disasters.

I still read out loud to my son. He is in fifth grade and an avid reader. He plows through books and is currently devouring（津津有味地看）The Hobbit which he calls “addicting”. But he still likes it when I read out loud to him before bed.

I’ve always read to him, I could probably recite Goodnight Moon by heart and I like to think it has helped to instill his love of reading in him.

But as he’s gotten older, reading to him has changed. The books are longer, of course, and sometimes he corrects me if I misread a word in the dim light of his room. But what’s really changed is what we both get out of it.

When I was in fifth grade, I had a wonderful teacher, Mr. Hanks, who would read aloud to the class after lunch. I remember him reading Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and me hanging on every word. I could hardly wait for lunch to be over to find out what happened next to little Charlie Bucket.

Now I’m giving the same gift to my own son. Last week he brought me a copy of Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol he found on the shelf and asked me to read it to him. One of the bonuses of reading to an older child is you can revisit a beloved book from your past or be exposed to a book you have never read yourself.

Such was the case with A Christmas Carol which I admit I had never read. So when I started reading I worried that it would be a tough go since the book uses expressions and the language Dickens used in the 1840’s. I found myself having to define things such as braziers and balustrades. But in the wonderful descriptiveness of Dickens’ prose, my son was especially taken with his description of Scrooge’s house where he had often played hide-and-seek with other friends.

24. When it comes to reading out loud to the author’s son, she feels _______.

   A. tired       B. curious       C. nervous       D. happy

25. It can be inferred from the text that _______.

   A. the author’s son enjoys her reading to him

   B. the author puts too much pressure on her son

   C. the author’s son dislikes reading on his own

   D. the author finds it unnecessary to read to her son

26. Compared with Goodnight Moon, A Christmas Carol _______.

   A. is much shorter

   B. is harder to understand

   C. is better known to the author

   D. is more popular with younger children

27. The author writes the text in order to _______.

   A. encourage children to read more books

   B. recommend some excellent books to readers

   C. persuade parents to read out loud to their children

   D. share her experience of reading out loud to her son

The main cause of death and disability in the US

Stroke （中风）is the main cause of death and disability in the United States. Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke.   36    It is the nation's third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer. The following is something more about stroke. 

Definition and description of a stroke

Stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease. It affects the arteries(动脉) leading to and within the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel（血管） that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts.   37   . So stroke forms.

   38  

　The American Stroke Association has identified several factors (因素) that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you can't control, such as increasing age, family health history, race, and previous stroke.   39   . Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be improved with a healthcare provider's help.

Breakthroughs in treatment              

   40   .In fact, about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a hospital immediately.

A. Risk factors of a stroke.   

B .Warning signs of a stroke.   　

C. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one.　

D. A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.

E. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.

F. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood and oxygen it needs.

G .The more common kind of stroke is caused by a blood clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain.

Regular safety checks and maintenance of escalators(手扶电梯) and elevators have been urged in the wake of a tragedy in Central China’s Hubei province.

A woman fell   76 a gap at the top of an escalator at a department store.   77 woman aged 30 managed to push her two-year-old boy to   78(safe) at the top of the escalator.

Video at the shopping mall shows the woman   79(hold) her son as she prepares to get off the escalator when a footplate collapses under her feet.   80(stick) in the hole and with only her upper body above the structure, she pushed her son forwards and he   81(catch) by a shopping assistant standing near the top of the escalator. The woman fell beneath the floor only a few seconds later   82 another shopping assistant tried to grab her arm   83 failed. It took rescuers   84(near) four hours to recover the body of the woman.

It was the latest in a series of similar accidents in China,   85 there are 3.6 million escalators and elevators carrying 200 million people every day.

1. 你没有必要易感冒就吃药。（need）

2. 我们期待着尽早收到那些国外学生的来信。（look forward to）

3. 她做梦也没有想到会在这次化学竞赛中获得一等奖。(Little)

4.  一项调查表明老人普遍感到比起收到子女物质上的礼物，他们更需要子女的陪伴。(prefer)

5. 王阿姨致力于关心那些需要帮助的人，人们对她的慷慨帮助的感激之情非言语能表达。(devote)

 At present, there are many instances          the governments distribute money to the citizens worldwide, but the sources of fund are still limited.

  A. how           B. which           C. where        D. when

The most common use of intelligence test scores is to predict degree of academic success.Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal, and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school.Another use common in elementary schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to identify children who are working below capacity.

    The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion of their accuracy exists.The ideal criteria would be objective and reliable achievement tests following instructions in each subject, but there are few such tests, especially at the college level.Studies have shown that correlations（相关性)between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from 0.5 to 0.8.Such correlations are fairly high ，but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.

    At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission.By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination, constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by the College Entrance Examination Board.These tests arc returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring, and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them.The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in essentially the same fashion.

Both tests constitute(组成)measures of certain skills, abilities, and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college.Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons.First, measures of achievement in college arc themselves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools.Second, intellectual factors do not alone determine academic success, especially at the college level.Many students drop out of schools because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike the instructional programme.Third,correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that the range of scores for those admitted is restricted, and such restrictions tend to reduce correlations.

In the last 30 years, the Make-A-Wish Foundation has granted nearly 300,000wishes worldwide to children battling life-threatening illnesses, throwing light onworlds darkened by diseases and bringing hope to children and their families.

With a foreword（序）by Make-A-Wish cofounder Frank Shankwitz, Once UponA wish shares the wishes and stories of eight children. These families generously inviteus into their worlds, allowing us to become part of their darkest moments, theirunimaginable realities, their greatest hopes, deepest fears, and unbelievable successes.

Experience the story of Katelyn, a little girl, becoming a medical marvel（奇迹）after lighting all the odds stacked against her and making it her life-long goal to raise$3 million for St. Jude Hospital; read about a wheelchair-bound boy, Garrett, givingthe gift of mobility to disabled Cambodian men and women; cheer for a little boy,Dakota, who collects millions of pennies each year to help others fight the disease heonce fought. Become inspired and forever-changed by the generosity, hope, courage,and optimism of these children and their families and experience the power of two words - I wish.

Once Upon A Wish is a celebration of hope, revealing how wishes-come-true canbecome motivators and cherished gifts that will last a lifetime.

    Price: $9.99

    Where to download: Available on the iPhone , iPad , iPod touch, and Mac.

    Category: Biographies & Memoirs

    Published: Mar 05, 2013

    Publisher: BenBella Books, Inc.

    Seller: The Perseus Books Group, LLC

    Print Length: 352 Pages

    Language: English

 33. We can learn that the Make-A-Wish Foundation____.

    A. was set up in the early 1990s

    B. was set up to help poor people all over the world

    C. mainly offers free treatment to severely sick children

    D. aims at helping severely sick children fulfill their wishes

 34. What is Once Upon A Wish mainly about?

    A. Wishes and stories of eight children.

    B. The history of the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

    C. Some children's experiences of helping others.

    D. Frank Shankwitz's personal experiences with some children.

35. Dakota spends the money he collects in helping____.

    A to set up St. Jude Hospital

    B. people infected with AIDS

    C. disabled Cambodians move around

    D those who are fighting the same disease as he once had

假如你叫李华，是一名高中生。最近你的外国笔友琳达询问你最喜欢的选修课。根据以下提示写一封电子邮件。内容包括：

1.你选择的是中国茶艺课；

2.你喜欢中国茶艺的原因；

3.每周上课时间和内容以及授课人的情况；

4.你的体会；

注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

          2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：选修课 elective course

dear Linda,

I am delighted to receive your email.                                                                  

Can you tell me something about your elective course?

Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.

A. dreadfully              B. guiltily                  C. indirectly               D. sharply

 UN ____ the united Nations.

A. stands for              B. mean

C. takes place of          D. come from

Ad.1

Special house in Glebe (S 160 every month)

Reply to: Alalinpola@yahoo.com

Date available: December 9

Looking for a girl student roommate to share a well situated house in Glebe for not less than one month. 2 minutes from the bus stop in a quiet street, double living room etc. Give me a call if interested.

The room is ready to be rented from now.

Ad.2

Room with own bathroom (S330 every month)

Reply to: Katarinakube@yahoo.com

Date available: December 17

I've got a big flat in Sandas with own bathroom with own bedroom with two bedrooms and two bathrooms in a safe building with all equipment.

I'm looking for a girl student who wants to stay for at least 6 months, easy-going, tidy. There will be only me, so 2 people in total.

It's available from Dec.17 for ＄330 every month, including bills.

Ad.3

One bedroom suitable for one boy（＄175 every month）

Reply to: Lookforyou@yahoo.com

Date available: December 16

We have a bedroom available with a big bed. The living room, kitchen and bathroom will be shared with our roommate, Al, who is a university student.

We provide a computer, TV, DVD player, a parking space which arc all included in the rent.

The apartment is available December 16 at the earliest and for at least 2 months because we won't be back to the town Lading until next April.

Ad.4

Room with own kitchen for a girl (S280 every month)

Reply to: Everlastingfriend@yalioo.com

Date available: December 18  

I've got a flat in Patrio with a bedroom available. A kitchen is also available with all equipment.

I'm looking for a girl student who wants to stay for at least 3 months, I also provide a PC and a parking place, but the parking place isn't included in the rent.

29. If a boy wants to rent a room, he would send an email to             .

A. Everlastingfriend@yahoo.com    B.lookforyou@yahoo.com

C. Alatinpolo@yahoo.com           D. Katarinakube@yahoo.com

30. Mary wants to find a room for only one month, she would rent a room            .

A. in Glebe    B. in Patrio

C. in Sandas   D. in Lading

31. If a student wants to rent a room with own bathroom, he would have to pay        a month.

A.＄280    B.＄175    C.＄330    D.＄160

 The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only ________ the speaker ________.

　 A. to find; left 　   B. to find; gone       C. finding; left 　              D. finding; gone

    It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year—we just won't go.

    Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession—financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal(言语上的) aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.

    Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it's for," he explains. "They'll say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something.

    "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what's going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

46. What does the author say about vacationing?

   A. People enjoy it all the more during a recession.

   B. Few people can afford it without working hard.

   C. It is the chief cause of family disputes.

   D. It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

47. What does the author mean by saying "money is known ... to bring a relationship to its knees" (Lines 1-2, Para. 2)?

   A. Money is considered to be the root of all evils.

   B. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

   C. Few people can resist the temptation of money.

   D. Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

48. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession ________.

   A. couples show more concern for each other

   B. it is more expensive for couples to split up

   C. conflicts between couples tend to rise

   D. divorce and separation rates increase 

49. What does Kim Stephenson believe?

   A. Men and women view money in different ways.

   B. Money is often a symbol of a person's status.

   C. Men and women spend money on different things.

   D. Money means a great deal to both men and women.

50. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ________.

   A. put their money together instead of keeping it separately

   B. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

   C. make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

   D. avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

 --- Do you remember the first time you          with a foreigner?

   --- Not really, but I remember it was in a KFC.

  A. talked             B. had talked           C. have talked          D. are talking

        I know what you’re thinking: pizza？For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a.m. if you want to. 

 I know lots of women who skip breakfast (不吃早饭), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re “saying” calories ，still others just don’t like breakfast food .  

But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight . “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking, R.D，who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.  

Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.  

So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers – it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow.” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it … you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.

19．The word “leftovers” in paragraph I probably means  ______.  

A. food remaining after a meal            B. things left undone 

C. meals made of vegetables               D. pizza topped with fruit

20．What can we infer from the text? 

A. Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry. 

B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.  

C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.  

D. Eating vegetables helps save energy.

21．According to the last paragraph, it is important to _______.  

A. eat something for breakfast       

B. be careful about what you eat 

C. heat up food before eating it  

D. eat calorie-controlled food

22．The text is written mainly for those _______.  

A. who go to work early                B. who want to lose weight

C. who stay up late                    D. who eat before sleep

假定你是李华，你校的英国交换生Stefan对中国茶文化一直都很感兴趣。你收到学校学生会通知，本周五下午3:00将邀请浙江大学的张教授在学校报告厅给师生做一场有关中国茶文化的专题报告。请你写一封邮件给Stefan，内容包括：

1.报告会基本信息（时间，地点，主持人，话题等）。

2. 报告会具体内容:  a. 中国茶文化的历史及发展；b. 品茶会，品不同种类的茶。

3. 询问Stefan是否愿意参加。

要求：1.词数100左右； 

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数

   参考词汇：中国茶文化Chinese tea culture； 报告厅 lecture hall； 品茶会 a tea party

Dear Stefan，

We were the only family with children in the restaurant. I sat Eric in a high chair and noticed everyone was   41   eating and talking. Suddenly, Eric screamed with   42   and said, “Hi there.” His fat baby hands hit the high chair tray, and his eyes were wide with excitement.

I looked around and saw the   43   of his enjoyment. It was an old man with a worn and oily coat. And his hair was uncombed and unwashed. I was sure he   44  . His hand waved. “Hi there, baby; I see ya,” the man said to Eric.

My husband and I  45  looks. Eric continued to laugh and answer, “Hi, there.” Everyone in the restaurant noticed this. My husband and I were   46 .We finally   47   the meal and   48  for the door. My husband went to pay the check and told me to meet him in the parking lot. The old man sat   49   me and the door. “Lord, just let me out of here   50   he speaks to me or Eric,” I prayed. As I drew closer to the man, I turned my back trying to sidestep him and avoid any air he might be   51  . As I did so, Eric leaned over my arm, reaching with both arms in a baby’s “  52  ” position. Before I could stop him, he had  53  himself to the man’s arms. Eric, in an act of total  54  and love, laid his tiny head upon the man’s ragged shoulder.

His    55  hands full of dirt, pain and hard labor gently, so gently, cradled(轻轻抱着) my baby’s   56  and patted his back. I stood amazed. After a while, he pushed Eric from his chest   57   as though he were in pain, saying “God bless you, ma’am. You’ve given me the best Christmas gift.”

I had just witnessed a genuine love shown through the innocence of a tiny child who saw no sin(罪恶), who made no   58  . The ragged old man,   59 , had reminded me that a genuine love is one in which the   60   meaning of love is realized.

41. A. hurriedly             B. happily          C. sadly       D. quietly

42. A. delight              B. surprise         C. anger             D. satisfaction

43. A. source              B. result          C. effect             D. degree

44. A. smiled               B. smelled          C. felt             D. cheated

45. A. turned               B. separated       C. exchanged  D. replaced

46. A. embarrassed      B. shocked          C. excited       D. curious

47. A. got up                 B. got through      C. got over     D. got off

48. A. moved              B. headed             C. reached      D. advanced

49. A. in front of        B. against          C. next to       D. between

50. A. though                    B. since            C. before        D. if

51. A. holding             B. fighting          C. taking         D. breathing

52. A. let-me-go          B. pick-me-up      C. put-me-down   D. take-me-on

53. A. jumped          B. devoted            C. driven             D. thrown

54. A. independence     B. trust             C. desire              D. devotion

55. A. beautiful            B. strong         C. old                 D. firm

56. A. legs              B. head          C. neck            D. bottom

57. A. eagerly             B. violently       C. unwillingly       D. gladly

58. A. decision                B. judgment       C. conclusion           D. choice

59. A. strangely           B. powerfully     C. unknowingly    D. gratefully

60. A. realistic            B. false           C. loyal             D. true