任务型阅读 知识点题库

文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，每句中最多有两处。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词的下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    All of us know the old saying “Practice make perfect.” It tells us unless we want to realize our aim, we should practise and one day we will make it. It's easy to understand. Once I wanted to learn swimming. At first I found difficult to control my body. I just sank into the water. I feel very frightened. Then I watched others who were good at them and asked them the key to succeed. I went to the swimming pool every day, learned from them and practiced. A day, when my friend pushed me into the swimming pool, I sudden found that I could swim. How exciting I was! Now I can swim much more better than before.

                              

根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

    From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money and time. Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

    1）. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already?

    2）. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

    3）.  This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

    Hopefully that gives a good start. And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people. F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

    In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “ I hate you!” Dad would yell back, “Good! I don't care!” Deep down I knew he did.

    One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I need discipline.

    Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, I've sometimes thought, “ I can't do this any more.”

    Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle's music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it's hard, but it's all about persistence(坚持不懈).”

    Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people. If it weren't for Dad, I wouldn't be where I am today. He's my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.

任务型阅读

    With busy lives, it can be hard to find time to volunteer. However, the benefits of volunteering are great to you, your family, and your community(社区).

    One of the better-known benefits of volunteering is the effect on the community. Volunteering allows you to connect with your community and make it a better place. Volunteering also strengthens your ties to the community and broadens your support network, exposing(使暴露) you to people with common interests, neighborhood resources, and fun and satisfactory activities.

    While some people are naturally outgoing, others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skills, since you are meeting regularly with a group of people with common interests. Once you have the desire, it's easier to make more friends and contacts.

    Volunteering provides many benefits for both mental and physical health. You're doing good to others and the community, which makes you experience the pleasure of success. Your role as a volunteer can also give you a sense of pride and identity.

    Reducing the risk of depression(沮丧) is another important benefit of volunteering. A key risk factor for depression is social isolation. Volunteering keeps you in regular contact with others and helps you develop a solid support system, which in turn protects you against stress and depression when you're going through challenging times. Volunteering is good for your health whether you are young or old, but it's especially good in older adults.

    Volunteering offers you the chance to try out a new career without making a long-term commitment. It is also a great way to gain experience in a new field. Volunteering work can expose you to professional organizations or internship（实习）that could be of benefit to your career. That volunteer work is unpaid doesn't mean the skills you learn are basic. Many volunteering opportunities provide training. In addition, volunteering can also help you build upon skills you already have and use them to benefit the greater community.

    Volunteering is a fun and easy way to explore your interests and passions. Volunteer opportunities that match both your goals and your interest are most likely to be fun and satisfying for you. Doing volunteer work you find meaningful and interesting can be a relaxing escape from your day-to-day routines of work, school, and family commitments. Volunteering also provides you with renewed creativity, motivation, and vision that can be carried over into your personal and professional life.

任务型阅读

    Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn't do than by the ones you did do. So start off to travel around the world and to experience a lot.

    Enjoy much freedom.

    You will enjoy a much greater sense of freedom when no one is able to tell you what to doYou decide where you want to go,what you want to do and how long you want to stay.

    Taste delicious food.

    Do you like eating Chinese,Thai or Indian food?You will enjoy the food even more when you eat it from the place it originates（起源）.For foodies（吃货）,delicious food in different places on the journey is what attracts them most.

    Meet new people.

    You will have the chance to meet new people when you travel.Some are interesting,some boring,and some totally crazy.Chances are that it will be worth listening to.Perhaps you will meet someone you can make friends with and get a life-long friendship.

    Appreciate beautiful nature.

    Instead of looking out your office window to see a hundred skyscrapers staring back at you,you will get the chance to see the world in all its natural beauty.You can walk throw the jungles of the Amazon.You can see most scenery with your own eyes instead of looking at a still image in a book.

    You might already be book-smart.But add street smart to your life and then there's no stopping you.Travelling teaches you many of life's lessons.You will gain pearls（珍殊）of wisdom along your journey,which will surely enables you to lead a smarter life.

A.You are the boss.

B.Live a colorful life.

C.Become street-smart.

D.Everyone has a story to tell.

E.You can see the deserts of Africa.

F.You will discover how simple life can be.

G.You will taste food from all corners of the world.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Do you know Australia? Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well.

    Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flowers' exhibition. There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. In spring every year Perth has the wild flowers' exhibition.

    After visiting Perth, we spent the day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path. After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere are sheep.

A. The people of Australia are very hard-working.

B. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.

C. Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos.

D. Australia is big, but its population is not large.

E. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers.

F. The sky is blue and the water is clean.

G. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves.

请注意阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填1个单词。

    Most people have some regret that they just can't seem to get rid of. But holding on to regret about the past that can't be changed can have a bad impact on the possibility of a happy future. Regret is a waste of time, emotion and energy. To make sure that your life is a successful one, you need to take action to live in a way that you have no regret holding you back.

    Some people make very big decisions with very little consideration at all, and as a result they often regret their decisions. Before choosing a college major, getting married or accepting a job, you must think about all conditions carefully and make a conscious decision rather than a careless one. Big decisions aren't the only ones that require forethought, though. Before you become angry and say something you will regret later, think about what you're going to say.

    Some of things will be easy to do and some will be hard, but keep your eyes on the prize of living a successful life without regret, and you'll find that achieving your goals might be easier than you think. But don't just daydream about those goals—make an actual list, written down in black and white, and refer to it now and then to see what you have left to do.

    When you're feeling happy and full of energy, taking care of yourself isn't a problem. But in those days when you feel like crawling beneath the bed and never coming out again, you still must take care of yourself. You can do what you want and don't get angry with yourself about your shortcomings. On the contrary, you just admit them and try to change them and move on. Improving your mental health is just as important as taking care of yourself physically.

    Keep those who are important to you very close and be sure to let them know how important they are to you. Family, friends, co-workers and people who are as close as your families are your lifelines that you can depend on whenever you need them to help you remember what's important in life. You should make sure of repairing your relationships with your friends if something bad happens.

    Last but not least, learn to give yourself some relaxation and not to waste your time regretting things you cannot change. Treat those things properly and move on. Life is hard, but it is precious. Don't waste time regretting the past, or your future will get here before you know it.

Title: Living without regret
Theme		Regret is a part of life. What you should do is to take action to make you life a success without regret.
for getting rid of regret		▲Regret about the past can greatly your possible happy future. ▲Regret wastes time, emotion and energy.
	twice before you act.	▲ Take everything into careful before making decisions or say something.
	the things you want to do.	▲Focus your eyes on the things which will bring you happiness. ▲Put your goals into .
	Take care of yourself.	Make sure that you are in good both physically and mentally.
	Keep close relationships.	Keep close to those who are important to you.
	Don't care about small things.	Don't regret things that are and treasure the present-day life.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead． You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.

    A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area——until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.

    It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.

A. On the other hand, black is depressing.

B. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as grow up——we are born with our preference.

C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.

D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.

E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.

F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.

G. Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it.

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

    Traffic Regulation and Accident Prevention

    We live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.

Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.

    It's all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.

    Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.

A. There are five reason for the accident and you are guilty.

B. Every year thousands of people are horribly killed, and we sit still and let it happen.

C. Surprisingly, society should smile at the driver and forgive him.

D. Someone has rightly said that when a person is sitting behind the steering wheel, his car becomes an extension of his personality.

E. All advertisements that emphasize power and performance should be banned.

F. It is time to develop a universal norm to reduce this senseless waste of human life.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    If you're a gamer who's constantly glued to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help.

    On June 18, 2018, the World Health Organization（WHO）officially listed “gaming disorder” as a mental health condition.

    “Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling（赌博）from a psychological point of view,” Mark Griffiths, a professor from Nottingham Trent University in the UK, told the Associated Press（AP）. “Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, while gamers use points.”

    “People need to understand this doesn't mean every child who spends hours in their room playing games is an addict, otherwise doctors are going to be flooded with requests for help,” Joan Harvey, a spokeswoman for the British Psychological Society, told AP.

     For example, a 21-year-old Chinese woman surnamed Wu in Guangdong province went blind in one eye after playing the mobile game King of Glory for a whole day. “On days when I have no work, I usually get up at 6 am, eat breakfast and play until 4 pm,” she told the South China Morning Post. “Then I'll eat something, have a nap（小睡）and play until 1 am.”

    Wu isn't alone. According to a study published by China Youth Daily, about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day.  In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.

    Other countries have also taken action.  Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children that lets their parents control what games they can download and how long they can play.

A. This means it's now on the same list as other mental illnesses.

B. Thankfully, measures have been taken to deal with the problem.

C. We often see people around us playing games on their mobile phones.

D. In South Korea, children are forbidden to play video games after midnight.

E. WHO's main work is to improve the mental health of individuals and society.

F. But if you lose control over your gaming habits, you'll face serious problems.

G. However, it doesn't matter if you play your favorite game now and then.

任务型阅读

    Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:

    Schedule yearly exams. Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.

    Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.

    Give your eyes a break. Two thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away.

    As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

    Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.

A. Eat your greens.

B. Eye care should begin early in life.

C. They can properly protect your eyes.

D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

E. Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.

F. Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.

G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. It all goes back to each country's distinct cultural heritage. B. American stories are rooted in realism; even our fantasies are rooted in realism. C. Both boys are characterized by their unique roles, thus breathing life into the fancy stories. D. Meanwhile, the United States, also a major player in children's classics, deals much less in magic. E. Britain's time-honored countryside, with ancient castles and restful farms, lends itself to fairy-tale invention. F. Both orphans took over the world of children's literature, but their stories unfold in noticeable different ways.

How the British and American Tell Children's Stories

    If Harry Potter and Huckleberry Finn were each to represent British versus American children's literature, a curious situation would emerge : In a literary competition for the hearts and minds of children, one is a wizard (巫师) - in - training at a boarding school in the Scottish Highlands, while the other is a barefoot boy drifting down the Mississippi, bothered by cheats, slave hunters, and thieves. One defeats evil with a magic stick, the other takes to a raft（筏）to right a social wrong.

    The small island of Great Britain is an unquestionably powerhouse of children's bestsellers: Alice in Wonderland, Harry Potter, and The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. Significantly, all are fantasies. Stories like The Call of the Wild. Charlotte's Web, Little Women, and the Adventures of Tom Sawyer are more notable for their realistic portraits of day-to-day life in the towns and farmlands on the growing frontier. If British children gathered in the dim light of the kitchen fireplace to hear stories about magic swords and talking bears, American children sat at their mother's knee listening tales with moral messages about a world where life was hard, obedience emphasized, and Christian morality valued. Each style has its virtues, but the British approach undoubtedly creates the kinds of stories that appeal to the furthest reaches of children's imagination.

    For one, the British have always been in touch with their pagan (异教徒的) folk traditions and stories, says Maria Tatar, a Harvard professor of children's literature. After all, the country's very origin story is about a young king tutored by a wizard. Legends have always been accepted as history, from Merlin to Macbeth. "Even as the British were digging into these magical worlds, Americans, much more realistic, always viewed their soil as something to exploit," says Tatar.

    American write fantasies too, but nothing like the British, says Jerry Griswold, a San Diego State University professor of children's literature. He said, "" To prove it, he mentioned Dorothy, the heroine of Wizard of Oz (绿野仙踪) who unmasks the great and powerful Wizard as a cheat. Meanwhile, American fantasies differ in another way: They usually end with a moral lesson learned - for example, in Oz, Dorothy's journey ends with the realization: "There's no place like home."

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的词。

    Rather than just fix what's disturbing you, positive psychology looks to actively improve individual and organizational well-being. Here's how Havas Worldwide is working to build a happier, more energetic- and ultimately more creative workforce.

    "There is a strong relationship between employee happiness and a workforce that is productive, creative, and flourishing." he says, pointing 10 lab studies designed to test creativity after participants have been made more and less happy, which shows creative levels improve when people are happier.

    It is an approach based on a relatively new branch of psychology called "positive psychology" which, in recent years, has been adopted as a management tool by a number of Fortune 500 companies.

    “Positive psychology' is about playing to strengths- enhancing positive emotions, rather than the old approach of using psychology to fix problems." Frude explains. “How we are using it is to demonstrate skills that help boost an individual's sense of well-being- for example, ways of building resilience (复原力)，or becoming more positive, or better managing your emotions in a positive direction by understanding what boosts or rewards you can give yourself to cause a positive emotional uplift.

    Build happiness and well-being among staff and in an organization will benefit from a more emotionally intelligent workforce: people who not only understand their own and other people's emotions but can manage their own and other people's emotions in a more effective way, too, which is what inspired Russ Lidstone, CEO of creative agency Havas Worldwide London whose clients include Credit Suisse, Santander, and Durex—to ask Frude and his company, the Happiness Consultancy, to help boost levels of happiness, well-being, and resilience in his agency's 240-strong workforce.

    "The notion that 40% of your brain can be trained to adapt is an interesting one. Another selling point for me is that a freed mind in a more confident and secure individual is more likely to feel free to express itself in different, innovative, and ultimately more creative ways."

    What all this means in practice is that, between now and the end of the year, every member of the 240-member staff based at Havas Worldwide's offices in London and Manchester will undertake a four-week course in positive psychology run by Frude.

    Each two-hour session is designed to share techniques, approaches, and interventions participants can then put into practice in the workplace. Then participants report back the following week.

    "This isn't about "fixing' a specific problem but making the organization work even better."

    Professor Frude insists "It's about helping individuals to get more out of their lives and enabling mangers 10 recognize the potential positive (and negative) impact that can come from putting people with a particular outlook into a team."

    Though these are early days, Lidstone says the experience has already affected his approach as CEO. Frude adds:" Lerning to manage your emotional wellbeing is like teaching a man to fish skill that will keep you going for a lifetime."

任务型阅读

How to Make a Good Cup of Tea

In his essay, A Nice Cup of Tea, George Orwell laid out 11 basic principles to make a good cup of tea, from warming the pot beforehand to stirring the leaves before pouring. He insisted that "the water should be actually boiling at the moment of impact, which means that one should keep it on the flame while one pours".

"Some people add that one should only use water that has been freshly brought to the boil, but I have never noticed that it makes any difference," he went on to state.

However, on that point at least, it seems he was wrong. William Gorman, one of Britain's leading tea experts, has now put forward that the water used for making a cup of tea should never be boiled more than once. "Usually when people's tea goes cold they reboil the kettle and make another cup. You need freshly drawn water for a good cup because reboiling it takes all the oxygen and nitrogen out of it, ruining its layered flavor."

Besides, Mr. Gorman advocates another practice of making tea, one that Orwell would surely have protested. Mr. Gorman said, " When you microwave tea, all you're doing is just moving the molecules around and getting it back up to a decent temperature. It is not impacting the flavor at all."

In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout, to catch the stray leaves, which are supposed to be harmful. Actually one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot, it never infuses properly. They agree by doing this, you actually risk losing a good cup of tea.

A. Beware of the high temperature of a microwave oven.

B. But doing this you will give yourself a dull cup of tea.

C. What he didn't insist on was that the water should be boiled just once.

D. However, they both argue against the use of tea-imprisoning devices.

E. He said the milk should be poured into the cup last, not first.

F. A better solution is to heat it with microwave for 10s.

任务型阅读

    Johannes Gutenberg was chosen to be the most important figure of the past millennium (千年) by the media. You may not be familiar with him.  Gutenberg is praised for having invented the printing press and therefore preparing the way for printing books.

    He was born into a wealthy family in the city of Mainz, Germany. In 1428, he moved to Strasbourg and lived there for almost 20 years.

    Gutenberg used his skills in metalwork for the mass production of books.  That means that each copy of the Catholic Bible and all of its 73 books were painstakingly handwritten by penmen. Gutenberg fashioned a font (字体) of over 300 characters, far larger than the fonts of today. To make this possible, he invented the variable-width mold (模具) and perfected the mixture of materials used by type factories.

    Between 1450 and 1455, while preparing to produce a large Latin Bible, Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books, a calendar, and so on. The Bible of 42 Lines, the oldest surviving printed book in the Western world, was completed by August 15, 1456.

    The invention of the modern printing press changed the way information was delivered.

    Even today in the computer age, we rely heavily on the printed word or text for instruction, information, and for the pleasure of reading literature.

A. Gutenberg made the world a much richer place.

B. But he has certainly influenced your life in some ways.

C. Gutenberg's idea was one of the greatest of all mankind.

D. By 1450, Gutenberg was back in Mainz at work on a printing press.

E. It was also responsible for educating the masses worldwide.

F. Before the spread of Gutenberg's idea, literature was primarily handwritten.

G. It was in Strasbourg that he probably made his first experiments with moveable type.

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement(偿付) , most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their positions. A company that reimburses employees for all college credit courses — whether job related or not —offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company.

One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the company's dedication to its employees and it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is to make investments in them.

  A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employ turnover, because even employees who don't take advantage of tuition reimbursement programs will be more devoted to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to pay for their education.

Although companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees, who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. Thus, throughout those years. the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesn't have to full a high—level vacancy from the outside.

Though unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment on the employer's part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.

A. In this way, companies will have more productive employees.

B. In today's economy, job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable.

C. In return, this dedication to the betterment of employees will create greater loyalty.

D. This is indeed a very limiting policy.

E. Even if employees do leave, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program.

F. Open positions can be assigned to people who already know the company well.

任务型阅读

Scientists have designed transparent wood that could replace conventional glass in windows.

The innovation was developed using wood from the balsa tree in South and Central America, which claims to be five times more thermally (保温地) efficient than glass. The team treated balsa wood in an oxidizing（氧化） bath that makes it nearly visible and then allows the light to pass through it with a synthetic polymer called polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - creating a product that is virtually transparent.

Unlike traditional glass, the transparent wood can stand much stronger force and will bend when damaged, instead of crashing.

The transparent wood was created by teams at the University of Maryland and University of Colorado, which set out to find a greener alternative to conventional glass.

Along with contributing to greenhouse gases, glass contributes to a loss of energy.

Residential building windows in particular account for 10–25% of the heat loss due to their poor thermal management capability. Exploring energy efficient window materials is thus highly desirable to address heating costs, energy shortages, and the global impact of climate change associated with increased carbon emissions(碳排放). The bonding between PVA and cellulose (纤维素)in the wood, creates a tightly packed structure that allows for more thermal protection and makes it more lasting and lighter than glass.

Switching to transparent wood could prove to be cost efficient as well. It is approximately five times more thermally efficient than glass, cutting energy costs. It is made from a sustainable, renewable resource with low carbon emissions. It's also harmonious with existing industrial processing equipment, making the transition into manufacturing an easy prospect.

任务型阅读

In high school, it's important to stay healthy. How can you study well if you're sick? So you should pay attention to your health in order to study well in high school. In order to enjoy good health, you should have some good habits. Here are some tips for you.

Drink water regularly every day. Some students don't like drinking water. They only drink water when they are extremely thirsty. You should drink water regularly so that your body and brain can function well. Avoid sports drinks and soda when you are thirsty. They are not good for your health.

 Some students don't eat three meals a day. No matter what happens, you should not skip any meal of the day. Eating regularly helps keep your metabolism(新陈代谢) rate high and keep your energy up. It's especially important to eat a good breakfast every day with protein, carbohydrates(碳水化合物), and fibre to set you up for the day of activity. If you don't eat, how can you stay focused in class?

Eat the right foods. Some students eat whatever they can get. This is wrong. Choose whole grains like rice and whole wheat flour. Skip muffins(松饼), donuts, and other processed foods. Instead, choose whole grains, fruit and vegetables.

 If you do that, you can get distracted(注意力分散的). Therefore, you may not pay attention to how much you are eating. You may eat too much. Eating too much harms your health. And you may gain too much weight because of it. Try to eat slowly so your brain sends the right signals to tell your belly that it's full.

A. Don't skip meals.

B. This is bad for their health.

C. Eat a good breakfast every day.

D. Avoid eating too much at one time.

E. Don't watch TV or movies when you eat.

F. If you are unhealthy, you may fall ill easily.

G. You should eat the foods that are good for your body.

Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. Patients can also improve the efficiency of their care. B. A final benefit of putting patients in charge comes from the production of their data. C. That shift is happening. D. With data at their fingertips, common standards to enable sharing and a strong stimulator to get things right, patients are more likely to spot errors. E. Medical data may not seem to lead to a revolution, but the flow of information is likely to bear fruit in several ways. F. It will make it easier for you to find other people with similar diseased and to see how they responded to various treatments.

A Digital Revolution in Healthcare is Coming

The internet already enables patients to seek online consultations when and where it suits them. Yet change demands a shift in emphasis, from providers to patients and from doctors to data. Technologies such as the smartphone allow people to monitor their own health. The possibilities multiply when you add the crucial missing ingredients - access to your own treatment and also to provide data to help train medical programmes.

One is better diagnosis. Someone worried about their heart can now buy a watch strap containing a medical grade monitor that will detect arrhythmias (心律失常). Apps are trying to see if they can diagnose everything from skin cancer to Parkinson's disease. Research is under way to see whether sweat can be analysed for molecular biomarkers without the need for an invasive blood test.

A second benefit lies in the management of complex diseases. Diabetes (糖尿病) apps can change the way patients cope, by monitoring blood-glucose levels and food intake, potentially reducing long-run harm such as blindness. Akili Interactive, a startup, plans to seek regulatory approval for a video game designed to stimulate an area of the brain implicated in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Although health records are increasingly electronic, many still contain data that machines cannot read. This can lead to delays in treatment, or worse. Many of the 250,000 death in America owed to medical error each year can be traced to poorly arranged care. On January 24^th Apple laid out its plans to ask organisations to let patients use their smartphones to download their own medical records.

阅读下面题目，选择画线部分的正确解释。其中有两项为多余选项。

A. to speak very quietly to sb ,so that other people cannot hear what you are saying B. Wait for the right moment to do sth. C. the act of communicating with sb,especially regularly D. making you feel embarrassed. E. Common people or things F. Help someone or something that has been in a serious accident G. Something that can be done without manipulation. H. Hoping to accomplish something or get something I. Something to do on a regular basis J. Make sure you can get something done. K. To be upset or very anxious L. The antonym of the big thing.