政治经济文化类 知识点题库

阅读短文，然后根据其内容从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。

Mr Li: Sam, did you enjoy your first Spring Festival in China?

Sam: Yes, I did. During this festival, many family members get together.

Mr Li: Yes. I hear that at Thanksgiving Americans also get together for a special meal. It sounds similar.

Sam: Yes. It's similar. During these holidays, both the Chinese and Americans come home and have a big dinner. It's great fun.

Mr Li: What do you think are the main differences between the Spring Festival and Thanksgiving?

Sam: Well, we take part in different activities and eat different kinds of food. In China, people usually set off fireworks and eat dumplings. In the US, we usually watch a Thanksgiving parade and an American football game on TV. We also eat turkey.

Mr Li: That's interesting.

阅读理解 The Information about Some Great Inventions

Invention	Wheel	Telephone	Light bulb	Paper
Appearing Time	A few thousand years ago	In 1876	In 1879	Around 2,000 years ago
Inventor	Unknown	Alexander BeIl	Thomas Edison	Cai Lun
Inventor's Nationality	Unknown	American	American	Chinese
Early Main Material	Wood	Plastic and metal	Glass and metal	Cotton or flax
Main Use	Making travelling faster	Used for communicating over distances	Giving light	Used for recording information

WordBox: lightbulb 灯泡  unknown 未知的  flax 亚麻

根据表格所提供的信息选择最佳答案。

A、阅读短文，完成下面的问题。 
   I  have a  good   friend．Her name is Linda She has a red  backpack．It is on the  sofa．She has  two blue dictionaries．They are on the desk in her room  She has a yellow quilt．It is on her bed. She likes tennis．She has four tennis rackets and eight tennis. They are under her bed．She likes  vollayball，too. But she doesn't like soccer．She thinks(认为)it is for boys．She plays tennis with  her sister in the morning and plays volleyball with  me in the  afternoon． 

All over the world, people enjoy sports. Sports are good for people's health. Many people like to watch others play games. They buy tickets or turn on their TV sets or may be online to watch.
Sports change with the seasons. People play different games in different seasons. Sometimes they play inside the room. Sometimes they play outside. We can find sports here and there. Some sports are rather interesting and people everywhere like them. Football, for example, is very popular in the world. People from different countries cannot understand each other, but after a game they often become very friendly to each other.

For many in the United States, Arab-Americans are an invisible part of the population. Though Arab-Americans as a community have made great contributions to American society in fields from literature to politics to medicine, many Americans know very little about Americans of Arab backgrounds.
Arab history in the United States goes back to the late 1800's when large numbers of Arab immigrants first began making their journey to a land known simply as “Amreeka”.
Historians generally describe Arab immigration to America in two waves. The first wave took place between 1860 and 1924.The first wave consisted of Lebanese and Syrian, and some Egyptian immigrants. These new immigrants, who were mostly Christian, came to America in search of better opportunities. Even the doomed Titanic, which set sail for America in 1912,had close to a hundred Arab passengers aboard. The majority of Arab-Americans today are descendents of the first wave of immigrants; they are the third or more generation Americans.
The second wave of immigrants followed after World War Ⅱ,caused by political unrest in the Middle East. This second wave of immigrants consists of mainly Arab Muslims（穆斯林）and continues to this day.
Arab-Americans make up 3 million of the population in the United States, according to demographers. And quite different from popular belief, 64 percent of them are American-born. Eighty-two percent of Arab-Americans are US citizens.
Arab-Americans are beyond the national average in both education and income. Education is important among Arab-Americans; 82 percent have high school diplomas, 36 percent have bachelor's degrees or higher, and 15 percent have graduate degrees. The-median（中位数的）average income among Arab-Americans is $39,580, which is higher than the US average.

根据文章内容，选择正确的答案。
   New York，London，Paris and other big cities are exciting places to live in. There are many interesting things to see and to go to. You can go to different kinds of museums，plays and films. You can also buy things from all over the world.
   But there are some problems in big cities too. It is expensive to live there and there are too many people in some places of big cities. Every year many people move to the cities to find jobs，to study at good schools.
   But sometimes these people can't find work or a good place to live in. Also it is hard to keep the cities safe(安全的）and clean.
   Some people enjoy living in big cities，others do not. Before moving to a big city，they should think about the problem of living there.

   Flags have existed for over 3,000 years. The earliest flags were wooden or metal poles with a carving. About 2,000 years ago pieces of fabric were added to some poles for decoration. Over the next 500 years the free-flying part of the flag became more important.

As time goes by, sports have become more and more important in people's modern life. People take part in different kinds of sports, like football, basketball, table tennis, swimming and so on.
Sports are popular all over the world. People also like watching sports matches. Sports stars are very popular with people, especially students.
There are sports matches all over the world nearly every day, but the most important and famous are the Olympic Games (奥林匹克运动会). Every athlete (运动员) want to win the games. At that time all sports fans sit in front of TV to watch games. Some even go to the stadium (体育馆) to watch.
Why are sports so popular? Because sports can keep our body strong. Do you like playing sports? How often do you exercise?

   More than a hundred years ago, an American produced (创造) a game. He called it indoor tennis. The Americans were not interested in it at first so he sent it to his London friends and it became very popular (流行) in Britain. The game was then played across the dining-room table or on the floor with the net hung between two chairs. In the early days ，the balls were made of cork (软木) or rubber. The bats(球拍) were made of wood.
   A few years later a hollow (空心) ball like the one we use today was invented. The game then quickly spread all over the world. An Englishman once made a bat covered with rubber. He first played the game in England and called it "ping - pong". "Ping" was the sound of the bat when it hit the ball, and "pong" was the sound of the ball when it hit the table.

Did you ever wonder how some of your favorite foods, products or toys came about? Believe it or not, they may have been an accident, or a failure of some other intention. Below, we found three mistakes we're thankful for turned out to be what they are.

1. Most historians hold that the Chinese invented fireworks in the 9^th century when they discovered how to make gunpowder. Story has it that a Chinese cook accidentally mixed together what were then considered common kitchen items and noticed they burnt. When put tightly in a bamboo tube and lit, it blew up.

2. In May of 1886, a law led John Pemberton, a pharmacist(药剂师), to rewrite the formula(配方) for "Pemberton's French Wine Coca", his popular headache treatment. Containing sugar instead of wine as a sweetener, the outcome became something for Coke, which was later mixed with carbonated(碳酸) water. His bookkeeper suggested the name Coca-Cola because he thought the two C's would look good together, which is how what we call Coca-Cola, a world-wide drink came into being.

3. During World WarⅡ, scientists at the University of Birmingham invented the magnetron(磁控管)—an important heat-producing part of the microwave oven. While working for Raytheon Corporation after the war, the American engineer Percy Spencer was testing the magnetron when a chocolate bar in his pocket melted. He went on to test other foods including popcorn kernels(仁), and found it to be a much more efficient way to cook. In 1947 Raytheon came out with the first restaurant microwave oven, which was six feet tall and weighed 750 lbs.

根据短文内容判断下列句子的正误。
    Football is, I suppose, the most popular game in England. In some important matches, you can see the rich and the poor, the young and the old all there, shouting and cheering for one side or the other.
    One of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams. He has photographs of them and knows the results of a large number of matches. He will tell you who he expects(预料) to win such and such a match(诸如此类的比赛).
    The schools arrange(安排) games and matches for their pupils. Football is a good game. It is good exercise for our body. It needs skills(技能) and wisdom(智慧) and it is popular and cheap. As a result, it is the school's favorite game in winter.

阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
The British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, ‘It's a little damp (潮湿的) outside.’ Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, ‘She isn't exactly friendly.’ Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidently falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What's more, the British love to watch comedies (喜剧) about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedies series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humor.
Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990. Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr Bean is popular in many countries round the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.

阅读理解。
B
    People drink tea. There are many kinds of tea. There is black tea. There is green tea. There is white tea. There is yellow tea. People drink a lot of tea in China. Some people drink it because it is good for them. It makes them healthy. Many people drink it because it tastes very good. It is delicious.
    People drink a lot of green tea in Japan. People drink a lot of green tea in South Korea, too. In Vietnam, people like to drink coffee first. Then they drink tea.
    People drink a lot of tea in England. Every afternoon, people drink tea. It's “tea time”. English people like to drink their tea with milk in it.
Many people drink black tea in the US. In the South, people like to drink sweet tea. Sweet tea is cold black tea with sugar (糖) in it.
    Most tea comes from China. Some tea comes from India or Sri Lanka. Kenya, Japan and Indonesia also grow (种植) tea.

阅读理解

    The Double Ninth Festival

    The Double Ninth Festival, also named the “Chong Yang Festival”, is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.

    The festival began as early as the Warring States Period (475-221 BC). In ancient time, numbers were mysterious and were divided into yin and yang. Yin means something of darkness and yang means life and brightness. The number nine is regarded as yang. The ninth day of the ninth month is a double yang day, so it is called “Chong Yang Festival”. (Chong means “repeat” in Chinese)

    People always climb mountains and drink chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival. It is hard to say when the customs were created. But there are many stories which are closely related. As recorded in a historical book of the sixth century, in ancient times, there lived a man named Huang Jing. He was learning the magic arts from Fei Changfang. One day, they were climbing a mountain. Fei Changfang suddenly stopped and looked very upset. He said to Huang Jing, “On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, a big trouble will come to your hometown”. You must go home immediately. Remember to make a red bag for each one of your family members and leave home quickly and climb to the top of a mountain. Most importantly, you must all drink some chrysanthemum wine. Only by doing so can your family members avoid the big trouble.

    On hearing this, Huang Jing rushed home and asked his family to do exactly as his teacher said. The whole family climbed a nearby mountain and did not return until the evening. When they got back home, they found all their animals dead, including chickens, sheep, dogs and so on.

    Since then, climbing a mountain and drinking chrysanthemum wine became the traditional activities of the Double Ninth Festival, to avoid evil spirits and bad luck. Nowadays, the Double Ninth Festival is also a time for family get-togethers to do some exercise as well as enjoy the autumn scenery.

阅读理解

    In Europe, small cars have always been more popular than large cars. In the United States, large cars and midsize cars are more popular than smaller cars. As a result, European automakers used to make different kinds of small cars while American automakers used to build bigger, heavier cars. However, these days, automakers in both America and Europe produce cars of different sizes. This is because most automakers export their cars all over the world.

    The price of gasoline (汽油)is one reason for differences in car choices. Since gasoline is more expensive in Europe, many Europeans want smaller, lighter cars that will travel a long way on a gallon（加仑）of gasoline.

    Other reasons also enter into the big or little car decision. Many European cities have narrow, winding（弯曲的） streets. In these cities a small car is easier to control than a large one.

    For a long time, few Americans bought small cars. Instead they chose large cars, because these roomy cars were more comfortable for large families and long trips. Some people also liked the powerful engines（发动机） that large cars had. Since gasoline was cheap, drivers did not mind that the large cars used a lot of gasoline.

    But in the 1970s, there were gasoline shortages in the United States. The price of gasoline went up. Though large cars were still more popular than smaller cars, sales of small cars increased. Some people also bought small cars because these cars caused less air pollution than larger cars.

    Today, Americans' car preferences are still changing. Though Americans are still buying many small cars, the fastest growing sales are for certain kinds of large cars. These types of cars are called minivans and sport utility vehicles(SUV). They are very popular today. But of course, that could change tomorrow.

阅读理解

    American people like to say “Thank you” when others help them or say something kind of them. People of many countries do so, too. It is a very good habit.

    You should say “Thank you” when someone passes you the salt on the table, when someone walking ahead of you keeps the door open for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is used not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters.

    “Excuse me” is anther short sentence they use. When you hear someone stay behind you, you know that someone wants to walk to past you without touching you. It's not polite to break others when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me” first, and then begin to talking. You should also do so when you begin to cough or make any noise before others.

阅读理解

    When you speak to foreigners, what will you do if you can't understand their languages? Will you use your body language to help you, or just say sorry to them and then go away? Learning spoken language is very important, but learning local gestures（手势） is also very necessary.

    I often use gestures to communicate with someone whose language I don't know. We use our hands to talk with each other. Although we don't understand the others' words, our hand movements make our conversation more necessary.

However, gestures aren't always clear. Different gestures may have different meanings in different countries and cultures.

    In many countries, people move their hands at someone to call him to come near. In the United States, people usually move hands at somebody with their palms（手掌） up and sometimes move just one finger. But in many countries in Asia, hand movements like that would be impolite. In Asia, many people move hands at someone with their palms down using all fingers.

    Do you use your thumb, your thick short finger to make gestures? In western countries, "thumbs-up" means agreement. But it is very rude in parts of Africa.

    If you want to say "OK" in America, you can make a circle with the thumb and the second finger. But in France, it means "zero", and it is very rude in many other countries.

    You can use your second finger to point at something but not at somebody in the United States. However, in some parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, pointing at anything with one's second finger is not polite.

    "V" form is often used when people take photos. But using two fingers to make up the "V" shape means "peace" in the West.

    The last example is that people in parts of Asia point to their noses to mean themselves, but people in western countries usually point to their chests.

    Gestures are important, but also have different meanings.

阅读理解

    Today there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700, London had no policemen at all. A few old men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid.

    About 300 years ago, London was starting to get bigger and more and more people began to live there. The city was very dirty and many people were poor. There were so many thieves who stole money in the streets that people stayed in their houses as much as possible.

    In 1749, Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people for stopping thieves. They were like policemen and were called "Bow Street Runners" because they worked near Bow Street.

    Fifty years later, there were about 120"Bow Street Runners", but London had become very big and needed more policemen. So in 1829, the first Metropolitan (or London) Police Service was started with about 3, 000 officers. Most of the men worked on foot, but a few rode horses.

Today, London police are quite well—paid and for the few police officers who still ride horses, the pay is even higher than for the others.

阅读理解

    When 4-year-old Prince George started his first day of school in September. Chinese language was on his curriculum(课程).

    And he wasn't alone. It is reported that about 51 percent of the parents in the UK want their children to learn Chinese, as it's believed to be one of the most useful languages to know.

    In the popularity of Chinese drove the UK government to start the Mandarin Excellence Programme in September last year. It aims to make at least 5.000 British state secondary school students be good at speaking Chinese by 2020.

    Yet, the UK isn't the only country showing a growing interest in Chinese.

    The language has become the second most spoken foreign language in the United States this year, after only Spanish, with over 2.1 million speakers.

    Many US famous people such as Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and Malia Obama, former US president Barack Obama's daughter, study Chinese as a second language.

    So far, 67 countries and regions have included Chinese in their national curriculum. So why are so many countries enthusiastic about learning Chinese?

    One reason could be that as China continues to develop rapidly. Chinese is increasingly becoming a useful tool for people's personal and professional growth.

    "I think everyone believes that Chinese will be the next great superpower…even if it's not a superpower like America. It's still very important." Aisling from Germany, who studied at the Renmin University of China, told Xinhua News Agency.

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

    People in different countries have different ways of doing things. Something that is polite in one country may be quite impolite in another. In Britain, you mustn't lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having some liquid (液体) food. But it's different in China. And in Japan you even needn't worry about making noises when you have it. It shows that you are enjoying it. But it is regarded as bad manners in Britain. If you are a visitor in Mongolia, what manners do they wish you to have? They wish you to give a loud "burp" (打嗝) after you finish eating. Burping shows that you like the food.

    In Britain, you should try not to put your hands on the table when you're having a meal. In Mexico, however, guests are expected to keep their hands on the table during a meal. But in Arab countries you must be very careful with your hands. You mustn't eat with your left hand. Arabs consider it very bad manners to eat with left hands. So, what should you do if you are on a visit in another country? Well, just do in Rome as the Romans do. You can ask the native (本土的) people to help you or just watch carefully and follow them.