题目

Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich, born on 31 May 1948, is a Belarusian investigative journalist and non-fiction prose writer, writing in Russian. She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature “for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time”. She is the first writer from Belarus to receive the award. Alexievich grew up in Belarus. After finishing school she worked as a reporter in several local newspapers before graduating from Belarusian State University and becoming a journalist for the literary magazine Neman in Minsk. She went on to a career in journalism and writing narratives from interviews with witnesses to the most dramatic events in the country, such as World War II, the Soviet–Afghan War, the fall of the Soviet Union, and the Chernobyl disaster. After political persecution (迫害) by the Lukashenko administration, she left Belarus in 2000. The International Cities of Refuge Network offered her shelter and during the following decade she lived in Paris, Gothenburg and Berlin. In 2011, Alexievich moved back to Minsk. According to Russian writer and critic Dmitry Bykov, her books owe much to the ideas of Belarusian writer Ales Adamovich, who felt that the best way to describe the horrors of the 20th century was not by creating fiction but through recording the evidence of witnesses. Belarusian poet Uladzimir Nyaklyayew called Adamovich “her literary godfather”. He also named the documentary novel I’m from the Burned Village by Ales Adamovich, Janka Bryl and Uladzimir Kalesnik, about the villages burned by the Nazi troops during the occupation of Belarus, as the main single book that has influenced Alexievich’s attitude to literature. Alexievich admitted the influence of Adamovich and added, among others, Belarusian writer Vasil Bykaŭ as another source of impact on her. Her most notable works in English translation include a collection of first-hand accounts from the war in Afghanistan (Zinky Boys: Soviet Voices from a Forgotten War) and a highly praised oral history of the Chernobyl disaster (Voices from Chernobyl). Alexievich describes the theme of her works this way: If you look back at the whole of our history, both Soviet and post-Soviet, it is a huge common grave and a blood bath. An eternal dialogue of the executioners and the victims. The accursed Russian questions: what is to be done and who is to blame. The revolution, the gulags, the Second World War, the Soviet–Afghan war hidden from the people, the downfall of the great empire, the downfall of the giant socialist land, the land-utopia, and now a challenge of cosmic dimensions — Chernobyl. This is a challenge for all the living things on earth. Such is our history. And this is the theme of my books, this is my path, my circles of hell, from man to man. Her first book, War’s Unwomanly Face, came out in 1985. It was repeatedly reprinted and sold more than two million copies. The book was finished in 1983 and published (in short edition) in Oktyabr, a Soviet monthly literary magazine, in February 1984. In 1985, the book was published by several publishers, and the number of printed copies reached 2,000,000 in the next five years. This novel is made up of monologues (独白) of women in the war speaking about the aspects of World War II that had never been related before. Another book, The Last Witnesses: the Book of Unchildlike Stories, describes personal memories of children during war time. The war seen through women’s and children’s eyes revealed a new world of feelings. In 1993, she published Enchanted with Death, a book about attempted and completed suicides due to the downfall of the Soviet Union. Many people felt inseparable from the Communist ideology and unable to accept the new order surely and the newly interpreted history. Her books were not published by Belarusian state-owned publishing houses after 1993, while private publishers in Belarus have only published two of her books: Voices from Chernobyl in 1999 and Second-hand Time in 2013, both translated into Belarusian. As a result, Alexievich has been better known in the rest of world than in Belarus. 66. According to the passage, Alexievich was able to win the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature mainly because ________. A. she is superior to other writers in literature      B. she is the greatest journalist all over the world C. she witnessed the most dramatic events in Belarus D. her works reflected the suffering and courage in her time 67. Who played a significant role in Alexievich’s literary world? A. Ales Adamovich and Vasil Bykaŭ.               B. Dmitry Bykov and Ales Adamovich. C. Uladzimir Kalesnik and Janka Bryl.            D. Vasil Bykaŭ and Uladzimir Nyaklyayew. 68. Which of the following is TRUE about Alexievich’s first book? A. It was not until 5 years later that the book was well received. B. It is written from the viewpoint of women and children involved in the war. C. It was first published by Belarusian state-owned publishing houses in 1984. D. It reveals something unknown about World War II to the public. 69. What can we know from the theme of Alexievich’s works? A. She discusses who is to blame for the wars in her works. B. She takes a practical view of the future for her motherland. C. Her works show sorrow and sympathy for war victims and her country. D. Her works merely focused on the disasters the Belarusian experienced. 70. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Some people were dependent on the Soviet Union with affection. B. Women and children are the main characters of Alexievich’s works. C. Voices from Chernobyl published in 1999 was written in Belarusian. D. Alexievich has been highly respected by the Lukashenko administration. 答案：DADCA

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