题目

   In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently,  48  side effects are also enormous.    To begin  49  , examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged  50  examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations. In addition, the most undesirable effect is  51  examinations encourage bad study habits. As  52  examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather  53   to think creatively.    In fact, few  54  us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development. If that is the case,  55  cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations? 答案：48. its   这里需要it形容词性物主代词来修饰side effects。 49. with  固定搭配to begin with 首先 50. by/from   固定搭配 judge by\from 由……判断 51. that  is后面缺少表语，后面的整个句子做is的表语，表语从句句子成分完整，故用that。 52. the  特指考试分数，用the。 53. than   rather than 而不是 54. of    固定搭配 few of 没几个   55. why 这里是个特殊疑问句，根据句意：如果确实如此，我们为什么不做一些改革，设计出比考试更有效、更可靠的评估方法来呢？

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