71．Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an a        to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas.

72．Not surprisingly, customs v       from culture to culture when it comes to table manners.

73．After what seemed a long time, we eventually arrived at the d      , where we would stay for the whole national holiday.

74．I have tried every possible means to find a s      to the problem, but in vain.

75．Nearly three months had gone by before the seriously injured firefighter showed a      (轻微的) sign of recovery.

76．All the job applicants should fill the form hand the form to the manager, with a photo a        to it.

77．To our great astonishment, the young man should get i        in an international crime.

78．The number of wild animals has been dropping over the last decade,      （威胁）the balance of eco-system.

79．As evidence began to accumulate, we all believed what he had stated was d       right.

80．I admire my English teacher, who is always           (乐观的) about life, no matter what happens.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2．只允许修改10处,(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Sir,

I've learned a teaching assistant for foreign teachers is wanted in your school. I'm writing to apply to the position.

First of all, I had graduated from Anhui University one month ago. Having exposed to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicate with others in fluently English, What's more, years of experiences of being monitor makes me a brilliant organizer, who will help a lot to keep the class in order. The most important factor is that I love kids, and I'm confident of my patience and care will undoubtedly, win his trust.

All in all, I think my enthusiasm and full sense of responsibility will make me a qualifying teaching assistant. I'd appreciate you if you could take my application into consideration.

Best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hun

       Michelle was a student at University of California, Los Angeles. She is here to tell us how she feels about the city.

What were the best things about Los Angeles?

       One of my favorite things about Los Angeles is the weather. I hate the cold and it never really gets that cold there. Plus, most of the time it’s usually sunny, which is good because I love going to the beach during the summer. There’s so much to do at the beach, but my favorite thing in L.A. was having a picnic on the sand with my friends.

What were the worst things about being there?

       I disliked having to drive everywhere to get around because the city is so spread out. Los Angeles has a lot of traffic and sometimes it takes a long time to get somewhere close by just because the streets are so crowded. Also, a lot of people complain about the pollution.

Did you have any problems there?

       Just the normal problems of living in any city, like watching out for pickpockets (扒手). Some people think Los Angeles has a lot of crime, but I think it’s as safe as any other city. Also, many people think driving is difficult because there is a lot of traffic and road rage (路怒症), but it just takes a little practice and a lot of patience.

What are the people like in Los Angeles?

       There are all types of people in Los Angeles since the city is pretty diverse. For the most part, though, most of the people are friendly, calm and relaxed. Some people say that everyone in Los Angeles is beautiful, but I think that’s just a stereotype (模式化的印象).

Would you go back to Los Angeles?

       Certainly. Los Angeles is one of my favorite cities in the world. I love the fact that it has all the nightlife and shopping of a big city, but also has access to beaches, parks, mountains and other places you can’t usually find in large cities. Between the weather and the beaches and all the fun things to do, it’s a great place to be.

28. We can learn from the text that Michelle _____.

A. hates the heavy traffic in Los Angeles           B. dislikes the cold weather in Los Angeles

C. thinks Los Angeles is small and crowded            D. enjoys driving everywhere in Los Angeles

29. What’s Michelle’s impression of the people in Los Angeles?

A. They get angry easily.             B. All sorts of people live there.

C. They are patient and amusing.       D. Everyone is kind and beautiful.

30. How does Michelle find Los Angeles?

A. Safe but noisy.             B. Relaxing but busy.

C. Polluted and dangerous.      D. Diverse and interesting.

31. We learn from the text that _____.

A. Michelle was born in Los Angeles        B. Michelle loved the life in Los Angeles

C. Los Angeles has many traffic accidents D. Michelle has no plan to return to Los Angeles

Scientists often see the first ten years of a child’s life as the “window of opportunity”.  36 And studies show that the following activities can benefit their brain greatly.

37 

Free playtime has always been an important part of “being a kid”, but it is also important to a child’s development. “Free play” not only helps kids develop different skills, it also helps them develop into happy healthy adults in the future.

Read with kids

       Reading has long been known to improve children’s intelligence.  38 For parents who don’t have much time, just surrounding your kids with books goes a long way too.

Put kids to bed early

39  Preschool children should get at least eleven hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least ten hours of sleep.

Learn a second language

       Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual (双语的) kids can perform better under pressure. Young children can learn new language with nearly perfect fluency and pronunciation.

Praise good effort not intelligence.

       Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into tasks. Kids, who are praised on intelligence, often feel it is a fixed quality, and mistakes or failures badly hurt their self-confidence. Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning.  40 

A.     Give them enough playtime.

B.     Everything at this time is very important to the development of a person’s brain.

C.    And they are not afraid to fail and try again.

D. Kids still need time away from the TV to do homework.

E. Studies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages, math and reading.

F. Play some helpful game.

G.    Kids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as well.

My mother used to ask me what the most important part of the body is. Through the years I would take a guess at what I thought was the correct answer. When I was younger, I thought sound was very important to us as humans, so I said: “My ears, Mommy.” She said: “No. Many people are deaf. But you keep thinking about it and I will ask you again soon.” Several years passed before she asked me again. Since making my first attempt, I had contemplated the correct answer. So this time I told her: “Mommy, sight is very important to everybody, so it must be our eyes.” She looked at me and told me: “You are learning fast, but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”

   Mother asked me a couple more times and always her answer was “No. But you are getting smarter every year, my child.” Then last year, my grandpa died. Everybody was hurt. Everybody was crying. My mom looked at me when it was our turn to say our final goodbye to grandpa. She asked me: “Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?”

   I was shocked when she asked me this now. She told me: “This question is very important, especially at this moment. How you answer it can truly shows whether you have learned about life. For every body part you gave me in the past, I have told you were wrong and I have given you an example why. But today is the day you need to learn this important lesson.”

  I saw her eyes well up with tears. She said: “My dear, the most important body part is your shoulder.” “Is it because it holds up my head?” I asked. “ No, it is because it can hold the head of a friend or a loved one when they cry,” she replied:“ Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometime in life, my dear. I only hope that you have enough love and friends that you will always have a shoulder to cry on when you need it.”

21. The mother ask the question again after the grandfather died because _____.

A. the answer was a way of honoring the grandfather.

B. at that moment, other body parts were less important.

C. the answer needed to be given to all members of the family.

D. at that moment the answer seemed especially true.

22. The underlined word “contemplated” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.

A. tested out      B. thought about     C. made up        D. adjusted to

23. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?

A. The author was becoming smarter by answering the question.

B. The mother wanted the author to be both loving and loved.

C. The mother was trying to train the author to think on his or her own.

D. The author didn’t think the mother’s answer was correct.

24. The best title for this article might be ______.

A. The Most Important Body Part       B. The Importance of family

C. The Importance of the Shoulder      D. A Life-long Question         

     Thomas Edison was one of ten said to be the greatest genius（天才） of his age. There are only a few men in all of the history, who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy only because someone said he was a genius.“ There is no such thing as genius,”Edison said.He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work.
      But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker..From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature.Nature, he often said,is full of secrets.He tried to understand them;then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.
Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure.
      Edison could not understand how anyone could be uninterested in life. As he loved to think, he also loved to work. On the day he became 75 years old, someone asked him what ideas he had about life. “ Work,” he answered. “Discovering the secrets of nature and using them to make men happier.” He said he had enough inventions in his mind to give him another 100 years of work.
1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
  A. Edison invented the electric light.
  B. Many other people have changed Edison’s life.
  C. Edison has changed the life of many other people.
  D. Few men in history can change other people’s life.
2.Edison thought              .
  A.he could be happy if he was a genius
  B.genius plays the most important part in one’s success
  C.hard work could do better than genius
  D.genius could do better than hard work
3.Edison was              .
  A.very much interested in nature
  B.interested in discovering the secrets of nature
  C.interested in changing people’s ideas
  D.uninterested in making people happier by discovering the secrets of nature
4.In Edison’s opinion,            .
  A.thinking can supply people with enjoyment and pleasure as well as help
  B.people’s successs lies mostly in genius
  C.hard work is the second important thing in making people successful
  D.there are few secrets for him to discover later
5.The last sentence in the passage most probably implies           .
   A.life is too short for Edison to invent more for human beings
 B.Edison made 100 inventions in his life
 C.Edison was able to live and work for 100 years 
 D.People of his time were ready to give Edison another 100 years’ work

Americans are a strange people. They work like mad, then give away much of what they earn. They play until they are exhausted, and call this a vacation. They live to think of themselves as hard-hearted business men, yet they are push-overs for any hard luck story. They have the biggest of nearly everything including government, motor cars and debts. Yet they like to think of themselves as little people, average men, and they would like to cut everything down to their own size. They show off their tall buildings, high mountains, long rivers, big state, the best country, the best world, the best heaven. Yet they also have the most traffic deaths, the most waste, and the most liars.

When they meet, they are always telling each other, “Take it easy,” then they rush off like crazy in opposite directions. They play games as if they were fighting a war, and fight wars as if playing a game. They marry more, and go broken more often. They love children, animals, mother, work, excitement, noise, nature, television shows, comedy, high pace, sports, the underdog, the hero, the flag, Christmas, jazz, shapely women and muscular men, classical recordings, crowds, comics, cigarettes, warm houses in winter and cool ones in summer, thick beefsteaks, coffee, ice cream, informal dress, plenty of running water, do-it-yourself, and a working week limited to forty hours or less.

They crowd their highways with cars while complaining about the traffic, troop to movies and television while blaming the quality and the advertisements, go to church but don’t care much for sermons (布道), and drink too much in the hope of relaxing—only to find themselves drunk into even bigger dreams.

There is of course, no typical American. But if you added them all together and then divided by 226, 000, 000 they would look something like what this chapter has tried to describe.

28. What may be the best title of the passage? ______.

    A. The Americans.       B. Life in America.    C. Strange people.      D. Great America

29. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Para.1? ______.

    A. They like listening to bad luck stories.

    B. They push the interesting stories away.

    C. They can easily be moved by sad stories.

    D. They are informed of good luck stories often.

30. Which one of the following is probably NOT what the Americans love? ______.

    A. noise                B. advertisement        C. smoking          D. fresh water

31. In what way did the author write this passage? ______.

    A. By comparison.                           B. By giving examples. 

C. By experimenting.                        D. By telling stories.

I was doing a big clean-up recectly and my kids were helping.One of my sons  41  a knotted handkerchief

with an old dark brown coin inside, which immediately   42  me of another time．

In 1991，I had spent five months in Niger.a hot African country. The climate and beggars were biggest and most  43  complaints.Street beggars would continually shout”Gift!Gift!”

One day，a friend and I  44   for neighboring Burkina  to work in a health clinic．Arriving by taxi at our destination ,we began to  45  .I had a large  backpack and a smaller daypack.Out of the darkness,a motorbike with two men approached slowly.Without  46 ,one of the men grabbed my daypack  as the motorbike swept close by．Within seconds ,they were  47  up by the night .The bag had my passport，money，and other  48  precious to me．I was in deep trouble.  

In the weeks that followed, I cautiously  49  the rest of my valuables and regarded all  50  with suspicion .All I wanted was to leave this place．

Then,walking through Burkina’s streets one day，I met an old woman “Gift!Gift!” she cried. I’d had enough! I was  51  of the country．Its poverty ,its thieves,and the heat,I told her   52  ，“ I have no  ‘gift’,,I have no money. A thief stole all my money two weeks ago and now I can’t get out of your country.I cannot give you 53 . The beggar woman listened attentively.Then she smiled  54 she reached into her dress.   

“Then I will give you a   55 ,” she announced．Kindly，she placed an old ,dark brown coin in my hand. I looked at it  56  ．It was small amount of money -but for this woman ,the coin represented a meal.In that moment ,I felt  57 ,Though poor,she was able to give me something priceless. I saw then the   58   beauty of the people there and appreciated deeply the quiet  59 of the poor.I hope never to part with the cion  she gave me . With one small coin,she   60  my belief completely.

41.A.came across          B.sought for          C.fixed on       D.made out

42.A.recalled                    B.reminded                C.informed                D.warned

43.A.consistent                       B. Instant                   C.urgent                    D.constant

44.A.sent                          B.went                              C.headed           D.called

45.A.move                        B.unload                    C.run                  D.work

46.A.warning                    B.thinking                  C.calling             D.planning

47.A.turned                             B.disappeared           C.swallowed       D.come

48.A.precious                   B.expensive                      C.various            D.serious

49.A.buried                             B.saved                     C.carried            D.guarded

50.A.thieves                     B.locals                     C.beggars          D.women

51.A.tired                         B.seared                   C.proud              D.aware

52.A.sadly                        B.calmly                     C.angrily             D.patiently

53.A.nothing                     B.something              C.everything       D.anything

54.A.until                          B.as                           C.while               D.after

55.A.gift                            B.coin                        C.hand                      D.favor

56.A.with joy                     B.in anger                 C.with fear          D.in shock

57.A.proud                              B.ashamed                       C.grateful           D.disappointed

58.A.specific                     B.available                       C.unexpected     D.untouched

59.A.race                         B.respect                   C.origin              D.dignity

60.A.held                          B.created                  C.changed                D.ruined

I teach biology at UNLV three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I cheerfully asked my   1   how their weekend had been. One young man said that his weekend had not been so   2  . He had his wisdom teeth removed. Then he went on to ask me why I always seemed to be so   3  .

His question   4   me of something I'd read somewhere before: “Every morning when you get up, you have a   5   about how you want to deal with life that day,” I said. “I choose to be cheerful.” 

“Let me give you an example,” I   6  , addressing (对...强调)all sixty students in the class. “In   7   to teaching here at UNLV, I also teach out at a   8   in Henderson, 17 miles down the   9   from where I live. One day a few weeks ago I drove those 17 miles to Henderson. I exited the highway and turned onto College Drive. I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college. But just then my car   10  . I tried to start it again, but the   11   wouldn't work.   12   I turned my flashers on, took my books, and   13   down the road to the college.

 “As soon as I got there, I called and   14   for a tow truck to meet me at my car after   15  . The secretary there asked me what had happened. “This is my   16   day,” I replied, smiling.

She was   17  . “What do you mean?”

“My car could have broken down anywhere along the highway. It didn't.” I replied. “  18  , it broke down in the perfect place: off the highway,   19   walking distance of here. I'm still able to teach my class, and I've been able to arrange for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car was meant to break down today, it couldn't have been arranged in a more convenient   20  .”

I ended my story. In spite of the early hour, no one in my class seemed to be asleep. Somehow, my story had touched them. …

1. A. schoolmates       B. children             C. teachers         D. students

2. A. bad           B. good                 C. sad              D. free

3. A. curious           B. false                C. grateful         D. cheerful

4. A. overcame      B. rid              C. reminded         D. warned

5. A. decision          B. choice           C. preference           D. judgment

6. A. laughed       B. demanded        C.continued          D.smiled

7. A. contribution      B. devotion         C. application          D. addition

8. A. school            B. college          C. university           D. institute

9. A. highway       B. railway          C. road                 D. path

10. A. broke            B. died             C. reduced          D. finished

11. A. instrument       B. wheel                C. light                D. engine

12. A. But          B. And              C. So               D. Or

13. A. marched      B. drove                C. rode             D. followed

14. A. prepared         B. looked               C. waited               D. arranged

15. A. class            B. work                 C. study                D. lunch

16. A. lucky            B. unusual          C. precious             D. worthy

17. A. astonished       B. excited          C. puzzled          D. pleased

18. A. Anyway       B. Instead          C. Also                 D. Still

19. A. within           B. beyond           C. without          D. along

20. A. order            B. need             C. way              D. situation

How to Become Cleverer?  Once a boy came to ask a fisherman how to become cleverer, because his mother always called him “foolish boy”.

“That’s easy,” answered the fisherman. “I know one way to make you become cleverer.”

“Really?”

“Of course.  It is said a fish head is good for brain. If you eat one, you’ll become cleverer indeed. Pay only three pounds for one fish head.” The boy paid him three pounds and the fisherman cut off a fish head and handed it to him.

A raw fish head is not good—not even for a hungry boy to eat but the boy ate it up in two gulps.

“Do you feel anything?” asked the fisherman.

“Not in my head,” said the boy.

The boy lay on the ground and thought. “One whole fish costs only two pounds. I had paid him three pounds for the fish head. Why couldn’t I have the whole fish for soup, a head for brain and one pound left over?” He jumped up and shouted at the fisherman. “You thief! You are fooling me!” The fisherman laughed, saying, “The fish head works now, you see.

21. The boy ate up the raw fish head only in two gulps, because he __________.

A. enjoy it                     B. wanted to taste it

C. took it as a good medicine      D. was a foolish boy

22. The boy came to the fisherman in order to __________.

A. buy a fish head                B. ask the fisherman a question

C. buy a whole fish               D. A and C

23. __________ helped the boy become cleverer.

A. A good meal          B. The raw fish head

C. Nothing             D. What had happened

76. No one wants to make friends with him, because he likes to play t__________ on others.

77. My parents lent me money. O __________, I couldn’t have afforded the trip.

78. When I listened to the song, it r__________ me of my hometown.

79. When we got to the top of the mountain, we took a deep b__________ of fresh air.

80. He was afraid of failure because he did not want to I__________ face before his classmates.

81. At least 30 miners were killed, 22 i__________ （受伤）and 8 trapped in the earthquake.

82. If the pain continues, c__________（咨询） your doctor without delay,

83. It’s rude to__________(盯着) at strangers in public.

84. What he said__________(使信服) me that I was mistaken.

85. Her child was missing. No__________(难怪) she was upset.

    Did you know that there is a fruit juice that you can cook with, wash. with and   41   things with? What is it? It's olive oil, of course, and it's fast becoming the most popular   42   in the world.

      43   people in Mediterranean countries such as Greece, Italy and Spain have been using olive oil for over 4,000 years, it has only recently become   44   in other parts of the world. In fact, people beyond the Mediterranean used to think of olive oil as a(n)  45   but expensive treat.   46  , recent studies linking an olive oil-rich   47   with low rates of heart disease have made the rest of the world sit up and   48  . As a result, more and more people have come to realize the many health and nutritional   49   of giving up other oils and using

olive oil instead. As well as tasting delicious and being the   50   cooking oil available, olive oil has many other   51  . It is used.in many cosmetics(化妆品), hair conditioners and soaps. It also has a wide variety of lesser-known uses, such as fixing noisy doors and   52    polishing diamonds. It's a also a preservative (防腐剂), and will keep fish and cheese   53   for years.

    Perhaps more important, though, is olive oil's value as   54  . Not only can eating olive oil   55   the risk of serious diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, it can also have a   56   effect on many stomach disorders. On top of this, Mediterranean people have traditionally used it to   57   minor wounds and illnesses. This could explain why people in Mediterranean countries tend to   58   longer. So the next time you go shopping, don't  59  to add olive oil to your list. It will make your food   60   better and your life last longer! 

41. A. mix              B. fill             C. cover        D. preserve

42.A.fruit              B.oil           C.juice             D.plant

43. A. Because          B. Although         C. When         D. Since

44. A. popular          B. natural          C. nutritional      D. expensive

45. A. native       B. common       C. familiar         D. unusual

46. A. Besides          B. Otherwise    C. Therefore    D. However

47. A. diet             B. soap         C. cheese       D. stomach

48. A. stay hungry      B. keep calm    C. make faces       D. take notice

49. A. problems         B. benefits         C. goals        D. challenges

50. A. cheapest         B. latest       C. healthiest       D. earliest

51.A. uses              B.ways              C. origins          D. sources

52. A. still            B. once         C. even         D. again

53. A. clean            B. fresh        C. safe             D. dry

54. A. food             B. treasure         C. drink        D. medicine

55. A. face             B. increase         C. lower        D. measure

56. A. good             B. limited          C. slight       D. negative

57. A. check            B. spread       C. develop          D. treat

58. A. sleep            B. live             C. eat              D. walk

59. A. choose       B. forget       C. agree        D. expect

60. A. feel             B. look             C. taste            D. grow

4月23日是“世界读书日”（World Reading Day），假如你是班长，请你起草一份倡仪书，号召全班同学以实际行动迎接“世界读书日”的到来，为创建“书香校园”，多读书、读好书，养成课外读书的好习惯。字数120左右。

倡仪书应包括以下内容：

1．现状（ 看电视、上网时间更多）

2．列举一些阅读的好处；(丰富知识，完善自我)

3．建议每位同学每学期至少读1—2本好书。

开头已给，不计入词数。

Good morning! Boys and girls

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Perhaps you have heard the expression- when in Rome, do as the Romans do. So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, to make marketing plans, and to run your business by local laws.

   16   The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners. Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country’s culture and language.

The first thing you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look the person in the eye. In social meeting with friends, kissing is common.

Use first names only after being invited to.    17   The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.

Dress well.   18   Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status. Always try to be tasteful and stylish. Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly. Wearing make-up is practised widely by businesswomen.

The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours.     19  

Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate.   20  This may suggest that you find the food tasteless. If eating in a restaurant, the person who invites always pays.

A. The French draw information about people based on their appearance.

B. This is a time for relationship building.

C. Remember to be as polite as possible.

D. Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.

E. Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.

F. Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.

G. Make an appointment with your business partner in advance.

In a land often shaken by earthquake, how have Japan's wooden pagodas（佛塔）remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confident for ages about their resilience（抗震性）.

For centuries, many believed the resilience of pagodas is caused by its big central columns known as shinbashira which actually does not carry any weight at all but is hanging down loosely from the top of the pagoda through the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.

 And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central column? Mr. Ishida, known as ‘Professor Pagoda’ has built a series of models and tested them on a ‘shake-table’ in his laboratory. In short, the shinbashira was acting like a big pendulum（钟摆）.Under pressure, a pagoda’s loose floors could be made to move back and forth independently. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance—with each floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbors above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, made it unlikely that individual floors moved too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, transmitting energy away along the column. 

Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is its shape, with each floor being smaller than the one below, In other words, a five-storey pagoda contains no column that travels right up through the building. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other. They are simply put on top of another like a small hill of hats.

The extra-wide eaves（屋檐）also play a part. Think of them as a balancing pole of tightrope –walkers. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for tightrope walker to maintain his or her balance. The same holds true for a pagoda.

28.Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to       .

A. put the pendulum into practice.

B. gain insight into the “shake-table” model.

C. learn about the function of the shinbashira.

D. locate shinbashira’s exact position in a pagoda.

29.The underlined word “loose”in paragraph 3 can be replaced by        ?

A. lost                    B. relaxed                            C. base                         D. shakable

30. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?

A. Some columns may extend from the bottom to the top of a pagoda.

B. The functions of extra eaves and balancing poles are similar.

C. The storeys of a Japanese pagoda aren’t built firmly.

D. Pagodas’s amazing resilience has long puzzled scholars.

31. What is the best title for the passage?

A. How Shinbashira Plays Its Role                       B. Why Pagodas Do Not Fall Down

C. Distinct Features of Japanese Architecture        D. Shuzo Ishida, a Famous Engineer

INDEPENDENCE

Most people in the US believe that independence is very important. They do not think of themselves as

representatives of their families, communities, or social class. Students think those who depend on their family are dependent. Teachers expect students to be independent, to work alone, and to produce original work.

EQUALITY

The Declaration of Independence states, “All men are created equal." In many ways, people believe this; you can see equality in such common practices as waiting in line. When you go to the bank or to the post office, you will be asked to take a number and wait. No matter how important you are, you will be treated like anyone else; first come, first served. You can also see equality in the classroom. All students are the same in the eyes of the professors. Similarly, professors sometimes ask students to call them by their first names.

PUNCTUALITY （准时）

Many people in the US are very punctual and organize their activities around schedules. Being late is rude. If you cannot be on time， tell the people who are waiting for you. For business appointments, you should arrive a few minutes early. For social appointments, you should arrive 10-15 minutes after the appointed time.

MATERIALISM （物质主义）

Success in the US is often measured in dollars. Many people in the US think more about money and material possessions than people in other countries. As a result, you may think that people ignore those more important things in life, like love and friendship. This is not true: like people in every country, most people in the US still value friendship or love more than wealth.

28. Professors ask students to call them by their first names in order to _____.

A. show that they are all equal                 B show that they are respectable

C. prove that they love the students                D. give the students freedom.

29. If one earns lot f money in the US, he or she _____.

A. will never think of earning more money       B. will be regarded as a successful person

C. will consider wealth to be less important        D. will ignore love and friendship

30. According to the text, Americans _____.

A. are the most punctual people in the worldB. always arrive early for appointments

C. encourage students to cooperate with othersD. look down on those who rely on their parents

31. The text mainly tells readers _____.

A. that America is a very independent countryB. about the important characteristics of Americans

C. how Americans live, work and study      D. that Americans are all very punctual

71.You have _________ (暴露) the soldiers to risks in fact.

72.I wonder if you have any interest in _____________ （建筑艺术）.

73.He is a man who is _________（缺乏）in responsibility.

74. I think that we have reason to be ____________（乐观的）.

75.Mr. Wang is just one of the ____________ （受害者）；the thieves stole money

from their houses.

76.The boy was badly injured in the traffic accident. As a result, he was a        

   by three nurses.

77.I keep my reference books near my desk for c            .

78.P       the button, and then the machine will work.

79.I wish to turn on the light. Where is the s          ?

80.When it comes to the job interviews, first i            are very important.

41. Brian Blakey has a good wife, ________ whom he couldn't live this lifestyle.

42. Usually, it is not until two o'clock in the morning ________ he switches off TV.

43. He ______________ (suffer) lots of hardships before he became a football star.

44. So fast _______light travel that it's difficult for us to imagine its speed.

45. —Could you be here a bit earlier next time? I can't stand ________ (keep) waiting.

—Sorry, Lucy. I was caught in heavy traffic.

46. _________(suppose) it rains，can we play the match indoors?

47. _______ (feed) up with the long and boring argument, some people slipped out of the hall before    

   the meeting was over.

48. In her spare time, she does_______ (volunteer) work.

49. The top one-third of all high school ______ (graduate) are entitled to an education at California

   State University.

50. The UN was supposed to give aid to ______it was most needed.

假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加出加一个漏字(∧),并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Ms Smith,

I am secretary of the City Student Union (CSU). We were organizing an art exhibition for high school student in city. This will be hold on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai. More than 1000 paining will be on show, but high school students from all the eight districts will come to the event. As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students, we'd like to invite for you to the exhibition. We would be grateful when you could join them that day. Looking forward to hear from you soon.

Yours,

Li Hua

 Cowboy or spaceman? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our economies, he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, confident that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is less a grassland than a spaceship—a closed system, alone in space, carrying limited supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental limits. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists”, as they call themselves, want to revolutionise its aims and assumptions. What do they say—and will their ideas achieve lift-off?

To its advocators, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognise that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is ignored in conventional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a mistake, say ecological economists.

There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through more intensive use of resources. Only the former, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP, a crude measure which does not take account of resource exhaustion, unpaid work, and countless other factors. In its place they advocate moreholistic(全面的) approaches, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), a composite index(复合指标) that includes things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person peaked in 1978: by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, says Herman Daly, a former World Bank economist and eco-guru, is a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held constant.

Mainstream economists are unimpressed. The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists warn against self-satisfaction. In 2009 a paper in Nature, a scientific journal, argued that human activity is already overstepping safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity(生物多样性) and climate change. That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.

74. Kenneth Boulding and the content of his essay at the beginning of this passage are meant to  .

A. point out how ignorant of nature the cowboys are

B. blame human beings for their exploitation of nature

C. ask people to take seriously the environment limits

D. introduce ecological economists and ecologist economics

75. According to ecological economists, what is the mistake existing in conventional textbooks?

A. Ecology and economics are not mixed together

B. Human economy isn’t recognized as parts of nature

C. The environment has both resources and wastes

D. Diagrams connect firms, households and the government

76. The comparison between GDP and GPI data in 1978 has warned us that     .

A. GDP is crude measure that is not worth using

B. car accident should by all means include in GDP

C. we are gaining material wealth by destroying nature

D. resources and energy will one day be totally used up

77. Which in the following will the author probably agree?

A. the aims and assumptions of economics need to be revolutionized

B. GDP and GPI should be both accepted by mainstream economists

C. Human beings can always find solutions to all the annoying problems

D. Ecological economists’ concerns about the world are worth noticing.