I remember picking up my first magazine when I was eleven years old. It was celebrity monthly for teens — and I had a deep interest in it. Every week it would arrive y mailbox in suburban Wisconsin. I would race up to my bedroom and read the whole thing one sitting. It was filled with perfect Hollywood stars, dating and beauty tips and gossip. I felt  like I was “ in the know.”

    My subscription(订阅）list expanded as I got older — to Seventeen, Teen Vogue, and  Glamour. I would read each issue back to back, taking in the messages of what resulted in the perfect boyfriend, body and life. I was a typical teen girl, and I was obsessed with these things —always wondering why I was only six inches tall. I would diet and exercise, but I never seemed to look like the women in my magazines.

    As I grew older, I started to realize that most of the images I was comparing myself with weren’t realistic. I read about how images are retouched, and it brought me down to reality. Suddenly, I had a new obsession: starting a magazine where the models were everyday girls and women who looked like me. My dream job was to be the editor-in-chief of a women's magazine — but one thing is much different from our ordinary magazines. The magazine wouldn't focus on celebrities. Everyone would just be real people with real stories.

    As it turns out, there are two women who are pursuing just that — via the first “no photoshop” fashion magazine, a bi-monthly one called Verily, which published its first issue in June. Verily never changes the body or face of its models. The goal of our magazine is to celebrate the best state of us.

21. From the first paragraph we can see that the author     .

A.was deeply absorbed in J14

B. was eager to become a film star

C. Was tying to make herself beautiful  

D.made friends with many famous stars at her time

22.What are the underlined words in Paragraph 2 ?

A. They are famous stars.   B.  They are magazines,

C. They are film studios    D.  They are teen films.

23.What can we infer from paragraph 2 about the author?

A. She was a very foolish girl.

B. She wanted to be well off.

C. She was young and innocent.

D.She tried to appear in the magazine.

24.The purpose of the magazine Verily is to     .

A.show the life of famous film stars

B. tell us how to become famous  in life

C. explain how to keep yourself slim 

D.reflect the life of ordinary people

   Self-control can make you happier not only in the long-run, but also in the moment.

   The research showed that self-control isn’t about giving up desires, but more about managing conflicting goals. Since most people consider highly self-controlled ones as being more task-centered, the scientists decided to find out the connection between self-control and people’s happiness to determine if being self-disciplined leaves people feel less joyful.

Through a set of tests-including one that assessed 414 middle-aged participants on self-control and another that randomly interviewed volunteers on their smart phones about their mood and any desires they might be experiencing, researchers found a strong connection between higher levels of self-control and satisfaction.

The smart phone experiment also showed how self-control may improve mood. Those who showed the greatest self-control reported more good moods and fewer bad ones. But this didn’t appear to be linked to being more able to resist temptation—it was because they exposed themselves to fewer situations that might inspire desires in the first place. They were doing a number of things that bring them happiness and avoiding problematic desires and conflicts.

That became clear in the study’s last experiment, which looked into how self-control affects the way people handle goals that conflict with one another. In particular, the researchers were interested in how self-disciplined and less-disciplined people differed when it came to choosing among “virtues” and “vices” like the pleasure of eating sugar cookie vs. the pain of gaining weight. Participants were asked to list three important goal conflicts they experienced regularly and were also questioned on how they managed to balance the goals.

    The highly self-controlled showed an obvious difference from those with less discipline over their lives. They tended to avoid creating situations in which their goals would conflict, and reported fewer instances of having to choose between short-term pleasure and long-term pain. As a result, they experienced fewer negative emotions.

And self-control doesn’t always mean self-denial: it may mean saving now to get big payoff later. For dieters, it means making choices to avoid entering a bakery since you are more likely to buy a cupcake. Granted, self-control isn’t the best way to instant satisfaction, but it may bring something even better: long-term contentment.

28. According to the research, the self-controlled people _____.

A. enjoy less pleasure of life

B. focus less on completing their tasks

C. make others feel less delighted

D. are better solving problems and conflicts

29. From the smart phone experiments, the researchers found self-controlled people _____.

A. like to challenge more goals

B. may have more good moods

C. are easier to resist temptation

D. are less satisfied with their life

30. Different from the less-controlled ones, the highly self-controlled people_____.

A. rarely prefer pleasures

B. often create conflicting goals

C. like to put up with pain

D. stay away from negative emotions

31. The underlined word ‘self-denial’ in the last paragraph probably means______.

A. self-sacrifice

B. self-help

C. self-confidence

D. self-improvement

Alibaba’s finance arm has shown a payment service that will allow virtual reality shoppers to pay for things in future just by nodding their heads. VR Pay, the new payment system, is part of Alibaba’s efforts to capitalize on the latest technology in online shopping.

In 2015, for example, it introduced a facial recognition technology for Alipay mobile payments service advertised as “ pay with a selfie (自拍)”. The VR payment technology means people using virtual reality goggles for payment. With this, you will never need to take out your phone.”

User identity can be verified (验证) on VR Pay via voice print technology that recognises each person’s unique voice. Lin said this was the most convenient method in a VR setting compared with other recognition technologies. But passwords will still be needed for authentication (证明), which the user can also enter with head movements, touch, or by staring at a point on virtual display for longer than 1.5 seconds.

VR pay is expected to be ready for commercial launch soon. The new VR-based payment system can make VR “ a tool rather than just a toy” by connecting various VR goggle makers and app developers to the Alipay payments platform.

Ant Financial Services Group, which displayed VR Pay in Shenzhen on Wednesday, operates China’s largest online payments service with more than 450 million users. In September, it bought US company Eye Verify, a maker of optical (视觉的) verification (验证) technology used by US banks including Wells Fargo.

32. What can virtual reality shoppers do with the help of VR pay?

A. Buy things at lower prices.

B. Pay for goods by nodding.

C. Find whatever they want to buy.

D. Communicate with sellers easily.

33. What’s the key feature of VR Pay？

A. It’s very easy to operate.

B. It doesn’t need any passwords.

C. It uses a facial recognition technology.

D. It needn’t be connected with other devices.

34. What can be inferred from the text?

A. VR pay will be used in business.

B. VR Pay was originally a toy rather than a tool.

C. VR Pay is China’s largest online payments service.

D. The Alipay payments platform will be out of service.

35. The main purpose of the text is to ______.

A. debate          B. persuade          C. introduce            D. entertain 

   Once there was a woman who thought she had the ----41--- cross to bear in the world, and that no one was as lonely as she. Her eyes were ---42---filled with tears, and people began to ---43—her.

   One night as she lay thinking about it with great ---44--- in her heart, comparing her heavily burdened life with the lives of other women she know, she ----45--- a man’s voice saying, “You may exchange your cross. See!” And she seemed to see a great ---46---, and around on the walls hung various crosses.

   “Each of these---47--- someone in the world. Many like you ---48---an easy one,” said the voice. “All must have something in life that is hard; no one can ---49---. But if your cross seems indeed ---50---, choose another.”

    ---51--- she went about the room trying the crosses. The tiniest one, which she thought would be easy, was ---52--- very heavy to carry. And one of gold, which bore many jewels, looked ---53--- but hurt so much that she laid it quickly aside.

    All night she ---54--- the crosses, and at last she went to the man at the door and said, “Oh, sir,

---55--- you. Please give me back my own cross.” The man smiled and answered, “That is what all who enter here ---56---. Take it, and bear it---57---.”

    It is a story, a dream, but it is ---58---. If one realizes the great fact that all suffer, he will stop

 ---59--- and change the frown to a(n)---60---. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who see clouds and those who see through clouds. The latter are the people it is good to meet everywhere in the world.

   41. A. smallest       B. hardest        C. prettiest              D. highest

   42.A. often          B. Sometimes     C. seldom              D. never

   43. A. Scold         B. help          C.comfort              D. avoid

   44. A. bitterness      B. sympathy      C.satisfaction           D. politeness

   45.A. gave          B.ignored         C.heard               D. added

   46.A. store          B.human          C.room               D. animal

   47.A. belongs to     B. depends on      C. appeals to           D.relies on

   48.A. have          B. find            C.create              D. desire

   49.A. realize        B.relax            C.hide                D. escape

   50. A. impossible      B. unbearable     C.unimportant         D. Unnecessary

   51. A. proudly      B.gladly           C.Angrily             D.Secretly

   52. A. nearly        B. gradually        C. suddenly           D. actually

   53. A. beautiful      B.cheap           C. dirty              D.interesting

   54. A. showed       B.counted         C.tested              D. cleaned

   55. A.admire        B.warn            C. beg               D. hate

   56. A. do           B.say             C.see                D. need

   57. A. honestly      B.modestly        C.carefully            D. bravely

   58. A.cruel          B.simple          C.stupid              D. true

   59. A.working       B.complaining      C.laughing            D. looking

   60. A.Smile         B.idea            C. stare               D. shout

假定你是李华，最近你发现在英语写作方面有着许多困难。就此请你写封邮件给你的美国朋友Andy，主要内容如下：

1.描述该情况；

2.表达想改变的愿望；

3.征求他的建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贾；

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Andy，

How are you getting on?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

The train arrived at ______8 o’clock ,neither earlier nor later .

A. clearly        B. exactly  C. widely               D. nearly

Food is a hot issue in China. Eating, 41         (consider) to be an important part of each day, is far beyond simply meeting a need;42         now, people sometimes hardly have time to enjoy their food, because they are living in a fast-paced society. They need fast food. That’s 43         China’s fast-food market expands.

The first foreign fast-food restaurant to arrive in China was called KFC, quickly followed by Pizza Hut, McDonald’ s and so on. With the 44         (develop) of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed growth in China. However, being unable 45         (provide) balanced nutrition, these “junk foods” 46         (criticize) by health experts for a long time The experts also show that some foreign fast food consists 47         certain cancer-causing chemicals.

48         (actual), the Chinese diet contains many of its own 49         (tradition) fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are the most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those are healthier. But many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains. It’s high time that they50         (wake) up to the fact of the potential risks with foreign fast-food.

﹣Is this Mr．Smith's office，Jean？

﹣Yes，____．（　　）

A．that's all right      B．it doesn't matter

C．after you      D．please yourself

I was in a charity shop looking at the second hand books.It just so happened that the book shelves were next to the toy section.After a few minutes I became aware of a group of women standing behind me.They were poorly dressed and spoke in what sounded like an eastern European language.As they looked through the clothes rails a little girl,about three years old,came over to the toy section.Immediately her attention was caught by a toy pram（婴儿车）. What is it about little girls and toy prams? I don't know,but whatever it is its incredibly cute!
       She spoke to her mother and,in halting English her mother asked the shop assistant how much it cost.Three pounds was the answer---about five dollars.The mum looked down at her child,perhaps calculating what she still had to buy and how much money she would have left.Then she simply shook her head. 
       The child didn't react badly as some might.Being told“no”was obviously not a new experience for her.But she couldn't keep the disappointment from her face.
       I had the grand total of four pounds in my pocket,two two-pound coins.A moment later I tapped the mother on the shoulder,pointed to the coins which I had left in the pram and said,“Buy her a dolly too.”
       I didn't hang about to see the end result.After all,it's not about being thanked.I made my way out of the shop and into the sunshine.
       The money was an investment in the happiness of the world.Was there any better way,I wondered,to get so much happiness for so little money than to buy a little girl a toy pram? And a dolly to sit in it!

24.What did the little girl say to her mother according to the second paragraph?
A.She asked her mother to calculate her money.
B.She asked her mother to buy the toy pram for her.
C.She asked her mother to borrow money from the author.
D.She asked her mother to ask the shop assistant the price of the toy pram.

25.The mother shook her head because        .
A.she thought the toy wasn’t worth the money.                 B.she found it difficult to calculate her money.
C.she found she didn’t take enough money with her.          D.she thought the toy was not suitable for her daughter.

26.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that        .
A.the girl usually behaved badly.
B.the mother usually treated her daughter badly.
C.the mother was not rich enough to meet her daughter’s need often.
D.the little girl was often refused because she asked for too many toys.

27.What words can be used to describe the author?
A.Optimistic and energetic.                         B.Pleasant and grateful
C.Wealthy and healthy.                               D.Sympathetic and helpful

 Having retired from business, he now ________himself with the welfare of the disabled.

A. adapts    B. charges

C. associates    D. occupies

  假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Chris 给你发来e-mail，询问你校正在开展的“低碳生活”

（low-carbon  lifestyle ）活动情况。请就以下几个方面的活动内容用英语写一封回信。

       1．上学（步行或骑自行车）；

       2．校内（节电节水，双面书写）；

       3．购物（使用环保购物袋）；

       4．你对活动的看法。

注意：

       1．词数120左右；

       2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

       3．开头语已为你写好。

(注：环保的 environmentally friendly；购物袋 shopping bag 低碳生活 low-carbon lifestyle)

Dear Chris,

I’m happy to receive your e-mail asking about what we are doing to promote a low-carbon

lifestyle ．_________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                                         

__________________________________________________________________________                                                                                __________________________________________________________________________­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­                                                                                          

__________________________________________________________________________                                                                                  

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

                                                                        Yours

Li Hua

   Camels are well known for their ability to survive the hot and dry conditions of the desert, but a study suggests they once grew well in colder climates. Scientists have found fossilized（化石） parts of a leg bone belonging to a giant camel that lived in the forests of Canada’s High Arctic about 3.5 million years ago.

   The research is published in the journal Nature Communication. Dr. Mike Buckley, an author of the paper from the university of Manchester, said, “What’s special about this story is that this is the northernmost evidence of camels.” The area was warmer than today 3.5million years ago, but the ancient giant camels would have had to face long and bitter winter, with temperatures below freezing. There would have been snowstorms and about six months of darkness.

    While scientists have known for some time that camels existed in North America, with the earliest creatures dating to about 45 million years ago, they were astonished to find a species at such a latitude(纬度）。

    Over the course of three investigations, which began in 2006, researchers from the Canadian Museum of Nature collected 30 pieces of the leg bone from Ellesmere Island in Canada.

  Their size suggested that the animal was about 30% larger than today’s camels, measuring about 2.7m from foot to shoulder. Despite its size, the researchers believe it would have been similar in appearance, although it probably had a thicker coat to stay warm.

    To investigate further, the team took the protein found in the bone from the fossils and modern animals. Dr. Buckley said, “The results tell us that it is a direct ancestor of modern camels.”

    He said the findings provided a new insight into the evolution of this animal. “It suggests that many of the adaptations that we currently think of, in terms of camels being adapted to warm desert-like environments, could have actually originated through adaptation to quite the opposite cold, bitter environments. Camels’ humps(峰）which store fat could help get through an Arctic six-month winter. Their large eyes would have helped them to see in the low light, and their wide, flat feet would have been just as useful for walking on snow as they are on sand,” he explained.

28.What surprised the scientists when they found the giant camel fossils?

   A. Their size.                                   B. Their shape.  

   C. Their location.                                      D. Their number.

29.According to the text, the ancient giant camels __________.

   A.could date to about 45 million years ago

   B. struggled to survive in severe conditions

   C.were the first ancestors of modern camels

   D.lived in an environment without light

30.Compared with modern camels, the ancient giant camels__________.

   A.were much taller                               B.had more humps

   C.were slightly stronger                           D.had thinner coat

31.We can infer from what Dr. Buckley said that __________.

   A.giant camels had special adaptations for polar life

   B.cold environments prevented giant camels developing

   C.the cause of the extinction of gian camels remains unknown

   D.the hard climates forced giant camels to find warm environments

       假定英语课上老师要求同学之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

       增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。

       删除：多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

       修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

       注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

                2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

       Everyone in our village likes my father, so he has a sense of humor. In the other words, he can make people laugh easy and they feel happy to be around him. Admired his good personality is the main reason for me to dream that one day I can be as humor as him. I even asked him how have a good sense of humor, but what he replied disappointed me. “Not everyone can make other laugh, because those that are of humor are usually born to be so,” he said. However, later, he adds, “But you can if you know a lot of joke.” That’s why now I’m reading books about them.

Good food, sharing, and   41   are three things that come to my mind right away when I think of my family’s kitchen. It may seem   42   when I think of the kitchen as a special place, but for my family it is. We say good bye there before school, and we say hello there when we get   43  . It is a place for food, of course, but it’s also a place for sharing and for laughing. If I had to describe   44   the kitchen means to me in one word, it   45   be the word warmth.

A visitor   46   the kitchen for the first time might   47   why I chose that word. The kitchen looks quite ordinary. It has wood-grain cabinets, a   48   stainless sink, a refrigerator and an old but firm stove. At the corner of the room   49   a butcher -block table, worn from years of use. That’s   50   our family eats most meals.   51  , almost any visitor would probably say it seemed like a plain, ordinary kitchen.

  52  , the five of us in my family see that room in a different way. We have lived in the house for ten years, and for us, the kitchen is a place that holds   53   years of special sounds,  54  and memories. We enjoy the sound of my grandmother humming songs from her childhood as she   55  , and the smell of the fresh bread she bakes each week. If it is cold outside, we might   56   our chairs around the stove, enjoying its friendly   57   as we talk.

Most importantly, though, our kitchen is the   58   of our home. It may not seem like a special place to someone else, but when I am lonely and tired, it   59   me ---like a big blanket on a winter morning. It is just as important to   60   in my family. It is our place to come together and share our lives. 

41. A. quarreling           B. laughter         C. teasing          D. lover

42. A. strange              B. normal           C. usual            D. wrong

43. A. family           B. house            C. kitchen          D. home

44. A. which            B. what             C. how              D. that

45. A. will                 B. can              C. must             D. would

46. A. living           B. hearing          C. seeing           D. looking

47. A. wonder           B. realize              C. know             D. deny

48. A. two sides            B. two-sides        C. two sided        D. two-sided

49. A. sit              B. sitting              C. sits             D. to sit

50. A. when             B. why              C.where             D. how

51. A. in short             B. in surprise          C. in vain              D. in nature

52. A. However          B. Therefore        C. Moreover    D. Thus

53. A. several              B. ten              C. many             D. nine

54. A. tastes               B.smells            C. feels            D. pictures

55. A. rests            B. plays            C.cooks         D. reads

56. A. pull up              B. pull in              C. pull over            D. pull off

57. A. cold             B. fire             C. flame            D. heat

58. A. part             B. heart            C. corner           D. whole

59. A. touches          B. helps            C. warms            D. rids

60. A. everyone         B. no one           C. everything           D. nothing

One day I took a bus with my girlfriend. It was so 41 that we stood for several stops until a vacant(空闲的) seat was 42 for her. 
Then a pretty girl rushed towards me, saying, "Hi, where are you going?"I was so struck by the stranger that I had a hard time trying to 43 her. Clearly she had taken me 44somebody else. I returned her greeting with politeness, 45 to give explanation to my girlfriend later. 
Noticing my dialogue with somebody else, my girlfriend 46her eyes and found she was pretty. She asked jealously（忌妒地，猜疑地）, "Who's she?" The pretty girl, quite 47of the situation, spoke out first, "Hi, let me 48 myself. I'm Nancy, used to be 49. Very glad to meet you." She behaved very 50.

But I was 51 to search in my memory for someone called Nancy among my neighbors. I was worrying how to explain this to my girlfriend 52the pretty girl again turned to me, "Will you give me your cell phone number so that we 53 keep contacts later?" I had to submit（服从，顺从） to her 54.

Then the girl got off the bus at the next stop. A minute later I got a short 55on my phone－from a stranger. My girlfriend 56my phone and read the note. It was from the girl, who said, "Just now, two thieves tried to 57your pocket. I had to act as an acquaintance（熟人） to draw your attention. I should have left at the58stop but gave up as I noticed these two thieves also 59to leave at the same stop. Because of the 60 I delayed my departure. Now you' ll understand all I have done to you. Wish you luck."

( )41. A. tiringB. slow     C. crowded D. messy

( )42. A. ready B. available C. special         D. suitable

( )43. A. identify B. realize     C. remind D. judge

( )44. A. onB. by      C. with        D. for

( )45. A. preferring B. planningC. managingD. promising

( )46. A. fixed     B. opened C. raised D. focused

( )47. A. proud   B. carefulC. afraid    D. aware

( )48. A. explain B. enjoy       C. introduce      D. help

( )49. A. partners B. neighbors C. friends      D. colleagues

( )50. A. naturally      B. generously     C. cautiously             D. normally

( )51. A. in a hurry     B. at a loss  C. at ease          D. in time

( )52. A. while     B. before     C. when                      D. until 

( )53. A. would   B. can   C. should            D. must

( )54. A. request       B. question  C. command             D. opinion

( )55. A. suggestion B. warning   C. notice                    D. message

( )56. A. removed     B. seized C. foundD. caught

( )57. A. steal     B. reach        C. get                 D. pick

( )58. A. terminal （末期的）       B. formerC. previous      D. latter

( )59. A. pretending B. intending C. demanding    D.announcing

( )60. A. incident B. matterC. accident     D. affair

Do you know the following expressions?

Faustian bargain

According to most stories, Faust was a German scholar who was rather unhappy with his life．The devil（魔鬼）, Mephistopheles, promises him that in return for his soul．he will give Faust unlimited power and knowledge．Faust agrees and experiences all kinds of pleasures, however, in the end, his soul goes to the hell．A “Faustian bargain” therefore is a deal that finally results in one's ruin．It means a bargain made for temporary gain without taking future consequences into consideration．

A three-ring circus

When you refer to a situation as being a three-ring circus, you are saying that it is a situation of complete confusion．There are so many activities taking place all together that they leave you confused or annoyed．The expression comes from the world of entertainment—the circus．The area where the artists perform their acts is called the “ring”．In the past, some of the circuses were so large that they had three acts taking place meanwhile in three different “rings”．The audience had to decide which “ring” they wanted to focus on．

In the swim（of things）

When someone is in the swim of things, he is actively participating in the things happening around him, as in “I've been ill, but soon I'll be back in the swim of things.” In the world of fishing, fishermen use the word “swim” to refer to the section of the lake/river where fish can be found in plenty．So, if you are a fish man and wish to catch a lot of fish, where would you be? You would be “in the swim”!

24．If a person makes a Faustian bargain, _____．

     A．he might come to a bad end

     B．he would be considered clever

     C．his life would become satisfying

     D．he would gain power and knowledge

25．In the past, why did a circus perform different acts at the same time ?

    A. It was the audience’s requirement.

    B. The time was limited.

    C. The circus was very big.

    D. They wanted to earn more money.

26．What do we learn about the expression “in the swim（of things）”?

     A．It means having a lot of things to do．

     B．It has nothing to do with swimming．

     C．Originally it was used to refer to "going fishing"．

     D．Patients use it to express their desire for health.

27．What is the text mainly about?

     A．The development of English phrases．

     B．Some old and interesting stories．

     C．Some phrases' meanings and origins．

     D．Some misunderstandings about words．

Muhammad Ali was one of the 61 (good) boxers i n the world. Hi s death on June 3 62 (lead) to a lot of sadness and appreciation. He was a symbol of excellence and charm. Ali almost seemed 63 a ghost in the US for years. As he shook while 64 (light) the Olympic flame to open the Summer Games in Atlanta in 1996, those 65 had seen Ali grow from a charming boxing superstar into a beloved civil rights icon (代表) struggled, too.

Ali 66 (bore) in Kentucky in 1942. His boxing skills got 67 (he) a gold medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics, and in 1964, he won the world heavyweight championship, living up to his prediction that he 68 “shock the world”.

He refused to join the army and take part in the Vietnam War. He became one of the lasting symbols of the civil rights and anti-war movements of the 1960s. “I am 69 (confidence) that justice will come my way, for the truth must 70 (eventual) prevail (获胜) ,” he said in 1967.

 ______ is known to us all, the old worker, for ______ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his seventies.

A. As; whom               B. What; whose        C. It; whose              D. That; whom

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

    With global warming and melting ice, it isn’t easy being a polar bear anymore. Some studies have predicted that polar bears could die out by the end of the century. The good news is not all researchers think the bears are absolutely disappearing. Scientists at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) have published a new paper indicating that things might not be as bad for polar bears as some scientists expect.

    To understand the reason for the researchers’ cautious optimism, we must first understand the factors that are threatening the polar bear’s existence. Polar bears consume a diet of mainly young seals. In order to hunt these seals, polar bears need to rest at the top of sea ice---the same ice that is increasingly melting for most of the year thanks to climate change. In another 50 years, experts expect that the Arctic will be too warm for sea ice to form for half of the year, leaving polar bears without a reliable food source and in serious danger of starvation.

    As it turns out, alternative food sources for the polar bears aren’t completely out of the question. For as long as biologists have tailed after the animals, they’ve seen polar bears eating animals found on land like caribou(驯鹿) and snow geese---as well as the snow geese’s eggs.

    Can polar bears actually survive off these alternative food sources for long periods of time? To figure this out, researchers calculated the nutrients that a caribou and snow geese diet would provide. They found that even adult male polar bears would be able to obtain more calories than they would burn in hunting these meals. Moreover, the food would provide the food necessary to avoid starvation during the summer months.

Unfortunately, not all polar bears have tended to seek food on land. That said, the researchers expect that necessity would push more polar bears to hunt on land to avoid starvation. They also expect that the bears could learn from their fellow bears how to hunt on land until the practice becomes second nature.

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Think about vitamin D when you’re catching up on summer rays. It’s sometimes called the “sunshine vitamin” because it’s produced in your skin in response to sunlight. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble (脂溶性的) vitamin in a family of compounds that includes vitamins D-1, D-2, and D-3. It can affect as many as 2,000 genes in the body. 

Vitamin D has several important functions. Perhaps the most vital are regulating the absorption of calcium and phosphorous（磷）, and promoting normal immune system function. Getting enough vitamin D is important for normal growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as improving resistance against certain diseases. 

In addition to its primary benefits, research suggests that vitamin D may also play a role in:  

 ● reducing your risk of multiple sclerosis（多发性硬化）, according to a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association  

● decreasing your chance of developing heart disease, according to 2008 findings published in Circulation 

● helping to reduce your possibility of developing the flu, according to 2010 research published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition  

● regulating mood and warding off depression  

● losing weight or preventing heart disease 

How do you get it? Your body produces vitamin D naturally when it is directly exposed to sunlight. A little can go a long way. All you need is 10 minutes a day of midday, pre-sunscreen sun exposure,especially if you have fair skin. Besides getting vitamin D through sunlight, you can also get it through certain foods and supplements to ensure adequate levels of the vitamin in your blood.

24. Why is Vitamin D sometimes called “Sunshine Vitamin”?   

A. Because it is produced in your skin reacting to sunlight.     

B. Because it is named a fat-soluble vitamin.   

C. Because it is produced with enough sunshine.

D. Because it is like sunshine in summer.

25. How can a person ensure enough Vitamin D in his/ her body?   

A. He/ She could ask doctors for help.   

 B. He/ She should walk a long way in the sunlight.   

C. He/ She should be exposed to sunlight for a long time.   

 D. He/ She should get it through sunlight, foods and supplements.  

26. Which of the following is NOT the function of Vitamin D?      

A. Preventing heart disease.     

B. Helping the body grow normally.     

C. Producing calcium and phosphorous.   

 D. Decreasing anxiety and nervousness. 

27. Which is the best title of the passage?     

A. Vitamin D Family.              B. Vitamin D, You Need It.   

 C. Ways to get Vitamin D.    D. A Good Medicine --Vitamin D.