江苏省常州市天宁区2022届高三上学期开学考英语试题

    A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was riven by self-criticism. "I'm at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?" She asked.

    This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. She has a sense that hours on the field should get her exactly where she needs to go. Many students have similar mentality. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fail, they are crushed by self-blame. If my achievements are mine to control, they reason, my failures must be entirely my fault, too.

    We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.

    Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of "mindset" research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. A 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.

    One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, "it is not a lack of motivation and perseverance (毅力) that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top." They push themselves onward in face of impossible goals. A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.

    The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don't go their way, we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning. At Smith College where I teach, students are asked to explore how setbacks and missteps made them stronger or more effective. We would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (意外打击) us when we least expect it. It's often the people who learn to say "stuff happens" who get up the fastest.

To-do things during your trip to Amsterdam

Canal Boat Trip

The UNESCO protected canal belt is the perfect image of Amsterdam. The sight is pleasing to the eyes after sundown when the bridges get lit up using fairy lights. You can consider hop on and off boats that dock in different areas, which is a large business. There are even free passenger ferries in the northern area of the city.

Coffee shops

If you are a coffee lover, you will be pleased to visit many quiet coffee shops that combine elegance and romance. The environment is great and relaxing and you may sip on a warm coffee in the beautifully-designed coffee shop which is also perfect for taking pictures. Great memories can be created here.

Museums

Located at the Museumplein(博物馆广场)are three major museums—the Ryksmuseum, Van Gogh Museum, and Stedelyk Museum. Regarded as the cultural heart of Amsterdam, the famous district can be said to be a paradise for those who love art. It has been recently restored so that it is of a world-class standard.

Square

The grand open square is full of activities throughout the day. You can encounter fantastic open-air exhibitions, markets as well as a huge paddling pool that lets one dip their toes into it when the day is warm. When it is winter the square becomes a huge outdoor ice area.

Traveler

My fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with rolls of exposed film and a hundred dollars in uncashed traveler's checks, and is asleep at the moment. His blue duffel(粗呢) bag lies on the floor where he dropped it. Obviously, he postponed as much sleep as he could: when he walked in and we hugged, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed directly for the bed, where I imagine he beat his old record of sixteen hours.

It was his first trip overseas, so weeks before it, I pressed travel books on him, and a tape cassette of useful French phrases; drew up a list of people to visit; advised him on clothing and other things. At the luggage store where we went to buy him a suitcase, he headed for the duffels, saying that suitcases were more for old people.

During the trip, he called home three times: from London, Paris, and a village named Ullapool. Near Ullapool, he climbed a mountain in a rainstorm that almost blew him off. In the village, a man spoke to him in Gaelic, and, too polite to interrupt, my son listened to him for ten or fifteen minutes, trying to nod in the right places. The French he learned from the cassette didn't hold water in Paris. The French he talked to shrugged and walked on.

When my son called, I sat down at the kitchen table and leaned forward and hung on every word.  His voice came through clearly, though two of the calls were like ship-to-shore communication. When I interrupted him with a "Great!" or a "Really?", I knocked a little hole in his communication. So I just sat and listened.  I have never listened to a telephone so attentively and with so much pleasure. It was wonderful to hear news from him that was so new to me. In my book, he was the first man to land on the moon, and I knew that I had no advice to give him and that what I had already given was probably not much help.

The unused checks are certainly evidence of that. Youth travels light. No suitcase, not much luggage and a slim expense account, and yet he went to the scene, and came back safely. I sit here amazed. The night when your child returns with dust on his shoes from a country you've never seen is a night you would gladly turn into a week.

Most of the 500 whales stranded (搁浅)off Tasmania have now died. Dozens more stricken whales have been found in Australia's largest ever mass stranding. The estimated total now stands at around 500, with the majority of that number dead and a tenth rescued by authorities on the Island state of Tasmania. Experts believe all of the animals would have been part of one large group. Officials began working to rescue survivors among an estimated 270 whales found on Monday on a beach and two sandbars near the remote coastal town of Strahan. Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres (six miles) to the south. All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon. They were among the 380 whales that have died overall, with estimates from earlier today suggesting that 30 that were alive but stranded and 50 had been rescued since Tuesday, Mr Deka, Wildlife Service manager explained. He added," We'll continue to work to free as many of the animals as we can. We'll continue working as long as there are live animals. "

It is not known what caused the animals to run aground. While stranding events are not unheard of, they are very rare in such large numbers. About 30 whales in the original stranding were moved from the sandbars to open ocean on Tuesday, but several got stranded again. About a third of the first group had died by Monday evening.

Australia's largest mass stranding had previously been 320 pilot whales near the Western Australian town of Dunsborough in 1996. This week's incident is the first involving more than 500 whales in Tasmania since 2009. Marine Conservation Programme wildlife biologist Kris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died.

Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, including navigational errors. She explained, "They do have a very strong social system; these animals are closely bonded and that's why we have seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation. Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to return back to the group, they might hear the sounds that the others are making, or they're just disoriented and, in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhausted that they in some cases don't know where they are." she added.

Childhood is an important period of social development, particularly in the formation of social identity, which is how we perceive our various roles in society in relation to others. If a child is very shy and withdrawn, it's likely that other children will pick up on that child's social cues(暗示)andleave them alone, thus confirming the child's social identity as "shy and withdrawn." In turn, the child may become upset, trying to break free from that identity.

The more people identify with(认同) a particular group, the more that group plays a role in shaping how people feel about themselves. Being a member of that group becomes important for how people regard themselves and their abilities.

Not all children who experience threats to their social identity will experience depression. For example, a child who only sees himself as a star soccer player may experience discomfort and a sense of loss if he suddenly becomes injured and is unable to play soccer anymore. The child may lose his status as a star athlete, which opens the door for depression.

How can a child's identity be supported? As an adult, you can acknowledge what and who is important to them. Try not to place too much emphasis on any one single social role. What's more, if you notice that a child is losing interest in activities they once loved, or other behaviors that show they are feeling depressed, seek advice from their mental health providers.

A. Social identity allows people to be part of groups.

B. In fact, the child may hide their negative side and try to fit in.

C. Our social identities are often influenced by people around us.

D. Instead, encourage them to try new and different things in life.

E. Only those with a limited number of social roles are more at risk.

F. So gaining status within the group can help people develop a sense of belonging.

G. Why does a child feel depressed without being noticed by their parents or teachers?

When my children were teenagers, I 1 a fridge magnet with what was said to be a First Nation or Native American prayer. I 2 it on the door of our refrigerator in full view. I found the words to be meaningful and hoped they would teach my children to have more patience and be more 3 of others.

Although my children are 4 now, with homes of their own. I've kept the magnet on our fridge door for the past twenty-five years. During that time, I've often found that the 5 has helped me see situations from a different perspective.

For example, a number of years ago, I was on my way to a farewell function with several colleagues. As we were leaving the office, we 6 our other colleague, Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted us to wait for her, and she responded in a fairly rude manner, 7 our invitation. One of my other colleagues was quite annoyed about Wendy's behavior. "I don't know why you even 8 to invite her, " she said. 9 on how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us, I commented that perhaps we should just give Wendy a 10 and forgive her for being rude at the last minute. She was 11 having a bad day, and it wasn't worth holding a grudge (怨恨) against her if we weren't aware of what caused her unusual behavior.

A week later, I learned that when we came across Wendy, she was returning to the office from a medical appointment 12 she was told she had pancreatic cancer. She died a year later. Wendy wasn't being rude to us; she had just received a very 13 diagnosis.

Whether it's a family member who let me down, a friend who 14 a confidence, or a difficult colleague, the quote on my fridge guided me. Although it's not always easy to forgive, I've been able to 15 a lot of grudge over the years by focusing on my mantra.

It took two years to complete the design work for the Chinese Olympic delegation's entry uniform. After several rounds of selections and (evaluate), final uniform designs with the theme of "making a good start" were (official) confirmed in March last year.   

the appearance of the athletes is a focus of the opening ceremony, an eye-catching color like red is a top choice, especially since it is the primary shade in China's national flag, symbolizes energy, passion and joy in traditional Chinese culture. White represents brightness, purity and divinity. The combination of red and white makes an auspicious (吉祥) statement (echo) the theme of the design: "making a good start".

Color along with graphics can convey the visual characteristics of a country and express a more (accuracy) national image. The hem (下摆) of the white dress for female athletes (feature) China's national flower, the peony, and the source for the pattern was drawn a Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) peony bowl, representative of traditional Chinese aesthetics. The design of the men's shirts is inspired by the five-star graphic pattern of China's national flag. It reflects the desire of the Chinese Olympic team (fight) together for national honor.   

Professor He Yang, one of the designers behind the uniform, said that one of the considerations during the design process was the uniform should display the traditional Chinese cultural character in an intelligible and identifiable way. "We need to strike a balance between cultural representation, etiquette and the spirit of modern Chinese sportsmen," he said.

1）写信原因；）题型简介；3）你的困难。

注意：

1）词数80词左右；2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Helen,

……

Sincerely,

Li Hua

We often take for granted the very things that most deserve our gratitude.

Growing up, I wanted to be just like my mom. Kind and caring, she always seemed to make people comfortable in her presence. For years she was a volunteer in our community. I loved going to the local nursing home to help with her until I hit my preteen years. Suddenly, I was too caught up in my adolescent world to worry about helping others.

One particular summer day when I was twelve, Mom came into my room and told me to get up and meet her at the car. I had planned to spend the day at the lake with friends. Why did she have to ruin everything? Eventually, I made my way outside. I imagined the lake water cooling my skin. Annoyed, I climbed into the car and slammed the door shut. I sat in silence, too upset to make a conversation.

"Tasha, would you like to know where we are going?" Mom asked calmly.

"I guess…," I murmured under my breath.

"Sweetheart, we are going to a children's shelter, I have been there before and I think it would benefit you," she explained.

I felt a knot slowly form in my stomach. How was I supposed to help there?

When we reached the shelter, I was rather surprised. It was a large white Victorian home. As we approached the large front porch, wind bells played a calming tune while trees and blossoms welcomed us. Maybe this wasn't going to be so bad.

Mom rang the doorbell. The door flew open and we were led to the front room, where all of the children were playing. Toys were spread out across the floor. I noticed a baby whose body was scarred with wounds. The majority of the children had noticeable physical scars (伤疤) such as cuts, scratches and burns. What a terrible life they had before they moved here! My heart sank.

As I was looking around, I felt a gentle pull on my shirt.

……

I returned to the shelter with Mom several times.