题目

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I've always found that hiking in nature makes me feel happier, and of course reduced stress may be a big part of the reason why. But, Gregory Bratman, of Stanford University, has found evidence that nature may affect our mood （心情）in other ways, too. In one 2015 study, Bratman and his colleagues chose 60 volunteers to take a 50-minutc walk in either a natural setting or an urban setting. Before and after the walk, the volunteers were assessed（评估）on their emotional state and on cognitive （认知的）measures, such as how well they could perform tasks requiring short-term memory. Results showed that those who walked in nature experienced less anxiety and rumination（沉思）, as well as more positive emotions, compared with the urban walkers. They also improved their performance on the memory tasks. In another study in 2017, he and his colleagues furthered these findings by focusing on how walking in nature affects rumination — which has been connected with the onset of anxiety — while also using fMRI technology to look at brain activity. Volunteers who took a 90-minute walk in either a natural setting or an urban setting had their brains scanned （扫描） before and after their walks and were surveyed（调查）on self-reported rumination levels. Even so, volunteers who walked in a natural setting reported reduced rumination after the walk, and they showed increased activity in the subgenual prefrontal cortex （前额叶皮层）,an area of the brain whose inactivity is related to depression and anxiety — a finding that shows nature may have important effects on mood. Bratman believes results like these need to reach city planners and others whose decisions affect our natural spaces. "Ecosystem services are being included into decision making at all levels of public policy, land use planning, and urban design, and it's very important to be sure to include findings from psychology into these decisions," he says. （1） What did the 2015 study find about people walking in nature? A . Their memory was improved. B . Their mood did not change. C . They had more chance to succeed. D . They preferred living in a natural setting. （2） What is the third paragraph mainly about? A . Bratman's theory. B . The results of the 2017 study. C . The process of the 2017 study. D . The  volunteers' performance. （3） What does Bratman think the study results should be applied to? A . House designing. B . City planning. C . Physical training. D . Health education. （4） Which of the following is a good title for the text? A . Science Contributes to Better Health B . Ways to Reduce Stress and Lift Mood C . Studies Show Various Benefits of Hiking D . Nature Makes You Happier and Less Anxious 答案： A C B D

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